Allama Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi
Encyclopedia
Allama Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi (1104h-1174h)(urdu
) علامه مخدوم محمدهاشم ٹھٹوي : was a famous and eminent Islamic Scholar, Author, Philanthropist, Spiritual leader, Pir
. He was the first ever Quranic Exegesis writer in the Sindhi
dialect. He also ran the office of the Chief Justice and stayed the Governor of Sindh and connected areas of Punjab in the Kalhora era. Makhdoom was also a feudal lord and tribe chieftain. He was blessed by aloud reply from the Islamic prophet Muhammad
when he presented greetings and durood at the Roza-e-Rasool.He was the leading Islamic theologian and the Imam of the Grand Mosque at Thatta. He engaged himself in missionary duties and was famous among Sufis. He is famous for his scholastic works such as: Madah Nama Sindh (a book about Islam in Sindhi society and culture), Dirham al-Surrat Fi Wada al-Yadayn Taht al-Surrah (a book based on the Hanafi theology), al-Baqiyat as-Salihat (a biography of great Islamic figures) and many more others about 400 in all. His wise religious dictum's, shaped Sindhi culture and Islamic tradition in Sindh, and was believed to be a leading expert authority on the Fatwa-e-Alamgiri. He belonged to the Naqshbandi
order of Sufism, and followed the Hanafi
school of thought. The well renowned scholar has a large following throughout the Muslim world specially in Sindh and Thatta district in specific.
His family tree is:
Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim the son of
He received basic education from his father Makhdoom Abdul Ghafoor, also his father taught him to recite Quran and helped him memorize Arabic text of the Quran thus makhdoom memorized the whole Quran. He further learnt Persian language and Fiqh from his house and travelled to Thatta the centre of education, poetry, spiritual grooming and culture of the time for receiving higher education. It was in the time of the Kalhoras when Sindh was at its peak in reference to rich culture and economic progress. Scholars, poets, intellectuals were found in abundance and such people were very much obeyed trusted and respected. Thatta had been entirely unique as in 1111 Hijri it had 400 high schools and 1400 mosques and is of its own kind even today, this attracted Makhdoom Hashim to come to Thatta and attend Arabic classes from Makhdoom Saeed. Makhdoom by his immense intellect and sharp mind finished the curriculum which was usually completed in six years just in just six months this made Makhdoom earn a lot of popularity great scholars and people used to come and visit him from far away remote areas and places and so he became a centre of attraction for many spiritual leaders and people began to see him as their spiritual master.
Makhdoom proceeded towards Makhdoom Zia uddin Thattvi to learn Hadith and its associated matters; it all took him nine years to learn Persian and Arabic. Meanwhile his father Makhdoom Abdul Ghafoor passed away on 1113 Hijri in the blessed month of Dhul-hajj and was buried in his place at Sehwan. Makhdoom's thirst for learning and knowledge had not yet quenched so he took a bold step to visit the Holy place of Makkah-Mukarramah and learn from its local scholars same way he visited Madinah-Munawarah and learnt Exegesis, Hadith, Religious fundamentals, Tajwid and Fiqh.
His lineage to Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani is as follows:
Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi disciple to
And Persian
.
Some of the names of his well known books are as follows:
His authored books are included in the syllabus of Al-Azhar University
today as well.
Some of his books have recently been translated into Sindhi by Allama Muhammad Idrees Dahiri
and Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi
, including Madah Nama Sindh, al-Baqiyat as-Salihat and Khamsat at-Tahirah.
Makhdoom Hashim achieved the attendance at Madinah-Munawarah and presented greetings at the "ROZA-E-MUBARAK" resting place/personal room of Muhmmand and received the greatest gift in the form of reply of the greetings from Muhmmand himself
"WALAIKUM-AS-SALAM YA MUHAMMAD HASHIM:
It was big coincidence that at the very time there were two Muhammad Hashim's present and starting considering the reward for themselves. To clear the misunderstanding both agreed on trying for another time and Muhmmand settled the dispute by again replying and blessing honor and the status of a great saint and friend of God and of Muhmmand to Makhdoom Hashim.
"WALAIKUM-AS-SALAM YAMUHAMMAD HASHIM THATTVI"
This happening was on the tongue of the whole world and Persian words were said for this incident:
near the historical Makli graveyard.
A large number of his departed following is buried alongside his shrine. Few of the names of the notables resting there are as follows:
Ubaidullah Sindhi
,
Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi
at the shrine.
The day proceedings involve recitation of the Quran, hymns and praises of Allah and Muhammad and the Prophet, and religious discourses are given by renowned orators and scholars of the locality.
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
) علامه مخدوم محمدهاشم ٹھٹوي : was a famous and eminent Islamic Scholar, Author, Philanthropist, Spiritual leader, Pir
Pir
-Finance:Pir may refer to:* Pier 1 Imports Stock symbol NYSE:PIR, a Texas-based retailer specializing in imported home furnishings and decor-Economics:PIR may refer to:* poverty index ratio, a measure of income relative to U.S...
. He was the first ever Quranic Exegesis writer in the Sindhi
Sindhi language
Sindhi is the language of the Sindh region of Pakistan that is spoken by the Sindhi people. In India, it is among 22 constitutionally recognized languages, where Sindhis are a sizeable minority. It is spoken by 53,410,910 people in Pakistan, according to the national government's Statistics Division...
dialect. He also ran the office of the Chief Justice and stayed the Governor of Sindh and connected areas of Punjab in the Kalhora era. Makhdoom was also a feudal lord and tribe chieftain. He was blessed by aloud reply from the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
when he presented greetings and durood at the Roza-e-Rasool.He was the leading Islamic theologian and the Imam of the Grand Mosque at Thatta. He engaged himself in missionary duties and was famous among Sufis. He is famous for his scholastic works such as: Madah Nama Sindh (a book about Islam in Sindhi society and culture), Dirham al-Surrat Fi Wada al-Yadayn Taht al-Surrah (a book based on the Hanafi theology), al-Baqiyat as-Salihat (a biography of great Islamic figures) and many more others about 400 in all. His wise religious dictum's, shaped Sindhi culture and Islamic tradition in Sindh, and was believed to be a leading expert authority on the Fatwa-e-Alamgiri. He belonged to the Naqshbandi
Naqshbandi
Naqshbandi is one of the major Sufi spiritual orders of Sufi Islam. It is considered to be a "Potent" order.The Naqshbandi order is over 1,300 years old, and is active today...
order of Sufism, and followed the Hanafi
Hanafi
The Hanafi school is one of the four Madhhab in jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. The Hanafi madhhab is named after the Persian scholar Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man ibn Thābit , a Tabi‘i whose legal views were preserved primarily by his two most important disciples, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani...
school of thought. The well renowned scholar has a large following throughout the Muslim world specially in Sindh and Thatta district in specific.
Family
His Highness Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi descends from Hazrat Haris bin Abdul Mutallib of the Quraish tribe as same as MuhammadHis family tree is:
Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim the son of
- Adul Ghafoor the son of
- Abdul Latif the son of
- Abdur Rehman the son of
- Khair Uddin Harsi.
Early life and education
Makhdoom belonged to a very traditional, religious and educated family and so was blessed with great faculties of reasoning, thinking, memorizing and debating.He received basic education from his father Makhdoom Abdul Ghafoor, also his father taught him to recite Quran and helped him memorize Arabic text of the Quran thus makhdoom memorized the whole Quran. He further learnt Persian language and Fiqh from his house and travelled to Thatta the centre of education, poetry, spiritual grooming and culture of the time for receiving higher education. It was in the time of the Kalhoras when Sindh was at its peak in reference to rich culture and economic progress. Scholars, poets, intellectuals were found in abundance and such people were very much obeyed trusted and respected. Thatta had been entirely unique as in 1111 Hijri it had 400 high schools and 1400 mosques and is of its own kind even today, this attracted Makhdoom Hashim to come to Thatta and attend Arabic classes from Makhdoom Saeed. Makhdoom by his immense intellect and sharp mind finished the curriculum which was usually completed in six years just in just six months this made Makhdoom earn a lot of popularity great scholars and people used to come and visit him from far away remote areas and places and so he became a centre of attraction for many spiritual leaders and people began to see him as their spiritual master.
Makhdoom proceeded towards Makhdoom Zia uddin Thattvi to learn Hadith and its associated matters; it all took him nine years to learn Persian and Arabic. Meanwhile his father Makhdoom Abdul Ghafoor passed away on 1113 Hijri in the blessed month of Dhul-hajj and was buried in his place at Sehwan. Makhdoom's thirst for learning and knowledge had not yet quenched so he took a bold step to visit the Holy place of Makkah-Mukarramah and learn from its local scholars same way he visited Madinah-Munawarah and learnt Exegesis, Hadith, Religious fundamentals, Tajwid and Fiqh.
Pledge and Caliphate
Makhdoom was anxious for his spiritual promotion himself and thus started the quest for a spiritual master so after his return from Harmain-sharfain in 1136 Hijri he visited Surat Bandar in India and for spiritual training and growth adopted the companion ship in the Qadiri order under the leadership of Respected Saeed Ullah Surti, he kept meditating there for an year and was promoted and assigned as the Caliph. He took the special permission for returning back to his home Thatta in 1137 Hijri, October 1724 and to practice the Qadiri order. Syed Saad Ullah Surti was the disciple of Syed Abdul Shakur and so with eight connections he gets connected with His Highness Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani like wise Makhdoom Hashim is spiritually linked to Shiekh Abdul Qadir Jilani through nine caliphs.His lineage to Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani is as follows:
Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi disciple to
- Syed Saad Ullah who was the disciple of
- Syed Abdul Shakoor who was the disciple of
- Shah Masoud Sufrani who was the disciple of
- Sheikh Ali Hussaini who was the disciple of
- Sheikh Jaffar Al-Hussaini who was the disciple of
- Syed Ibrahim who was the disciple of
- Sheikh Abdullah Hussaini who was the disciple of
- Sheikh Adbul-Razzaq who was the son and the disciple of
- Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani
Work
He wrote 400 books in Arabic, SindhiSindhi language
Sindhi is the language of the Sindh region of Pakistan that is spoken by the Sindhi people. In India, it is among 22 constitutionally recognized languages, where Sindhis are a sizeable minority. It is spoken by 53,410,910 people in Pakistan, according to the national government's Statistics Division...
And Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
.
Some of the names of his well known books are as follows:
- Madah Nama Sindh (مدح نامه سنڌ): The book contains merits and values of Sindh and Sindhi society in the 12th century Hijri.
- Dirham al-Surrat Fi Wada al-Yadayn Taht al-Surrah: This is a short book by the famous scholar that proves the Hanafi way of keeping hands in Qiyam during prayer is proved by Sahih Hadith.
- al-Baqiyat as-Salihat (الباقيات الصالحات): This book is written by the great scholar of Sindh, and describes the biographies of Ummahat-ul-Momineen and great Islamic figures.
His authored books are included in the syllabus of Al-Azhar University
Al-Azhar University
Al-Azhar University is an educational institute in Cairo, Egypt. Founded in 970~972 as a madrasa, it is the chief centre of Arabic literature and Islamic learning in the world. It is the oldest degree-granting university in Egypt. In 1961 non-religious subjects were added to its curriculum.It is...
today as well.
Some of his books have recently been translated into Sindhi by Allama Muhammad Idrees Dahiri
Allama Muhammad Idrees Dahiri
Allama Muhammad Idrees Dahiri Naqshbandi is a notable Islamic scholar, preacher, writer, author, poet and researcher of Sindh, Pakistan. He is Hanafi, Maturidi, and belongs to the Naqshbandi Mujaddidi sufi order. He is a khalifa of Hazrat Khwaja Allah Bakhsh Abbasi Naqshbandi and currently of...
and Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi
Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi
Ghulam Mustafa Qasmi was a scholar and activist from Sindh, Pakistan . He was a freedom fighter, Sindhi language translator, and a scholar of Shah Waliullahi philosophy.- Contribution and work :...
, including Madah Nama Sindh, al-Baqiyat as-Salihat and Khamsat at-Tahirah.
Unique gift from Muhmmand to Makhdoom
ON FRIDAY, 12th OF RAJAB 1135 HIJRI,Makhdoom Hashim achieved the attendance at Madinah-Munawarah and presented greetings at the "ROZA-E-MUBARAK" resting place/personal room of Muhmmand and received the greatest gift in the form of reply of the greetings from Muhmmand himself
"WALAIKUM-AS-SALAM YA MUHAMMAD HASHIM:
It was big coincidence that at the very time there were two Muhammad Hashim's present and starting considering the reward for themselves. To clear the misunderstanding both agreed on trying for another time and Muhmmand settled the dispute by again replying and blessing honor and the status of a great saint and friend of God and of Muhmmand to Makhdoom Hashim.
"WALAIKUM-AS-SALAM YAMUHAMMAD HASHIM THATTVI"
This happening was on the tongue of the whole world and Persian words were said for this incident:
-
- "Zaban khalq-e-naqara khuda eist"
- Tongue of mankind is the tongue of God.
Mausoleum and Shrine
Thousands of devotees and followers visit his Mausoleum and shrine every day which is located in Makli, ThattaThatta
Thatta is a historic town of 220,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. Thatta's major monuments especially its necropolis at Makli are listed among the World Heritage Sites. The Shah Jahan Mosque is also listed...
near the historical Makli graveyard.
A large number of his departed following is buried alongside his shrine. Few of the names of the notables resting there are as follows:
Ubaidullah Sindhi
Ubaidullah Sindhi
Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi was a noted pan-Islamic leader a political activist of the Indian independence movement...
,
Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi
Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi
Pir Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi was a Pakistani historian and scholar.Born in 1911 near Nusrat Station, Ratodero Taluka, Larkana District, he was the son of Muhammad Hamid Shah Rashidi and the younger brother of Pir Ali Muhammad Rashidi...
Urs
Makhdoom Hashim's urs is celebrated every year on the 6th of rajabRajab
Rajab is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar. The lexical definition of Rajaba is "to respect", of which Rajab is a derivative.This month is regarded as one of the four sacred months in Islam in which battles are prohibited...
at the shrine.
The day proceedings involve recitation of the Quran, hymns and praises of Allah and Muhammad and the Prophet, and religious discourses are given by renowned orators and scholars of the locality.
External links
- http://www.maktabah.org/component/content/article/44-sufi-shaikhs/935-makhdum-muhammad-hashim-thattvi-biography-and-works.html?directory=143
- http://www.maktabah.org/byauthor/548.html
- http://wikimapia.org/6133378/makhdoom-mohd-Hashim-Thattvi-tomb
- http://www.panoramio.com%2Fphoto%2F49932981&h=026d9
- http://www.archive.org/details/QasidaYaSalikasindhiLanguage
- http://www.maktabah.org/component/content/article/73-fiqhgeneral/964-al-hujjat-al-qawiyyah-fi-al-radd-ala-man-qadah-fi-al-hafiz-ibn-taymiyya.html?directory=143
- http://www.sindh.gov.pk/dpt/Usharzakaat/sehwan.htm
- http://www.scribd.com/doc/46505203/List-of-Books-in-English0
- http://www.usindh.edu.pk/agmqc/qasmi_biodata.html
- http://jeaysindhqaumimahaz.blogspot.com/2010/11/chapter-2-era-and-political-environment.html