Naqshbandi
Encyclopedia
Naqshbandi is one of the major Sufi
spiritual orders (tariqa) of Sufi Islam
. It is considered to be a "Potent" order.
The Naqshbandi order is over 1,300 years old, and is active today. It is the only Sufi order that claims to trace its direct spiritual lineage/chain (silsilah
) to the Islamic prophet Muhammad
, through Abu Bakr
, the first caliph
and Muhammad's companion. This lineage also indirectly connects to Ali
, Muhammad's cousin, son-in-law and the Fourth Caliph, via Jafar as-Sadiq. In contrast, most other Sufi orders (turuq) trace their lineage through Ali
.
It is considered that the transmission of spiritual lineage or silsilah, is directly from one Sheikh to another, at or after the time of death or burial. It is not tied to a country, family or political appointment, but is a direct heart to heart transmission. It is also considered that the appointed Sheikh will be in some communication with past Sheikhs. At any one time, there will of course be many other Sheikhs, who will all naturally owe their bay'ah
"spiritual allegiance" to the current master of the silsilah.
The Naqshbandi order owes many insights to Abu Ya'qub Yusuf al-Hamadani and Abd al-Khaliq al-Ghujdawani, who is regarded as the organizer of the practices and is responsible for placing stress upon the purely mental dhikr. It was later associated with Muhammad Baha ad-din an-Naqshabandi
, hence the name of the order. Some interpret the name translation as "the engravers (of the heart)", "related to the image-maker", "pattern maker", "image maker", "reformer of patterns", "way of the chain" and "golden chain."
The name has changed over the years. Originally called "as-Siddiqiyya", around the times of Bayazid al-Bistami to Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujdawani it was called at-Tayfuriyya, and from the times of 'Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujdawani to Shah Naqshband it was called the "Khwajagan
" or "Hodja". From the time of Shah Naqshband it has been called Naqshbandiyya.
, Quranic recital tajwid
, and hadith
, a disciple must have a master or ‘sheikh
’ from whom to take the knowledge, one who has himself taken it from a master, and so on, in a continuous chain of masters back to Muhammad. In Sufi tradition, this means not only that the present sheikh
has met and taken the way from a master, but that the master during his lifetime has explicitly and verifiably invested the disciple — whether in writing or in front of a number of witnesses — to teach the spiritual path as a fully authorized master (murshid ma’dhun) to succeeding generations of disciples.
Such transmission silsila
from an unbroken line of masters is one criterion that distinguishes a true or ‘connected’ Sufi path (tariqa muttasila), from an inauthentic or ‘dissevered’ path, (tariqa munqati‘a). The leader of a dissevered path may claim to be a sheikh
on the basis of an authorization given by a master in private or other unverifiable circumstance, or by a figure already passed from this world, such as one of the righteous person or Muhammad, or in a dream, or so on. These practices only “warm the heart” (yusta’nasu biha) but none meets Sufism’s condition that a sheikh
must have a clear authorization connecting him with Muhammad, one that is verified by others than himself. Many lies are told by people, and without publicly verifiable authorizations, the tariqa would be compromised by them.
In talking about the spiritual lineage, it is of the utmost importance to see how the transmissions took place. In Sheikh Hisham Kabbani's great book on the Grandsheikhs of the most Distinguised Naqshbandi tariqa, he gives the biography of each Grandsheikh, and also more importantly how the transmission passed from one Grandsheikh to another. This is a very detailed book and entitled "The Naqshbandi Sufi Way History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain". This book is published (citation) by KAZI PUBLICATIONS INC and also distributed by Amazon.com where it can be purchased online too. This book, in the most likelihood, contains some of the most authentic biographies to be found on the Naqshbandi Grandsheikhs today.
Moulana Sheikh Nazim was born in Larnaka, Nothern Cyprus in
the year 1922 on the 21st day of April. He was the mureed and
follower of the Great Sultan ul Awliya Sheikh Abdullah Faiz
Daghistani who was also the Khatm ul Awliya or the Seal of
Saints. After the passing away of Sheikh Abdullah in the year
1972 Moulana Sheikh Nazim became the Grandsheikh of the
Naqshabandi Tariqa. He is now living in Nothern Cyprus in
Lefke and he is 90 years old. He is the last Grandsheikh of the
Most Distinguished Naqshabandi Tariqa. He is a Seyyadi, which
means that he is from the bloodline of the Muhammad,
both from Hassani and Hussaini. On his father's side his great
ancestor was Sheikh Muhiyyudin Abdul Quadir Jailani and from
his mother's side his great ancestor was Moulana Jalaludin Rumi.
As the Grandmaster of Sufism and as the Grandsheikh of the
Naqshabandi Tariqa, Moulana Sheikh Nazim initiates his
followers into the Most Distinguished Naqshabandi Sufi Order.
This is what is meant by taking Bayyath. When the follower
takes Bayyath, he has then begun his journey to the Divine
Presence. Moulana Sheikh Nazim will then be with him always
and will gradually guide that follower to the Divine Presence.
According to the capacity and apptitude of the follower
Moulana Sheikh Nazim will give him Spiritual Advancement,
Spiritual Ranks and Spiritual Stations.
When the Eye of the Heart is opened up and Spiritual Unveiling
takes place, the follower will experience so many different
Spiritual States.
The goal of the follower in following Moulana Sheikh Nazim is
to enter into the Unity Oceans of Allah Almighty. Like a drop of
water that loses its identity when it falls into the Ocean, and
becomes the Ocean itself, the follower shall be made by
Moulana Sheikh Nazim to reach to the Unity Oceans of Allah
Almighty.
2. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq
3. Salman al Farsi
4. Al-Imam Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abu Bakr as-Siddiq
5. Al-Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq
6 Abu Yazid al Bistami
7. Abul Hasan al Kharqani
8. Abu Ali al Farmadi
9. Yusuf al Hamdani
10. Abul Abbas (Khidr, upon whom be peace)
11. Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujadawani
12. Arif Righwari
13. Mahmud al Faghnawi
14. Ali Ramitani
15. Muhammad Baba Sammasi
16. Seyyid Amir Kullal
17. Qutub at Tariqah Shah Bahauddin Naqshband al Uwaysi al Bukhari
18. Alauddin Muhammad al Attar
19. Ya'qub al Charkhy
20. Ubeydullah al Ahrar as-Samarqandi
21. Muhammad az Zahid
22. Dervish Muhammad al Bukhari
23. Hajegi Emkeneki as Samarqandi
24. Muhammad al Baqibillah as Samarqandi
25. Mujaddid al Alf ath Thani Imam Rabbani Ahmad Faruq as Sirhindi
26. Urwat ul Wuthqa Muhammad Ma'sum ar Rabbani
27. Haji Sayfuddin ar Rabbani
28. Nur Muhammad al Badwani
29. Habibullah Mizra Jan i Janan al Mazhar
30. Ghulam Ali Abdullah ad Dehlawi
31. Ziyauddin Abu Naasan Muhammad Khalid al Baghidadi ash Shami
32. Sheikh Ismail an Narani
33. Khas Muhammad Shirwani
34. Sheikh Muhammad Yaraghi
35. Sayyid Jamaluddin al Ghumuqi al-Husseini
36. Abu Ahmed as Sughuri
37. Abu Muhammad al Madani
38. Sayyid Sharafuddin ad Daghistani
39. Sheik Abdullah Faiz ad Daghistani
40. Sheikh Muhammad Nazim Adil al Haqqani al Qubrusi
This is also called the Naqshabandi - Haqanni Sufi order and is the most flourishing Naqshabandi order counting millions of followers. The leader of this order is Sultan ul Awliya Moulana Sheikh Nazim al Qibrusi, who lives at present in Northern Cyprus. This is undoubtedly the most active of all Naqshbandi orders with followers in every corner of the World. There are Murids (followers) in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and almost all of Europe, United States of America, Middle East, in Africa, in Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Malaysia,Indonesia, China, Japan, Australia , New Zealand, in Latin America, etc. In actual fact all over the World. According to some estimates this Sufi Order has over Sixty Million Mureeds.In almost every country in the world there are centres of this sufi Order. This order also has the largest Internet Presence. See http://sheiknazim.ws and http://naqshbandi.org, which are just two of the hundreds of websites of this order.There are also live transmissions made by Sultan ul Awliya Moulana Sheikh Nazim, the world leader of the most distinguished Naqshabandi Tariqa, which is broadcast all over the world by both http://Sufilive.com and http://www.saltanat.org.
Order has a unique spiritual lineage following Abu Bakr
. Uwais al-Qarni
was a hidden companion of Muhammad, who gave him his own vest, just before he died.
, who was "the Mujaddid or Reformer of the next 1000 years". The Mujaddidi Naqshbandis practice dhikr khafi (silent) and have strong emphasis on following the Sunnah
. The Naqshbandi Golden Chain
or silsilah
include (in date order):
The Naqshbandi Mjadadi Sirajia silsila is based in Pakistan in Kundia Shareef District Mianwali Punjab. Hazrat Khawaja Khalil ahmad is the current Sheikh of this silsila.
The Chain of the Honorable Mashaikh Naqshband
Excerpted from the "Shajarah Tayyibah"
Below is the silsilah of the tariqah Naqshbandia Mujaddidia Sirajia for Hazrat Khawajah Khalil Ahmad (damat barakatuhum)
1. Muhammad [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
2. Sayyedina Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
3. Hazrat Salman Farsi [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
4. Hazrat Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abi Bakr [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
5. Hazrat Imam Jafar Sadiq [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
6. Hazrat Khuwaja Bayazeed Bustami [Bastam].
7. Hazrat Khuwaja Abul Hasan Kharkani [Kharkhan].
8. Hazrat Khuwaja Abul Qasim Gorgani [Jarjan].
9. Hazrat Khuwaja Abu Ali Farmadi [Mashad].
10. Hazrat Khuwaja Yusuf Hamdani [Turkistan].
11. Hazrat Khuwaja Abdul Khaliq Gajadwani [Bukhara].
12. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Arif Riogri [Tajikistan].
13. Hazrat Khuwaja Mehmood Injir Faghnavi [Bukhara].
14. Hazrat Khuwaja Azizane Ali Raamitni [Bukhara].
15. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Baba Samasi [Bukhara].
16. Hazrat Khuwaja Sayyed Amir Kalal [Bukhara].
17. Hazrat Khuwaja Bahauddin Naqshband Bukhari [Bukhara].
18. Hazrat Khuwaja Ala'uddin Attar [Hassar].
19. Hazrat Khuwaja Yaqoob Charkhi [Dushanbe].
20. Hazrat Khuwaja Ubaidullah Ahrar [Samarqand].
21. Hazrat Khuwaja Maulana Muhammad Zahid [Hassar].
22. Hazrat Khuwaja Darvish Muhammad [Sher Sabz].
23. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Amkangi [Bukhara].
24. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Baqibillah [Delhi]
25. Hazrat Khuwaja Mujaddid Alf-Thani [Sirhind Sharif].
26. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Masoom [Sirhind Sharif].
27. Hazrat Khuwaja Saifuddin [Sirhind Sharif].
28. Hazrat Khuwaja Hafiz Muhammad Muhsin [Delhi].
29. Hazrat Khuwaja Sayed Nur Muhammad Badaiooni [Delhi].
30. Hazrat Mirza Mazhar Janejana [Delhi].
31. Hazrat Shah Ghulam Ali Mujaddidi [Delhi].
32. Hazrat Khuwaja Shah Abu Sa'eed [Delhi].
33. Hazrat Khuwaja Shah Ahmed Sa'eed Dehlvi [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
34. Hazrat Haji Dost Muhammad Kandhari [Musazai Sharif].
35. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Usman Damani [Musazai Sharif].
36. Hazrat Khuwaja Sirajuddin [Musazai Sharif].
37. Hazrat Khuwaja Abu Sa'ad Ahmed Khan [Kundia Sharif]
38. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Abdullah [Kundia Sharif]
39. Hazrat Khuwaja Khan Muhammad [Kundia Sharif]
40. Hadrat Khuwaja Khalil ahmad [Kundia Sharif]
Naqshbandi Tahiri Golden Chain
Based in Pakistan, and previously known as Fazali and Ghaffari (after Allah Bakhsh) branch, the Naqshbandi Tahiri order belongs to a Sheikh of Pakistan, Muhammad Tahir, better known as Mahboob Sajjan Saeen. The headquarters of this branch is at the Dargah in Allahabad, near Kandiaro, in the province of Sindh. And the Great Naqshbandi Sufi named Hadhrat Khawajah Mohammed Sardar Ahmad Ghaffariis the one who is alive is the Khalifa of Khawajah Abdul Ghaffar Fazli.His Golden chain is named as Shajra Shareef Naqshbandia Mujadadia Sardaria
is based in the village of Mohra Sharif
located in the Murree
hills of Punjab
, outside the Pakistani capital of Islamabad
. It became a spiritual center under Baba Ji Muhammad Qasim Sadiq (b. 1263 AH, 1847 CE).
Naqshbandia Mujaddidia Khalidia Mahmudia Golden Chain in Dagestan
Naqshbandi silsilah
beginning from Muhammad
is passed in chain till Ismail Kurdumeri (who is No31 in chain). After Ismail Kurdumeri the chain has split in two as he had two Ma'zuns, i.e. Muhammad Salih Shirwani (No32) and Khas Muhammad Shirwani. From Khas Muhammad Shirwani the chain goes to Muhammad Yaraghi ad-Daghestani, from him to Jamaluddin Kumuki ad-Daghestani, who had three Ma'zuns, i.e. Mamadibir ar-Rochi ad-Daghestani, Imam Shamil
ad-Daghestani (both had no Ma'zun), and `Abdurrahman as-Sughuri ad-Daghestani. According to Shuaib Afandi Bagini ad-Daghestani, `Abdurrahman as-Sughuri had two ma'zuns, i.e. Muhammad Haji `Obodi ad-Daghestani and Ilyas Tsudakhari ad-Daghestani (d1312 AH). Both had no ma'zuns, and thus the split chain coming from Khas Muhammad Shirwani has ended here. However, there were and still are many people including Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani, Abdullah Fa'izi ad-Daghestani and others claiming that they somehow received Naqshbandi permission in their dream, or by special spiritual experience (rawhani) etc. All these claims and questionable permissions are not recognized and rejected in Daghestan, as permission cannot be given by individuals who themselves had no permission, in dreams or by rawhani or without witnesses. There are strict requirements as to who gives the permission, how it is given and received.
The chain from Muhammad Salih Shirwani (No32) on the other hand, is continuous and goes all the way to Mahmud Afandi, Hasan Hilmi Afandi and the rest of the Daghestani Ma'zuns (see Naqshbandi Golden Chain#Naqshbandia Mujaddidia Khalidia Mahmudia Golden Chain in Dagestan).
Although false claims are being made in the above paragraph that Sheikh Sharafudin and Sheikh Abdullah are claiming to have received the secret through visions and dreams, we have conclusive proof that it was transmitted physically by Sheikh Abu Ahmad as Sughuri to Sheikh Mohamad al Madani and then to Sheikh Sharaffudin and thereafter to Sheikh Abdullah and now it is with Moulana Sheikh Nazim al Haqanni. We give the chain of transmission below :-
Shaykh Khalid al-Baghdadi, (q)
Shaykh Ismail Muhammad ash-Shirwani, (q)
Shaykh Khas Muhammad Shirwani, (q)
Shaykh Muhammad Effendi al-Yaraghi, (q)
Sayyid Jamaluddin al-Ghumuqi al-Husayni, (q)
Shaykh Abu Ahmad as-Sughuri, (q)
Shaykh Abu Muhammad al-Madani, (q)
Shaykh Sharafuddin Daghestani, (q)
Shaykh Abdullah al-Fa'iz ad-Daghestani, (q)
Mawlana Sheikh Nazim Al-Haqqani (q)
In proof of the above we are citing from Sheikh Hisham Kabbanis book "The Naqshbandi Sufi Way History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain"."The Naqshbandi Sufi Way History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain" kazi publication inc 1995.
In this book it is clearly stated under each of the Grandsheikhs as to how the Golden Chain continued. As regards to the contention above the above quoted book says the following :-
"He ( Sheikh Abu Ahmad as Sughuri) died in Sughur on the 17th of Rabi'ul-Awwal in the year 1299/1882 CE. at the age of 93.
Many years after he had passed away his daughter saw him in a dream. He told her, "O my daughter, the stone of my grave has fallen down and is laying on my chest, pressing on me and hurting me." The next day his daughter went to the Shaykhs of the city and told them that dream. She told the dream to everyone she met. The people believed the dream and went quickly to open up the grave. They found that the stone which covered his body had fallen down, and the walls of the grave had tumbled in around him. They found his body clean and unchanged. His shroud was still white, as if he had just been buried that same day.
They removed his body, redug the grave and replaced his body. Everyone was surprised and astonished at how he had come to her in the dream and told her about the situation in the grave. More surprising though, was the perfect condition of his body. After seeing this, they all took baycah with his successor, Sayyidina Abu Muhammad al-Madani.
Sayyidina Abu Ahmad as-Sughuri had two khalifs: Abu Muhammad al-Madani and Shaykh Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani. The secret of the Golden Chain was passed to the first, and upon his death, to the second."
We also give as proof of what we saying to be found in the following link in the Naqshbandi.org website. We give link to same http://www.naqshbandi.org/chain/names.htm
For further proof of what we are saying, in late October 2011 that a delegation from Dagestan visited Moulana Sheikh Nazim the present leader of the Naqshabandi Haqqani order and even took bayyath from him. In proof of which we are giving the following link to the video to be found in the Sultanate Website. The link is http://www.saltanat.org/SaltanatTV/tabid/210/Default.aspx and see speech by Sheikh Nazim Haqanni entitled “Dagestan” dated 29 October 2011
brought the Naqshbandi order to China, creating the Khufiyya Hua Si Sufi menhuan. Ma Mingxin
, also brought the Naqshbandi order, creating the Jahriyya
menhuan. These two menhuan were rivals, and fought against each other. These Menhuan played major roles in the Dungan revolt, and Dungan Revolt (1895)
.
All the Chinese Muslim Generals of the Ma Clique
belonged to Naqshbandi Sufi menhuan. Prominent Generals included Ma Zhan'ao
, Ma Anliang
, Ma Fulu
, Ma Fuxiang
, Ma Hongkui
, Ma Hongbin
, Ma Qi
, Ma Bufang
, and Ma Buqing
. Ma Shaowu
, and Ma Yuanzhang were other prominent leaders from the Jahriyya Naqshbandi menhuan.
Today you may find many Murids of the Naqshbandi- Haqqani order in China.
During the last two decades of the 19th century two other versions of Naqshbandiyya spread in Egypt. One of these was introduced by a Sudanese, alSharif Isma'il al-Sinnari. Al-Sinnari had been initiated into the Khalidiyya and Mujaddidiyya by various sheikhs during his time in Mecca and Medina. Initially, he tried to obtain a following in Cairo but was not able to, therefore he resorted going to Sudan. It is from there that the order spread into Upper Egypt from 1870 onward under Musa Mu’awwad, who was al-Sinnari's successor. Muhaamad al-Laythi, son of al-Sinnari, was the successor after Mu’awwad's death.
The Judiyya and the Khalidiyya branches spread in the last decades of the 19th century and continued to grow and are still active today. Khalidiyya of Muhammad Amin al-Kurdi is headed by his son Najm a-Din. The Judiyya split into three main branches:one led by the founder's son Isa, another led by Iliwa Atiyya in Cairo, and another led by Judah Muhammad Abu’l-Yazid al-Hahdi in Tanta.
Unfortunately, none of the early takiyas survived far into the 20th century. The longest living group of takiya based Naqshbandis lived in the takiya of sheikh Ahmad Ashiq, which closed in 1954. This is when all the takiyas in Egypt were closed and the awqaf supporting these establishments were taken over by the Ministry of Awqaf. The buildings were either assigned a different function or demolished as part of urban renovation programs.
The only Naqshbandi branch to have survived till recently is the one based in the zawiya al-Uzbakiyya in Jerusalem. The number of members of this branch increased at the end of the 19th century. When political leader Musa Bukhar died in 1973, the pre-Mujaddidi line of the Naqshbandiyya in Greater Syria came to an end. In Syria and Lebanon, the leaders of every active Naqshbandiyya group has a silsila going back to sheikh Khalid of the Khalidiyya. The Khalidiyya is a Naqshbandi order found in Syria and Lebanon having continued from the days of Khalid.
This branch has also retained the original Naqshbandiyya way. The Farmadiyya branch, which practices silent and vocal dhikr, is another still present in Lebanon and is named after Ali-Farmadi.
We shall speak about the Great Grandsheikh Abdullah Dagestani,(Haqqani-Naqshbandi order) and quote a small passage from his Biography written by Sheikh Hisham Kabbani :-
"Sheikh Abdullah moved to oms, where he visited the mosque and tomb of the Companion of the Prophet , Khalid ibn al-Walid. He stayed briefly in oms. He moved to Damascus, in the Midan District, near the tomb of Sa`d ad-Din Jibawi, a saint from the family of the Prophet . There he established the first zawiya for the branch of the Naqshbandi Order which had gone to Daghestan. With him the Golden Chain of the Naqshbandi Order which had gone from Damascus to India, Baghdad, and Daghestan, now returned to Damascus.
His two daughters were married, Rabiha had four children, three girls and one boy. Madiha was married to Shaykh Tawfiq al-Hibri, one of the great Islamic scholars of Lebanon.
Soon people began to crowd into his zawiya. They arrived there from all over the city: Sufis, government people, businessmen, and common people. Murids were coming every day to sit at the door of his khaniqah. Daily they served food to hundreds, many of whom also slept there.
Then he received a spiritual order to move to the Mountain of Qasyun. It is the highest point in Damascus, from whose vantage the entire city can be viewed. With the help of his two senior murids, Shaykh Muhammad Nazim `Adil and Shaykh Husayn `Ali, he built a house. This house and the mosque next to it still stand, and the mosque is the site of his maqam (tomb). He saw in a vision, while he was building the mosque, that the Prophet , with Shah Naqshband and Sayyidina Ahmad al-Faruqi, came and put posts to mark the shape and location of the walls of the mosque. As soon as the vision ended, the markers were visible, and everyone present saw them. At that mosque, over the years, hundreds of thousands of visitors were received: for healing, for prayers, for training, for all kinds of external and internal knowledge."
It was in Damascus, Syria, that Grandsheikh Abdullah Dagestani, preached from, and also passed away. His blessed tomb is to be found in Damascus. It is estimated that a massive crowd of about 400,000 people attended his funeral ( see Sheikh Hisham kabbani's book on the Forty Grandsheikhs of the Naqshbandi Tariqa.) The Naqshbandi- Haqqani branch to which Sheikh Abdullah belongs is today lead by his successor Sultan ul awliya Moulana Sheikh Nazim and is very active in Syria.
Dagestan
Naqshbandi silsilah
beginning from Muhammad
is passed in chain till Ismail Kurdumeri (who is No31 in chain). After Ismail Kurdumeri the chain has split in two as he had two Ma'zuns, i.e. Muhammad Salih Shirwani (No32) and Khas Muhammad Shirwani. From Khas Muhammad Shirwani the chain goes to Muhammad Yaraghi ad-Daghestani, from him to Jamaluddin Kumuki ad-Daghestani, who had three Ma'zuns, i.e. Mamadibir ar-Rochi ad-Daghestani, Imam Shamil
ad-Daghestani (both had no Ma'zun), and `Abdurrahman as-Sughuri ad-Daghestani. According to Shuaib Afandi Bagini ad-Daghestani, `Abdurrahman as-Sughuri had two ma'zuns, i.e. Muhammad Haji `Obodi ad-Daghestani and Ilyas Tsudakhari ad-Daghestani (d1312 AH). Both had no ma'zuns, and thus the split chain coming from Khas Muhammad Shirwani has ended here. However, there were and still are many people including Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani, Abdullah al-Fa'iz ad-Daghestani Abdullah Fa'izi ad-Daghestani
and others claiming that they somehow received Naqshbandi permission in their dream, or by special spiritual experience (rawhani) etc. All these claims and questionable permissions are not recognized and rejected in Daghestan, as permission cannot be given by individuals who themselves had no permission, in dreams or by rawhani or without witnesses. There are strict requirements as to who gives the permission, how it is given and received.
The chain from Muhammad Salih Shirwani (No32) on the other hand, is continuous and goes all the way to Mahmud Afandi, Hasan Hilmi Afandi and the rest of the Daghestani Ma'zuns (see Naqshbandi Golden Chain#Naqshbandia Mujaddidia Khalidia Mahmudia Golden Chain in Dagestan).
Although false claims are being made in the above paragraph that Sheikh Sharafudin and Sheikh Abdullah are claiming to have received the secret through visions and dreams, we have conclusive proof that it was transmitted physically by ( Sheikh Abu Ahmad as Sughuri to Sheikh Mohamad al Madani and then to Sheikh Sharaffudin and thereafter to Sheikh Abdullah and now it is with Moulana Sheikh Nazim al Haqanni. We give the chain of transmission below :-
Shaykh Khalid al-Baghdadi, (q)
Shaykh Ismail Muhammad ash-Shirwani, (q)
Shaykh Khas Muhammad Shirwani, (q)
Shaykh Muhammad Effendi al-Yaraghi, (q)
Sayyid Jamaluddin al-Ghumuqi al-Husayni, (q)
Shaykh Abu Ahmad as-Sughuri, (q)
Shaykh Abu Muhammad al-Madani, (q)
Shaykh Sharafuddin Daghestani, (q)
Shaykh Abdullah al-Fa'iz ad-Daghestani, (q)
Mawlana Sheikh Nazim Al-Haqqani (q)
In proof of the above we are citing from Sheikh Hisham Kabbanis book "The Naqshbandi Sufi Way History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain". In this book it is clearly stated under each of the Grandsheikhs as to how the Golden Chain continued. As regards to the contention above the above quoted book says the following :-
"He ( Sheikh Abu Ahmad as Sughuri) died in Sughur on the 17th of Rabi'ul-Awwal in the year 1299/1882 CE. at the age of 93.
Many years after he had passed away his daughter saw him in a dream. He told her, "O my daughter, the stone of my grave has fallen down and is laying on my chest, pressing on me and hurting me." The next day his daughter went to the Shaykhs of the city and told them that dream. She told the dream to everyone she met. The people believed the dream and went quickly to open up the grave. They found that the stone which covered his body had fallen down, and the walls of the grave had tumbled in around him. They found his body clean and unchanged. His shroud was still white, as if he had just been buried that same day.
They removed his body, redug the grave and replaced his body. Everyone was surprised and astonished at how he had come to her in the dream and told her about the situation in the grave. More surprising though, was the perfect condition of his body. After seeing this, they all took baycah with his successor, Sayyidina Abu Muhammad al-Madani.
Sayyidina Abu Ahmad as-Sughuri had two khalifs: Abu Muhammad al-Madani and Shaykh Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani. The secret of the Golden Chain was passed to the first, and upon his death, to the second."
We also give as proof of what we saying to be found in the following link in the Naqshbandi.org website. We give link to same http://www.naqshbandi.org/chain/names.htm
For further proof of what we are saying, in late October 2011 that a delegation from Dagestan visited Moulana Sheikh Nazim the present leader of the Naqshabandi Haqqani order and even took bayyath from him. In proof of which we are giving the following link to the video to be found in the Sultanate Website. The link is http://www.saltanat.org/SaltanatTV/tabid/210/Default.aspx and see speech by Sheikh Nazim Haqanni entitled “Dagestan” dated 29 October 2011.This proves that there are many murids in Dagestani who have given allegiance to the Haqqani-naqshabandiya order.
Among his disciples were Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
(No 25 in the Naqshbandi Golden Chain) and Sheikh Abdul Haq of Dihli. After his death, his student, Sheikh Ahmad primarily took over. Sheikh Ahmad was born in 1561 and his father Makhdum Abdul Ahmad was from a high sufi order. He completed his religious and secular studies at the age of 17. Later he became known as Mujaddad-i-Alf-i-Thani. It was through him that the order gained popularity within a short period of time.
Sheikh Ahmad broke away from earlier mystic traditions and propounded his theory of the unity of the phenomenal world. In particular, he spoke out against innovations introduced by sufis. For instance, he opposed Emperor Akbar's views on Hindu and Muslim marriages. He stated, "Muslims should follow their religion, and non-Muslims their ways, as the Qur'an enjoins 'for you yours and for me my religion'". Also he did not believe in keeping the state and ruler separate and worked hard to change the outlook of the ruling class. After his death, his work was continued by his sons and descendants.
During the 19th century two Naqshbandiyya saints made significant contributions to the silsila by restating some of its basic ideological postures. Shah Wali Allah played an important role in the religious sciences, particularly the hadith and translated the Qur'an into Persian. He also looked at a fresh interpretation of Islamic teachings in the light of the new issues. Furthermore, he played a significant role in the political developments of the period.
Today, in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Brunei etc , there are found many murids who follow the Haqqani-Naqshbandiya Sufi order. The King of Brunei and the Prince of Malaysia, Raja Asman are murids who follow this order. This order is extemely active in the countries mentioned.
Grandshaykh Abdullah, before he passed away said in his will, "By the Order of the Prophet (s), I have trained and lifted up my successor, Nazim Effendi, and put him through many seclusions and trained him in severe training and I am assigning him to be my successor. I am seeing that in the future he will spread this Order through East and West. Allah will make all kinds of people, rich and poor, scholars and politicians, come to him, learn from him and take the Naqshbandi Order, at the end of the 20th Century and the beginning of the 21st Century. It will spread all over the world, such that not one continent will be devoid of its sweet scent."
"I see him establishing and founding huge headquarters in London through which he will spread this tariqat to Europe, the Far East, and America. He will spread sincerity, love, piety, harmony, and happiness among people, and all shall leave behind ugliness, terrorism, and politics. He will spread the knowledge of peace within the heart, the knowledge of peace within communities, the knowledge of peace between nations, in order that wars and struggles will be taken away from this world and peace will become the dominating factor. I am seeing young people running to him from everywhere, asking for his barakah and blessings. He will show them the way to keep their obligations in the Islamic tradition, to be moderate, to live in peace with everyone of every religion, to leave hatred and enmity. Religion is for Allah and Allah is the judge of His servants."
That prediction has come to pass, just as Grandshaykh `Abdullah had described it. In the year after Grandshaykh (q) passed away in 1973, Mawlana Shaykh Nazim made his first return trip to Turkey, visiting Bursa. Then he went to London. Many young people, especially the followers of John Bennett, came to meet him. As many people began coming to hear him he established his first center there in 1974.
He followed his first visit with annual visits to England and the Continent during and after Ramadan. The Order spread quickly, penetrating all of Europe, together with the United States, Canada and South America. He opened three centers in London for training people in the ways of spirituality, removing their depression and lifting them to a state of peace in their hearts. His teachings continued to spread to all parts of Europe, North Africa, Southern Africa, the Gulf countries, America, North and South, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Russia and parts of China, Australia and New Zealand.
You cannot find in the countries we have named and countries we have not named, a place where the touch of Shaykh Nazim is not felt. This is what differentiates him from all saints that are living now and all saints that came before. You find all languages are spoken in his presence. Every year, in the month of Ramadan, a huge conference is held in London, which more than 5,000 people attend from all over the world. As Allah said, "We made you nations and tribes that you might know one another" [49:13].
His followers come from all walks of life. You find the poor, the middle class, the wealthy, the businessman, the doctor, the lawyer, the psychiatrist, the astronomer, the plumber, the carpenter, Ministers of government, politicians, senators, parliament members, prime ministers, presidents, kings, sultans, and royalty of all kinds, everyone attracted to his simplicity, to his smile, to his light and to his spirituality. Thus he is known as the multicolored, Universal Shaykh.
His sayings and associations (sohbet) have been collected and published in many books that are available. These include the Mercy Oceans series, which number more than 35 books, thousands of feet of videotapes, and thousands and thousands of hours of audiotapes.
His life is always intensely active. He is a traveler in Allah's Way, never staying home, always moving from one place to another. One day he is in the East and the next he is in the West. One day he is in the North and the next he is in the South. You don't know where he will be from one day to the next. He is always meeting with officials to encourage reconciliation and peace and preservation of the natural world. He is always sowing the seeds of love and peace and harmony in the hearts of mankind. We hope that in the spirit of his teachings all religions will find paths to reconciliation and leave behind differences to live in peace and harmony."
See Link http://www.naqshbandi.org/chain/40.htm
Sufism
Sufism or ' is defined by its adherents as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a '...
spiritual orders (tariqa) of Sufi Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
. It is considered to be a "Potent" order.
The Naqshbandi order is over 1,300 years old, and is active today. It is the only Sufi order that claims to trace its direct spiritual lineage/chain (silsilah
Silsilah
Silsila is an Arabic word meaning chain, often used in various senses of lineage. In particular, it may be translated as " order" or "genealogy". It is derived from the notion of apostolic succession.- Historical importance :...
) to the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
, through Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr was a senior companion and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632-634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death...
, the first caliph
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
and Muhammad's companion. This lineage also indirectly connects to Ali
Ali
' |Ramaḍān]], 40 AH; approximately October 23, 598 or 600 or March 17, 599 – January 27, 661).His father's name was Abu Talib. Ali was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and ruled over the Islamic Caliphate from 656 to 661, and was the first male convert to Islam...
, Muhammad's cousin, son-in-law and the Fourth Caliph, via Jafar as-Sadiq. In contrast, most other Sufi orders (turuq) trace their lineage through Ali
Ali
' |Ramaḍān]], 40 AH; approximately October 23, 598 or 600 or March 17, 599 – January 27, 661).His father's name was Abu Talib. Ali was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and ruled over the Islamic Caliphate from 656 to 661, and was the first male convert to Islam...
.
It is considered that the transmission of spiritual lineage or silsilah, is directly from one Sheikh to another, at or after the time of death or burial. It is not tied to a country, family or political appointment, but is a direct heart to heart transmission. It is also considered that the appointed Sheikh will be in some communication with past Sheikhs. At any one time, there will of course be many other Sheikhs, who will all naturally owe their bay'ah
Bay'ah
Bay'ah , in Islamic terminology, is an oath of allegiance to a leader. It is known to have been practiced by the Islamic prophet Muhammad...
"spiritual allegiance" to the current master of the silsilah.
The Naqshbandi order owes many insights to Abu Ya'qub Yusuf al-Hamadani and Abd al-Khaliq al-Ghujdawani, who is regarded as the organizer of the practices and is responsible for placing stress upon the purely mental dhikr. It was later associated with Muhammad Baha ad-din an-Naqshabandi
Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari
Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari was the founder of what would become the Naqshbandi. He was born in Bukhara which is located in Uzbekistan...
, hence the name of the order. Some interpret the name translation as "the engravers (of the heart)", "related to the image-maker", "pattern maker", "image maker", "reformer of patterns", "way of the chain" and "golden chain."
The name has changed over the years. Originally called "as-Siddiqiyya", around the times of Bayazid al-Bistami to Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujdawani it was called at-Tayfuriyya, and from the times of 'Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujdawani to Shah Naqshband it was called the "Khwajagan
Khwajagan
Khwājagān is a Persian title for "the Master". Khwajagan is a word often used to refer to a chain of Central Asian Naqshbandi Sufi Masters from the 10th to the 16th century...
" or "Hodja". From the time of Shah Naqshband it has been called Naqshbandiyya.
Criteria of a Sufi Naqshbandi Sheikh
The following would always apply to genuine Sufi Naqshbandi teachers or Sheikhs:- They comply with ShariaShariaSharia law, is the moral code and religious law of Islam. Sharia is derived from two primary sources of Islamic law: the precepts set forth in the Quran, and the example set by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Sunnah. Fiqh jurisprudence interprets and extends the application of sharia to...
. They must be a Aalim. There is no sufism without IlmIlm (Arabic)‘Ilm as an Islamic term refers to knowledge of Islam. The Qur'an is said to encourage the acquisition of knowledge. It explains the study and development of sciences during the Golden Age of Islam....
. - They regularly acknowledge the silsilah to which they give allegiance.
- They openly and regularly defer to the current leader of the silsilah.
- Bay'ah is given to the leader of the silsilah, not the local teacher or Sheikh.
- They accept interaction with other murids of the order.
- They don't accept ijazahIjazahAn ijazah is a certificate used primarily by Sunni Muslims to indicate that one has been authorized by a higher authority to transmit a certain subject or text of Islamic knowledge...
from dead persons, or in dreams, or through special spiritual experience (rawhani). There are exceptions to this rule according to the Uwaisiya concept of transmission where someone who lived before can train and initiate and transmit knowledge to someone who came later. - They accept mostly written ijazahIjazahAn ijazah is a certificate used primarily by Sunni Muslims to indicate that one has been authorized by a higher authority to transmit a certain subject or text of Islamic knowledge...
in live, in presence of witnesses.
Spiritual Lineage of the Tariqa
In Sufism, as in any serious Islamic discipline such as jurisprudence fiqhFiqh
Fiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the code of conduct expounded in the Quran, often supplemented by tradition and implemented by the rulings and interpretations of Islamic jurists....
, Quranic recital tajwid
Tajwid
Tajwīd is an Arabic word for elocution, meaning proper pronunciation during recitation, as well as recitation at a moderate speed. It is a set of rules which govern how the Qur'an should be read. It is derived from the triliteral root , meaning to make well, make better, or improve. It is...
, and hadith
Hadith
The term Hadīth is used to denote a saying or an act or tacit approval or criticism ascribed either validly or invalidly to the Islamic prophet Muhammad....
, a disciple must have a master or ‘sheikh
Sheikh
Not to be confused with sikhSheikh — also spelled Sheik or Shaikh, or transliterated as Shaykh — is an honorific in the Arabic language that literally means "elder" and carries the meaning "leader and/or governor"...
’ from whom to take the knowledge, one who has himself taken it from a master, and so on, in a continuous chain of masters back to Muhammad. In Sufi tradition, this means not only that the present sheikh
Sheikh
Not to be confused with sikhSheikh — also spelled Sheik or Shaikh, or transliterated as Shaykh — is an honorific in the Arabic language that literally means "elder" and carries the meaning "leader and/or governor"...
has met and taken the way from a master, but that the master during his lifetime has explicitly and verifiably invested the disciple — whether in writing or in front of a number of witnesses — to teach the spiritual path as a fully authorized master (murshid ma’dhun) to succeeding generations of disciples.
Such transmission silsila
Silsila
Silsila is a 1981 Bollywood film directed by Yash Chopra. The film stars Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bhaduri, Sanjeev Kumar and Rekha, with Shashi Kapoor in a special appearance.-Plot:...
from an unbroken line of masters is one criterion that distinguishes a true or ‘connected’ Sufi path (tariqa muttasila), from an inauthentic or ‘dissevered’ path, (tariqa munqati‘a). The leader of a dissevered path may claim to be a sheikh
Sheikh
Not to be confused with sikhSheikh — also spelled Sheik or Shaikh, or transliterated as Shaykh — is an honorific in the Arabic language that literally means "elder" and carries the meaning "leader and/or governor"...
on the basis of an authorization given by a master in private or other unverifiable circumstance, or by a figure already passed from this world, such as one of the righteous person or Muhammad, or in a dream, or so on. These practices only “warm the heart” (yusta’nasu biha) but none meets Sufism’s condition that a sheikh
Sheikh
Not to be confused with sikhSheikh — also spelled Sheik or Shaikh, or transliterated as Shaykh — is an honorific in the Arabic language that literally means "elder" and carries the meaning "leader and/or governor"...
must have a clear authorization connecting him with Muhammad, one that is verified by others than himself. Many lies are told by people, and without publicly verifiable authorizations, the tariqa would be compromised by them.
In talking about the spiritual lineage, it is of the utmost importance to see how the transmissions took place. In Sheikh Hisham Kabbani's great book on the Grandsheikhs of the most Distinguised Naqshbandi tariqa, he gives the biography of each Grandsheikh, and also more importantly how the transmission passed from one Grandsheikh to another. This is a very detailed book and entitled "The Naqshbandi Sufi Way History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain". This book is published (citation) by KAZI PUBLICATIONS INC and also distributed by Amazon.com where it can be purchased online too. This book, in the most likelihood, contains some of the most authentic biographies to be found on the Naqshbandi Grandsheikhs today.
Sheikhs of the Tariqa
Sultan ul Awliya Moulana Sheikh Nazim http://sheiknazim.wsMoulana Sheikh Nazim was born in Larnaka, Nothern Cyprus in
the year 1922 on the 21st day of April. He was the mureed and
follower of the Great Sultan ul Awliya Sheikh Abdullah Faiz
Daghistani who was also the Khatm ul Awliya or the Seal of
Saints. After the passing away of Sheikh Abdullah in the year
1972 Moulana Sheikh Nazim became the Grandsheikh of the
Naqshabandi Tariqa. He is now living in Nothern Cyprus in
Lefke and he is 90 years old. He is the last Grandsheikh of the
Most Distinguished Naqshabandi Tariqa. He is a Seyyadi, which
means that he is from the bloodline of the Muhammad,
both from Hassani and Hussaini. On his father's side his great
ancestor was Sheikh Muhiyyudin Abdul Quadir Jailani and from
his mother's side his great ancestor was Moulana Jalaludin Rumi.
As the Grandmaster of Sufism and as the Grandsheikh of the
Naqshabandi Tariqa, Moulana Sheikh Nazim initiates his
followers into the Most Distinguished Naqshabandi Sufi Order.
This is what is meant by taking Bayyath. When the follower
takes Bayyath, he has then begun his journey to the Divine
Presence. Moulana Sheikh Nazim will then be with him always
and will gradually guide that follower to the Divine Presence.
According to the capacity and apptitude of the follower
Moulana Sheikh Nazim will give him Spiritual Advancement,
Spiritual Ranks and Spiritual Stations.
When the Eye of the Heart is opened up and Spiritual Unveiling
takes place, the follower will experience so many different
Spiritual States.
The goal of the follower in following Moulana Sheikh Nazim is
to enter into the Unity Oceans of Allah Almighty. Like a drop of
water that loses its identity when it falls into the Ocean, and
becomes the Ocean itself, the follower shall be made by
Moulana Sheikh Nazim to reach to the Unity Oceans of Allah
Almighty.
Nazim Haqqani Naqshabandi Golden Chain
1. Muhammad Mustafa (sal)2. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq
3. Salman al Farsi
4. Al-Imam Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abu Bakr as-Siddiq
5. Al-Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq
6 Abu Yazid al Bistami
7. Abul Hasan al Kharqani
8. Abu Ali al Farmadi
9. Yusuf al Hamdani
10. Abul Abbas (Khidr, upon whom be peace)
11. Abdul Khaliq al-Ghujadawani
12. Arif Righwari
13. Mahmud al Faghnawi
14. Ali Ramitani
15. Muhammad Baba Sammasi
16. Seyyid Amir Kullal
17. Qutub at Tariqah Shah Bahauddin Naqshband al Uwaysi al Bukhari
18. Alauddin Muhammad al Attar
19. Ya'qub al Charkhy
20. Ubeydullah al Ahrar as-Samarqandi
21. Muhammad az Zahid
22. Dervish Muhammad al Bukhari
23. Hajegi Emkeneki as Samarqandi
24. Muhammad al Baqibillah as Samarqandi
25. Mujaddid al Alf ath Thani Imam Rabbani Ahmad Faruq as Sirhindi
26. Urwat ul Wuthqa Muhammad Ma'sum ar Rabbani
27. Haji Sayfuddin ar Rabbani
28. Nur Muhammad al Badwani
29. Habibullah Mizra Jan i Janan al Mazhar
30. Ghulam Ali Abdullah ad Dehlawi
31. Ziyauddin Abu Naasan Muhammad Khalid al Baghidadi ash Shami
32. Sheikh Ismail an Narani
33. Khas Muhammad Shirwani
34. Sheikh Muhammad Yaraghi
35. Sayyid Jamaluddin al Ghumuqi al-Husseini
36. Abu Ahmed as Sughuri
37. Abu Muhammad al Madani
38. Sayyid Sharafuddin ad Daghistani
39. Sheik Abdullah Faiz ad Daghistani
40. Sheikh Muhammad Nazim Adil al Haqqani al Qubrusi
This is also called the Naqshabandi - Haqanni Sufi order and is the most flourishing Naqshabandi order counting millions of followers. The leader of this order is Sultan ul Awliya Moulana Sheikh Nazim al Qibrusi, who lives at present in Northern Cyprus. This is undoubtedly the most active of all Naqshbandi orders with followers in every corner of the World. There are Murids (followers) in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and almost all of Europe, United States of America, Middle East, in Africa, in Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Malaysia,Indonesia, China, Japan, Australia , New Zealand, in Latin America, etc. In actual fact all over the World. According to some estimates this Sufi Order has over Sixty Million Mureeds.In almost every country in the world there are centres of this sufi Order. This order also has the largest Internet Presence. See http://sheiknazim.ws and http://naqshbandi.org, which are just two of the hundreds of websites of this order.There are also live transmissions made by Sultan ul Awliya Moulana Sheikh Nazim, the world leader of the most distinguished Naqshabandi Tariqa, which is broadcast all over the world by both http://Sufilive.com and http://www.saltanat.org.
Owaisiah Golden Chain
The Naqshbandia OwaisiahNaqshbandia Owaisiah
Naqshbandi Owaisia Order is one of the major Sufi orders of Islam. Formed in 1380, the order is considered by some to be a "sober" order known for its silent dhikr rather than the vocalized forms common in other orders.-Description:The Naqshbandi order is notable as it is the only Sufism order...
Order has a unique spiritual lineage following Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr was a senior companion and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632-634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death...
. Uwais al-Qarni
Uwais al-Qarni
Uwais Qarni, known also as Saint Uwais Qarni was a Muslim mystic, martyr and philosopher of Yemen who lived during the lifetime of Muhammad, but never met Muhammad personally. As reported by the renowned historical scholar Ibn Battuta, Uwais' tomb is found in Ar-Raqqah, Syria, where he was killed...
was a hidden companion of Muhammad, who gave him his own vest, just before he died.
Naqshbandiyyah al-Mujaddidi Golden Chain
This is most significant golden chain of Naqshbandi order found today. This comprises the main order, offshoots of which later spread throughout the world. It is named after Ahmad SirhindiAhmad Sirhindi
Imām Rabbānī Shaykh Ahmad al-Farūqī al-Sirhindī was an Indian Islamic scholar from Punjab, a Hanafi jurist, and a prominent member of the Naqshbandī Sufi order. He is described as Mujaddid Alf Thānī, meaning the "reviver of the second millennium", for his work in rejuvenating Islam and opposing...
, who was "the Mujaddid or Reformer of the next 1000 years". The Mujaddidi Naqshbandis practice dhikr khafi (silent) and have strong emphasis on following the Sunnah
Sunnah
The word literally means a clear, well trodden, busy and plain surfaced road. In the discussion of the sources of religion, Sunnah denotes the practice of Prophet Muhammad that he taught and practically instituted as a teacher of the sharī‘ah and the best exemplar...
. The Naqshbandi Golden Chain
Naqshbandi Golden Chain
The Naqshbandi Golden Chain is a lineage of spiritual masters of the Naqshbandi Sufi order related to each other going back to the Islamic prophet Muhammad...
or silsilah
Silsilah
Silsila is an Arabic word meaning chain, often used in various senses of lineage. In particular, it may be translated as " order" or "genealogy". It is derived from the notion of apostolic succession.- Historical importance :...
include (in date order):
Naqshbandia Mujaddadia Sirajia Golden Chain
The Naqshbandia Mujaddadia Sirajia Golden Chain is based in Pakistan.The Naqshbandi Mjadadi Sirajia silsila is based in Pakistan in Kundia Shareef District Mianwali Punjab. Hazrat Khawaja Khalil ahmad is the current Sheikh of this silsila.
The Chain of the Honorable Mashaikh Naqshband
Excerpted from the "Shajarah Tayyibah"
Below is the silsilah of the tariqah Naqshbandia Mujaddidia Sirajia for Hazrat Khawajah Khalil Ahmad (damat barakatuhum)
1. Muhammad [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
2. Sayyedina Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
3. Hazrat Salman Farsi [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
4. Hazrat Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abi Bakr [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
5. Hazrat Imam Jafar Sadiq [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
6. Hazrat Khuwaja Bayazeed Bustami [Bastam].
7. Hazrat Khuwaja Abul Hasan Kharkani [Kharkhan].
8. Hazrat Khuwaja Abul Qasim Gorgani [Jarjan].
9. Hazrat Khuwaja Abu Ali Farmadi [Mashad].
10. Hazrat Khuwaja Yusuf Hamdani [Turkistan].
11. Hazrat Khuwaja Abdul Khaliq Gajadwani [Bukhara].
12. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Arif Riogri [Tajikistan].
13. Hazrat Khuwaja Mehmood Injir Faghnavi [Bukhara].
14. Hazrat Khuwaja Azizane Ali Raamitni [Bukhara].
15. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Baba Samasi [Bukhara].
16. Hazrat Khuwaja Sayyed Amir Kalal [Bukhara].
17. Hazrat Khuwaja Bahauddin Naqshband Bukhari [Bukhara].
18. Hazrat Khuwaja Ala'uddin Attar [Hassar].
19. Hazrat Khuwaja Yaqoob Charkhi [Dushanbe].
20. Hazrat Khuwaja Ubaidullah Ahrar [Samarqand].
21. Hazrat Khuwaja Maulana Muhammad Zahid [Hassar].
22. Hazrat Khuwaja Darvish Muhammad [Sher Sabz].
23. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Amkangi [Bukhara].
24. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Baqibillah [Delhi]
25. Hazrat Khuwaja Mujaddid Alf-Thani [Sirhind Sharif].
26. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Masoom [Sirhind Sharif].
27. Hazrat Khuwaja Saifuddin [Sirhind Sharif].
28. Hazrat Khuwaja Hafiz Muhammad Muhsin [Delhi].
29. Hazrat Khuwaja Sayed Nur Muhammad Badaiooni [Delhi].
30. Hazrat Mirza Mazhar Janejana [Delhi].
31. Hazrat Shah Ghulam Ali Mujaddidi [Delhi].
32. Hazrat Khuwaja Shah Abu Sa'eed [Delhi].
33. Hazrat Khuwaja Shah Ahmed Sa'eed Dehlvi [City of Madinah Munawwarah].
34. Hazrat Haji Dost Muhammad Kandhari [Musazai Sharif].
35. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Usman Damani [Musazai Sharif].
36. Hazrat Khuwaja Sirajuddin [Musazai Sharif].
37. Hazrat Khuwaja Abu Sa'ad Ahmed Khan [Kundia Sharif]
38. Hazrat Khuwaja Muhammad Abdullah [Kundia Sharif]
39. Hazrat Khuwaja Khan Muhammad [Kundia Sharif]
40. Hadrat Khuwaja Khalil ahmad [Kundia Sharif]
Naqshbandi Mujadadi Ghafori Golden chain
The Naqshbandi Mujadadi Ghafori Golden Chain or silsilahSilsilah
Silsila is an Arabic word meaning chain, often used in various senses of lineage. In particular, it may be translated as " order" or "genealogy". It is derived from the notion of apostolic succession.- Historical importance :...
Naqshbandi Mujadadi Saifi Golden chain
This Mujaddadi chain continues through Muhammad al-Masum to Akhundzada Pir Saif-ur-Rahman Mubarak through various Naqshbandi shuyukh mainly in Afghan and surrounding regions. Naqshbandi Tahiri Golden ChainNaqshbandi Tahiri Golden ChainNaqshbandi Tahiri Golden Chain is the spiritual chain of successors of the Naqshbandi Sufi order which descendants on Khwaja Muhammad Tahir Bakhshi Naqshbandi commonly known as Sajjan Saeen...
Based in Pakistan, and previously known as Fazali and Ghaffari (after Allah Bakhsh) branch, the Naqshbandi Tahiri order belongs to a Sheikh of Pakistan, Muhammad Tahir, better known as Mahboob Sajjan Saeen. The headquarters of this branch is at the Dargah in Allahabad, near Kandiaro, in the province of Sindh. And the Great Naqshbandi Sufi named Hadhrat Khawajah Mohammed Sardar Ahmad Ghaffariis the one who is alive is the Khalifa of Khawajah Abdul Ghaffar Fazli.His Golden chain is named as Shajra Shareef Naqshbandia Mujadadia SardariaNaqshbandi Mujadadi Makaan Shareefi Golden Chain
Currently based in Pakistan Naqshbandi Mujadadi Chain belongs to Syed Imam Ali Shah Naqshbandi Mujadadi. It is named after his birth place Makaan Shareef.Naqshbandia Qasimiya Golden Chain
The QasimiyaQasimiya
Qasimiya or The Qasmi order, is a Naqshbandi in origin, and is based in a small village called Mohra Shareef located in the Murree hills of Punjab, Pakistan outside the Pakistani capital of Islamabad. It was made into a spiritual center by Baba Ji Muhammad Qasim Sadiq Qasimiya or The Qasmi order,...
is based in the village of Mohra Sharif
Mohra Sharif
Mohra Sharif is a spiritual center and home of the Naqshbandia Mujaddadiya. Qasimiya Sufi order is a Naqshbandi in origin, and is based in a small village called Mohra Shareef located in the Murree Hills of Punjab, outside the Pakistani capital of Islamabad...
located in the Murree
Murree
Murree city is a popular hill station and a summer resort, especially for the residents of Rawalpindi/Islamabad, and for the cities of the province of Punjab, Pakistan...
hills of Punjab
Punjab (Pakistan)
Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with approximately 45% of the country's total population. Forming most of the Punjab region, the province is bordered by Kashmir to the north-east, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the...
, outside the Pakistani capital of Islamabad
Islamabad
Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan and the tenth largest city in the country. Located within the Islamabad Capital Territory , the population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.7 million in 2011...
. It became a spiritual center under Baba Ji Muhammad Qasim Sadiq (b. 1263 AH, 1847 CE).
Naqshbandia Mujaddidia Khalidia Mahmudia Golden Chain in DagestanDagestanThe Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...
Naqshbandi silsilahSilsilah
Silsila is an Arabic word meaning chain, often used in various senses of lineage. In particular, it may be translated as " order" or "genealogy". It is derived from the notion of apostolic succession.- Historical importance :...
beginning from Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
is passed in chain till Ismail Kurdumeri (who is No31 in chain). After Ismail Kurdumeri the chain has split in two as he had two Ma'zuns, i.e. Muhammad Salih Shirwani (No32) and Khas Muhammad Shirwani. From Khas Muhammad Shirwani the chain goes to Muhammad Yaraghi ad-Daghestani, from him to Jamaluddin Kumuki ad-Daghestani, who had three Ma'zuns, i.e. Mamadibir ar-Rochi ad-Daghestani, Imam Shamil
Imam Shamil
Imam Shamil also spelled Shamyl, Schamil, Schamyl or Shameel was an Avar political and religious leader of the Muslim tribes of the Northern Caucasus...
ad-Daghestani (both had no Ma'zun), and `Abdurrahman as-Sughuri ad-Daghestani. According to Shuaib Afandi Bagini ad-Daghestani, `Abdurrahman as-Sughuri had two ma'zuns, i.e. Muhammad Haji `Obodi ad-Daghestani and Ilyas Tsudakhari ad-Daghestani (d1312 AH). Both had no ma'zuns, and thus the split chain coming from Khas Muhammad Shirwani has ended here. However, there were and still are many people including Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani, Abdullah Fa'izi ad-Daghestani and others claiming that they somehow received Naqshbandi permission in their dream, or by special spiritual experience (rawhani) etc. All these claims and questionable permissions are not recognized and rejected in Daghestan, as permission cannot be given by individuals who themselves had no permission, in dreams or by rawhani or without witnesses. There are strict requirements as to who gives the permission, how it is given and received.
The chain from Muhammad Salih Shirwani (No32) on the other hand, is continuous and goes all the way to Mahmud Afandi, Hasan Hilmi Afandi and the rest of the Daghestani Ma'zuns (see Naqshbandi Golden Chain#Naqshbandia Mujaddidia Khalidia Mahmudia Golden Chain in Dagestan).
Although false claims are being made in the above paragraph that Sheikh Sharafudin and Sheikh Abdullah are claiming to have received the secret through visions and dreams, we have conclusive proof that it was transmitted physically by Sheikh Abu Ahmad as Sughuri to Sheikh Mohamad al Madani and then to Sheikh Sharaffudin and thereafter to Sheikh Abdullah and now it is with Moulana Sheikh Nazim al Haqanni. We give the chain of transmission below :-
Shaykh Khalid al-Baghdadi, (q)
Shaykh Ismail Muhammad ash-Shirwani, (q)
Shaykh Khas Muhammad Shirwani, (q)
Shaykh Muhammad Effendi al-Yaraghi, (q)
Sayyid Jamaluddin al-Ghumuqi al-Husayni, (q)
Shaykh Abu Ahmad as-Sughuri, (q)
Shaykh Abu Muhammad al-Madani, (q)
Shaykh Sharafuddin Daghestani, (q)
Shaykh Abdullah al-Fa'iz ad-Daghestani, (q)
Mawlana Sheikh Nazim Al-Haqqani (q)
In proof of the above we are citing from Sheikh Hisham Kabbanis book "The Naqshbandi Sufi Way History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain"."The Naqshbandi Sufi Way History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain" kazi publication inc 1995.
In this book it is clearly stated under each of the Grandsheikhs as to how the Golden Chain continued. As regards to the contention above the above quoted book says the following :-
"He ( Sheikh Abu Ahmad as Sughuri) died in Sughur on the 17th of Rabi'ul-Awwal in the year 1299/1882 CE. at the age of 93.
Many years after he had passed away his daughter saw him in a dream. He told her, "O my daughter, the stone of my grave has fallen down and is laying on my chest, pressing on me and hurting me." The next day his daughter went to the Shaykhs of the city and told them that dream. She told the dream to everyone she met. The people believed the dream and went quickly to open up the grave. They found that the stone which covered his body had fallen down, and the walls of the grave had tumbled in around him. They found his body clean and unchanged. His shroud was still white, as if he had just been buried that same day.
They removed his body, redug the grave and replaced his body. Everyone was surprised and astonished at how he had come to her in the dream and told her about the situation in the grave. More surprising though, was the perfect condition of his body. After seeing this, they all took baycah with his successor, Sayyidina Abu Muhammad al-Madani.
Sayyidina Abu Ahmad as-Sughuri had two khalifs: Abu Muhammad al-Madani and Shaykh Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani. The secret of the Golden Chain was passed to the first, and upon his death, to the second."
We also give as proof of what we saying to be found in the following link in the Naqshbandi.org website. We give link to same http://www.naqshbandi.org/chain/names.htm
For further proof of what we are saying, in late October 2011 that a delegation from Dagestan visited Moulana Sheikh Nazim the present leader of the Naqshabandi Haqqani order and even took bayyath from him. In proof of which we are giving the following link to the video to be found in the Sultanate Website. The link is http://www.saltanat.org/SaltanatTV/tabid/210/Default.aspx and see speech by Sheikh Nazim Haqanni entitled “Dagestan” dated 29 October 2011
Sub-orders
Various semi-autonomous sub-orders include the Churahiya, Sardaria, Aslamiya, Hijazi, Tahiri.Naqshbandi Churahiya Branch (Churah Sharif)
This branch belongs to Qayyum e Zaman Baba jee Syed Noor Muhammad Terahi Churahi, Naqshbandi, also known among his chain as Prof Syed Manzoor Asif Tahir, who is based in Sheikhpura also known as Mujjaddid-al-asar is participating his role in revival of islamic thought based on true love of Muhammad and true love of Allah. He insists on making "rizqe Halal", then speaking truth and then for good deeds. Its silsilah follows the Naqshbandi Mujaddidi Golden Chain until Nur Muhammad (No 30), after which it is claimed that a known family link to Muhammad is sufficient.11 principal teachings
The first eight were formulated by Ghujdawani, and the last three were added by Baha ad- din.- Remembrance (Yad kard): Always orally and mentally repeating the dhikr.
- Restraint (Baz gasht): Engaging in the heart repetition of the phrase "Al-kalimat at-tayyiba."
- Watchfulness (Nigah dasht): Being conscientious over wandering thoughts while repeating the phrase "Al-kalimat at-tayyiba."
- Recollection (Yad dasht): Concentration upon the Divine presence in a condition of dhawq, foretaste, intuitive anticipation or perceptiveness, not using external aids.
- Awareness while breathing (Hosh dar dam): Controlling one's breathing by not exhaling or inhaling in the forgetfullness of the Divine.
- Journeying in one's homeland (Safar dar watan): An internal journey that moves the person from having blameworthy to praiseworthy properties. This is also referred to as the vision or revelation of the hidden side of the shahada.
- Watching one's step (Nazar bar qadam): Do not be distracted from purpose of the ultimate journey.
- Solitude in a crowd (Khalwat dar anjuman): Although journey is outwardly in this world, it is inwardly with God.
- Temporal pause (Wuquf-I zamani): Keeping account of how one spends his or her time. If time is spent rightfully give thanks and time is spent incorrectly ask for forgiveness.
- Numerical pause (Wuquf-I adadi): Checking that the heart-dhikr has been repeated the requisite number of times, taking into account one's wandering thoughts.
- Heart pause (Wuquf-I qalbi): Forming a mental picture of one's heart with the name of God engraved to emphasize that the heart has no consciousness or goal other than God.
Muraqaba
Muraqaba is known as spiritual communion. In this practice one tries to unveil the mystery of life by losing oneself in it. This is achieve through the method of picturing Muhammad or a saint or his murshid. One method seeks union with the sheikh; when the sheikh dies, it is frequently done at his tomb. The Sufi does not suppose that the spirit of the saint is in the tomb but finds this course an aid to contemplation. To attain union with the sheikh, he must visualize interiorly the image of his sheikh. He imagines the sheikh's image as though on his right shoulder, then pictures a line from the right shoulder to his heart that acts as a passage whereby the spirit of the sheikh can take possession of that organ. By continuing this process he will ensure that he has attained absorption in the sheikh. For the murid this is more beneficial than dhikr since the sheikh is the medium by which the murid can attain the supreme reality. In fact, the more connected the murid is to the sheikh the more the emanations from his inner being increase and the sooner he is able to attain his goal. In other words, the murid must first lose himself in the sheikh and then he may attain fana in God.Tawajjuh
Tawajjuh is a formation from wajh (face) and means confrontation. It is employed in relation to the act of facing the qibla during ritual prayer. The direction of the qibla is the murshid who is the gateway to God. Often the sheikh is made the qibla. The worshipper cleanses his clouded heart so that is pure enough that his God may be reflected in it.Subtle substances
The 7 substances of ‘Ala al-Dawla were employed by the Kubrawi school of Sufism. They were used to aid in meditation and dhikr. The substances were linked to a part of the body, a prophet, and a color. The Naqshbandi school created a scheme employing 6 of those substances and linking them to certain subtle energy centers on the body. The qalb (heart) is located two fingers below the left breast and its color is red. The ruh (spirit) is located two fingers below the right breast and its color is white. The nafs (soul) is beneath the naval and its color is yellow. The sirr (conscience) is at the center of the breast with the color green. The khafi (mystery) is above the eyebrow with the color blue. The akhafa (arcanum) is at the top of the brain and its color is black.Europe, United States Of America, South America, Asia, Australia, Middle East, Africa, China, Malaysia, Indonesia
The Naqshabandi - Haqanni Sufi order is the most flourishing Naqshabandi order counting millions of followers. The leader of this order is Sultan ul Awliya Moulana Sheikh Nazim al Qibrusi, who lives at present in Northern Cyprus. This is undoubtedly the most active of all Naqshbandi orders with followers in every corner of the World. There are Murids (followers) in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and almost all of Europe, United States of America, Middle East, in Africa, in Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Malaysia,Indonesia, China, Japan, Australia , New Zealand, in Latin America, etc. In actual fact all over the World. According to some estimates this Sufi Order has over Sixty Million Mureeds.In almost every country in the world there are centres of this sufi Order. This order also has the largest Internet Presence. See http://sheiknazim.ws and http://naqshbandi.org, which are just two of the hundreds of websites of this order.There are also live transmissions made by Sultan ul Awliya Moulana Sheikh Nazim, the world leader of the most distinguished Naqshabandi Tariqa, which is broadcast all over the world by both http://Sufilive.com and http://www.saltanat.org.China
Ma LaichiMa Laichi
Ma Laichi , also known as Abu 'l-Futūh Ma Laichi, was a Sufi master, who brought the Khufiyya movement to China and created the Huasi menhuan - the earliest and most important Naqshbandi order in the history of Islam in China.-Afaq Khoja's blessing:Ma Laichi is a hybrid of Hui and Han Chinese...
brought the Naqshbandi order to China, creating the Khufiyya Hua Si Sufi menhuan. Ma Mingxin
Ma Mingxin
Ma Mingxin was a Dungan Sufi master, the establisher of the Jahriyya Sufi order in China.-Names:Ma Mingxin's religious name was Ibrāhīm. After returning to China from Arabia he started calling himself 'Azīz.He was also called Muhammad Emin.-Life:A Persian-speaking Muslim from Gansu, Ma Mingxin...
, also brought the Naqshbandi order, creating the Jahriyya
Jahriyya
Jahriyya is a Sufi order in China that once existed in Persia and the Turkish World. Founded by Hadrat Abu Yaqub Yusuf Hamdani, it was brought to China in the 1760s by Ma Mingxin...
menhuan. These two menhuan were rivals, and fought against each other. These Menhuan played major roles in the Dungan revolt, and Dungan Revolt (1895)
Dungan Revolt (1895)
The Dungan Revolt was a rebellion of various Muslim ethnic groups in Qinghai and Gansu against the Qing Dynasty.-Revolt:Rival Sufi Naqshbandi orders fought against each other. They accused each other of various misdeeds, and filed a lawsuit against each other through the office of the Xining prefect...
.
All the Chinese Muslim Generals of the Ma Clique
Ma clique
The Ma clique or Ma family warlords is a collective name for a group of Muslim warlords in Northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949. There were 3 families in the Ma clique , each of them respectively controlled 3 areas, Gansu,...
belonged to Naqshbandi Sufi menhuan. Prominent Generals included Ma Zhan'ao
Ma Zhan'ao
Ma Zhan’ao was a Chinese Muslim General who defected to the Qing Dynasty in 1872 during the Dungan revolt along with his General Ma Qianling and General Ma Haiyan who served under him during the revolt. He first sent Ma Chun to negotiate a surrender with General Zuo, but Zuo suspected a ruse. Ma...
, Ma Anliang
Ma Anliang
Ma Anliang , a Hui, was born in 1855, in Linxia, Gansu, China. He became a general in the Qing dynasty army, and of the Republic of China. His father was Ma Zhanao, and his younger brother was Ma Guoliang...
, Ma Fulu
Ma Fulu
Ma Fulu , a Hui, was the son of General Ma Qianling, and the brother of Ma Fucai, Ma Fushou, and Ma Fuxiang. He joined the martial arts hall and attended military school. In 1895, he served under general Dong Fuxiang, leading loyalist Chinese Muslims to crush a revolt by rebel Chinese Muslims and...
, Ma Fuxiang
Ma Fuxiang
Ma Fuxiang . Ma, a Dongxiang muslim leader, had a military and political career which spanned the Qing dynasty through the early Republic of China and illustrated the power of family, the role of religious affiliations, and the interaction of Inner Asian China and the national government of...
, Ma Hongkui
Ma Hongkui
Ma Hongkui , was a prominent warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the northwestern province of Ningxia. His rank was Lieutenant-general. His courtesy name was Shao-yun .- Life :...
, Ma Hongbin
Ma Hongbin
Ma Hongbin , was a prominent muslim Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era. He was the acting Chairman of Gansu and Ningxia Provinces for a short period.- Life :...
, Ma Qi
Ma Qi
Ma Qi was a Chinese Muslim warlord in early 20th century China.-Early life:His grandfather Sa-la Ma , is a Salar. He was born in 1869 in Daohe, now part of Linxia, Gansu, China. His father was Ma Haiyan...
, Ma Bufang
Ma Bufang
Ma Bufang was a prominent Muslim Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the northwestern province of Qinghai. His rank was Lieutenant-general...
, and Ma Buqing
Ma Buqing
Ma Buqing was a prominent Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, controlling armies in the northwestern province of Qinghai.-Life:...
. Ma Shaowu
Ma Shaowu
Ma Shaowu was a Hui born in Yunnan, in Qing dynasty China. He was a member of the Xinjiang clique during the Republic of China.- Family history :...
, and Ma Yuanzhang were other prominent leaders from the Jahriyya Naqshbandi menhuan.
Today you may find many Murids of the Naqshbandi- Haqqani order in China.
Egypt
During the middle of the 19th century Egypt was inhabited and controlled by Naqshbandis. A major Naqshbandi takiya was constructed in 1851 by Abbas I, who did this as a favor to Naqshbandi sheikh Ahmad Ashiq. Ahmad Ashiq headed the takiya till his death in 1883. Ahmad Ashiq's was a practicer of the Diya'iyya branch of the Khalidiyya. In 1876 sheikh Juda Ibrahim amended the original Diya’iyya, which became known as al-Judiyya, and gained a following in al-Sharqiyya province in the eastern Nile Delta.During the last two decades of the 19th century two other versions of Naqshbandiyya spread in Egypt. One of these was introduced by a Sudanese, alSharif Isma'il al-Sinnari. Al-Sinnari had been initiated into the Khalidiyya and Mujaddidiyya by various sheikhs during his time in Mecca and Medina. Initially, he tried to obtain a following in Cairo but was not able to, therefore he resorted going to Sudan. It is from there that the order spread into Upper Egypt from 1870 onward under Musa Mu’awwad, who was al-Sinnari's successor. Muhaamad al-Laythi, son of al-Sinnari, was the successor after Mu’awwad's death.
The Judiyya and the Khalidiyya branches spread in the last decades of the 19th century and continued to grow and are still active today. Khalidiyya of Muhammad Amin al-Kurdi is headed by his son Najm a-Din. The Judiyya split into three main branches:one led by the founder's son Isa, another led by Iliwa Atiyya in Cairo, and another led by Judah Muhammad Abu’l-Yazid al-Hahdi in Tanta.
Unfortunately, none of the early takiyas survived far into the 20th century. The longest living group of takiya based Naqshbandis lived in the takiya of sheikh Ahmad Ashiq, which closed in 1954. This is when all the takiyas in Egypt were closed and the awqaf supporting these establishments were taken over by the Ministry of Awqaf. The buildings were either assigned a different function or demolished as part of urban renovation programs.
Syria and Palestine
The Naqshbandiyya was introduced into Syria at the end of the 17th century by Murad Ali al-Bukhari, who was initiated in India. Later, he established himself in Damascus, but traveled throughout Arabia. His branch became known as the Muradiyya. After his death in 1720, his descendents formed the Muradi family of scholars and sheikhs who continued to head the Muradiyya. In 1820 and onward, Khalid Shahrazuri rose as the prominent Naqshbandi leader in the Ottoman world. After the death of Khalid in 1827, his takiya became known as the Khalidiyya, which continued to spread for at least two decades. Later a strife between Khalid's khalifas led to disruption of the takiya, causing it to divide.The only Naqshbandi branch to have survived till recently is the one based in the zawiya al-Uzbakiyya in Jerusalem. The number of members of this branch increased at the end of the 19th century. When political leader Musa Bukhar died in 1973, the pre-Mujaddidi line of the Naqshbandiyya in Greater Syria came to an end. In Syria and Lebanon, the leaders of every active Naqshbandiyya group has a silsila going back to sheikh Khalid of the Khalidiyya. The Khalidiyya is a Naqshbandi order found in Syria and Lebanon having continued from the days of Khalid.
This branch has also retained the original Naqshbandiyya way. The Farmadiyya branch, which practices silent and vocal dhikr, is another still present in Lebanon and is named after Ali-Farmadi.
We shall speak about the Great Grandsheikh Abdullah Dagestani,(Haqqani-Naqshbandi order) and quote a small passage from his Biography written by Sheikh Hisham Kabbani :-
"Sheikh Abdullah moved to oms, where he visited the mosque and tomb of the Companion of the Prophet , Khalid ibn al-Walid. He stayed briefly in oms. He moved to Damascus, in the Midan District, near the tomb of Sa`d ad-Din Jibawi, a saint from the family of the Prophet . There he established the first zawiya for the branch of the Naqshbandi Order which had gone to Daghestan. With him the Golden Chain of the Naqshbandi Order which had gone from Damascus to India, Baghdad, and Daghestan, now returned to Damascus.
His two daughters were married, Rabiha had four children, three girls and one boy. Madiha was married to Shaykh Tawfiq al-Hibri, one of the great Islamic scholars of Lebanon.
Soon people began to crowd into his zawiya. They arrived there from all over the city: Sufis, government people, businessmen, and common people. Murids were coming every day to sit at the door of his khaniqah. Daily they served food to hundreds, many of whom also slept there.
Then he received a spiritual order to move to the Mountain of Qasyun. It is the highest point in Damascus, from whose vantage the entire city can be viewed. With the help of his two senior murids, Shaykh Muhammad Nazim `Adil and Shaykh Husayn `Ali, he built a house. This house and the mosque next to it still stand, and the mosque is the site of his maqam (tomb). He saw in a vision, while he was building the mosque, that the Prophet , with Shah Naqshband and Sayyidina Ahmad al-Faruqi, came and put posts to mark the shape and location of the walls of the mosque. As soon as the vision ended, the markers were visible, and everyone present saw them. At that mosque, over the years, hundreds of thousands of visitors were received: for healing, for prayers, for training, for all kinds of external and internal knowledge."
It was in Damascus, Syria, that Grandsheikh Abdullah Dagestani, preached from, and also passed away. His blessed tomb is to be found in Damascus. It is estimated that a massive crowd of about 400,000 people attended his funeral ( see Sheikh Hisham kabbani's book on the Forty Grandsheikhs of the Naqshbandi Tariqa.) The Naqshbandi- Haqqani branch to which Sheikh Abdullah belongs is today lead by his successor Sultan ul awliya Moulana Sheikh Nazim and is very active in Syria.
DagestanDagestanThe Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...
, Russia
Naqshbandi silsilahSilsilah
Silsila is an Arabic word meaning chain, often used in various senses of lineage. In particular, it may be translated as " order" or "genealogy". It is derived from the notion of apostolic succession.- Historical importance :...
beginning from Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
is passed in chain till Ismail Kurdumeri (who is No31 in chain). After Ismail Kurdumeri the chain has split in two as he had two Ma'zuns, i.e. Muhammad Salih Shirwani (No32) and Khas Muhammad Shirwani. From Khas Muhammad Shirwani the chain goes to Muhammad Yaraghi ad-Daghestani, from him to Jamaluddin Kumuki ad-Daghestani, who had three Ma'zuns, i.e. Mamadibir ar-Rochi ad-Daghestani, Imam Shamil
Imam Shamil
Imam Shamil also spelled Shamyl, Schamil, Schamyl or Shameel was an Avar political and religious leader of the Muslim tribes of the Northern Caucasus...
ad-Daghestani (both had no Ma'zun), and `Abdurrahman as-Sughuri ad-Daghestani. According to Shuaib Afandi Bagini ad-Daghestani, `Abdurrahman as-Sughuri had two ma'zuns, i.e. Muhammad Haji `Obodi ad-Daghestani and Ilyas Tsudakhari ad-Daghestani (d1312 AH). Both had no ma'zuns, and thus the split chain coming from Khas Muhammad Shirwani has ended here. However, there were and still are many people including Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani, Abdullah al-Fa'iz ad-Daghestani Abdullah Fa'izi ad-Daghestani
Abdullah Fa'izi ad-Daghestani
Abdullah Fa'izi ad-Daghestani Shaykh of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi order. He was born in the Caucasian region of Daghestan in 1891. He had never received Sufi ijazah, and he is not recognized as Sufi Shaykh in Dagestan...
and others claiming that they somehow received Naqshbandi permission in their dream, or by special spiritual experience (rawhani) etc. All these claims and questionable permissions are not recognized and rejected in Daghestan, as permission cannot be given by individuals who themselves had no permission, in dreams or by rawhani or without witnesses. There are strict requirements as to who gives the permission, how it is given and received.
The chain from Muhammad Salih Shirwani (No32) on the other hand, is continuous and goes all the way to Mahmud Afandi, Hasan Hilmi Afandi and the rest of the Daghestani Ma'zuns (see Naqshbandi Golden Chain#Naqshbandia Mujaddidia Khalidia Mahmudia Golden Chain in Dagestan).
Although false claims are being made in the above paragraph that Sheikh Sharafudin and Sheikh Abdullah are claiming to have received the secret through visions and dreams, we have conclusive proof that it was transmitted physically by ( Sheikh Abu Ahmad as Sughuri to Sheikh Mohamad al Madani and then to Sheikh Sharaffudin and thereafter to Sheikh Abdullah and now it is with Moulana Sheikh Nazim al Haqanni. We give the chain of transmission below :-
Shaykh Khalid al-Baghdadi, (q)
Shaykh Ismail Muhammad ash-Shirwani, (q)
Shaykh Khas Muhammad Shirwani, (q)
Shaykh Muhammad Effendi al-Yaraghi, (q)
Sayyid Jamaluddin al-Ghumuqi al-Husayni, (q)
Shaykh Abu Ahmad as-Sughuri, (q)
Shaykh Abu Muhammad al-Madani, (q)
Shaykh Sharafuddin Daghestani, (q)
Shaykh Abdullah al-Fa'iz ad-Daghestani, (q)
Mawlana Sheikh Nazim Al-Haqqani (q)
In proof of the above we are citing from Sheikh Hisham Kabbanis book "The Naqshbandi Sufi Way History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain". In this book it is clearly stated under each of the Grandsheikhs as to how the Golden Chain continued. As regards to the contention above the above quoted book says the following :-
"He ( Sheikh Abu Ahmad as Sughuri) died in Sughur on the 17th of Rabi'ul-Awwal in the year 1299/1882 CE. at the age of 93.
Many years after he had passed away his daughter saw him in a dream. He told her, "O my daughter, the stone of my grave has fallen down and is laying on my chest, pressing on me and hurting me." The next day his daughter went to the Shaykhs of the city and told them that dream. She told the dream to everyone she met. The people believed the dream and went quickly to open up the grave. They found that the stone which covered his body had fallen down, and the walls of the grave had tumbled in around him. They found his body clean and unchanged. His shroud was still white, as if he had just been buried that same day.
They removed his body, redug the grave and replaced his body. Everyone was surprised and astonished at how he had come to her in the dream and told her about the situation in the grave. More surprising though, was the perfect condition of his body. After seeing this, they all took baycah with his successor, Sayyidina Abu Muhammad al-Madani.
Sayyidina Abu Ahmad as-Sughuri had two khalifs: Abu Muhammad al-Madani and Shaykh Sharafuddin ad-Daghestani. The secret of the Golden Chain was passed to the first, and upon his death, to the second."
We also give as proof of what we saying to be found in the following link in the Naqshbandi.org website. We give link to same http://www.naqshbandi.org/chain/names.htm
For further proof of what we are saying, in late October 2011 that a delegation from Dagestan visited Moulana Sheikh Nazim the present leader of the Naqshabandi Haqqani order and even took bayyath from him. In proof of which we are giving the following link to the video to be found in the Sultanate Website. The link is http://www.saltanat.org/SaltanatTV/tabid/210/Default.aspx and see speech by Sheikh Nazim Haqanni entitled “Dagestan” dated 29 October 2011.This proves that there are many murids in Dagestani who have given allegiance to the Haqqani-naqshabandiya order.
South Asia
The Naqshbandiyya order became an influential factor in Indo-Muslim life and for two centuries it was the principal spiritual order in India. Baqi Billah Berang (No 24 in the Naqshbandi Golden Chain) is credited for bringing the order to India. He was born in India and brought up and educated in Kabul and Samarqand, where he came in contact with the Naqshbandiyya order. When he returned to India he tried to spread his knowledge about the order during the end of the 16th century, but died only three years later.Among his disciples were Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi
Ahmad Sirhindi
Imām Rabbānī Shaykh Ahmad al-Farūqī al-Sirhindī was an Indian Islamic scholar from Punjab, a Hanafi jurist, and a prominent member of the Naqshbandī Sufi order. He is described as Mujaddid Alf Thānī, meaning the "reviver of the second millennium", for his work in rejuvenating Islam and opposing...
(No 25 in the Naqshbandi Golden Chain) and Sheikh Abdul Haq of Dihli. After his death, his student, Sheikh Ahmad primarily took over. Sheikh Ahmad was born in 1561 and his father Makhdum Abdul Ahmad was from a high sufi order. He completed his religious and secular studies at the age of 17. Later he became known as Mujaddad-i-Alf-i-Thani. It was through him that the order gained popularity within a short period of time.
Sheikh Ahmad broke away from earlier mystic traditions and propounded his theory of the unity of the phenomenal world. In particular, he spoke out against innovations introduced by sufis. For instance, he opposed Emperor Akbar's views on Hindu and Muslim marriages. He stated, "Muslims should follow their religion, and non-Muslims their ways, as the Qur'an enjoins 'for you yours and for me my religion'". Also he did not believe in keeping the state and ruler separate and worked hard to change the outlook of the ruling class. After his death, his work was continued by his sons and descendants.
During the 19th century two Naqshbandiyya saints made significant contributions to the silsila by restating some of its basic ideological postures. Shah Wali Allah played an important role in the religious sciences, particularly the hadith and translated the Qur'an into Persian. He also looked at a fresh interpretation of Islamic teachings in the light of the new issues. Furthermore, he played a significant role in the political developments of the period.
Today, in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Brunei etc , there are found many murids who follow the Haqqani-Naqshbandiya Sufi order. The King of Brunei and the Prince of Malaysia, Raja Asman are murids who follow this order. This order is extemely active in the countries mentioned.
Prediction about the Worldwide Spreading of the Naqshabandi Order
Grandshaykh Abdullah Dagestani's Predictions - Quoted in his book about the Biographies of the Forty Grandsheikhs of the Naqshbandi Tariqa ( "The Naqshbandi Sufi Way History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain") by Sheikh Hisham Kabbani:-Grandshaykh Abdullah, before he passed away said in his will, "By the Order of the Prophet (s), I have trained and lifted up my successor, Nazim Effendi, and put him through many seclusions and trained him in severe training and I am assigning him to be my successor. I am seeing that in the future he will spread this Order through East and West. Allah will make all kinds of people, rich and poor, scholars and politicians, come to him, learn from him and take the Naqshbandi Order, at the end of the 20th Century and the beginning of the 21st Century. It will spread all over the world, such that not one continent will be devoid of its sweet scent."
"I see him establishing and founding huge headquarters in London through which he will spread this tariqat to Europe, the Far East, and America. He will spread sincerity, love, piety, harmony, and happiness among people, and all shall leave behind ugliness, terrorism, and politics. He will spread the knowledge of peace within the heart, the knowledge of peace within communities, the knowledge of peace between nations, in order that wars and struggles will be taken away from this world and peace will become the dominating factor. I am seeing young people running to him from everywhere, asking for his barakah and blessings. He will show them the way to keep their obligations in the Islamic tradition, to be moderate, to live in peace with everyone of every religion, to leave hatred and enmity. Religion is for Allah and Allah is the judge of His servants."
That prediction has come to pass, just as Grandshaykh `Abdullah had described it. In the year after Grandshaykh (q) passed away in 1973, Mawlana Shaykh Nazim made his first return trip to Turkey, visiting Bursa. Then he went to London. Many young people, especially the followers of John Bennett, came to meet him. As many people began coming to hear him he established his first center there in 1974.
He followed his first visit with annual visits to England and the Continent during and after Ramadan. The Order spread quickly, penetrating all of Europe, together with the United States, Canada and South America. He opened three centers in London for training people in the ways of spirituality, removing their depression and lifting them to a state of peace in their hearts. His teachings continued to spread to all parts of Europe, North Africa, Southern Africa, the Gulf countries, America, North and South, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Russia and parts of China, Australia and New Zealand.
You cannot find in the countries we have named and countries we have not named, a place where the touch of Shaykh Nazim is not felt. This is what differentiates him from all saints that are living now and all saints that came before. You find all languages are spoken in his presence. Every year, in the month of Ramadan, a huge conference is held in London, which more than 5,000 people attend from all over the world. As Allah said, "We made you nations and tribes that you might know one another" [49:13].
His followers come from all walks of life. You find the poor, the middle class, the wealthy, the businessman, the doctor, the lawyer, the psychiatrist, the astronomer, the plumber, the carpenter, Ministers of government, politicians, senators, parliament members, prime ministers, presidents, kings, sultans, and royalty of all kinds, everyone attracted to his simplicity, to his smile, to his light and to his spirituality. Thus he is known as the multicolored, Universal Shaykh.
His sayings and associations (sohbet) have been collected and published in many books that are available. These include the Mercy Oceans series, which number more than 35 books, thousands of feet of videotapes, and thousands and thousands of hours of audiotapes.
His life is always intensely active. He is a traveler in Allah's Way, never staying home, always moving from one place to another. One day he is in the East and the next he is in the West. One day he is in the North and the next he is in the South. You don't know where he will be from one day to the next. He is always meeting with officials to encourage reconciliation and peace and preservation of the natural world. He is always sowing the seeds of love and peace and harmony in the hearts of mankind. We hope that in the spirit of his teachings all religions will find paths to reconciliation and leave behind differences to live in peace and harmony."
See Link http://www.naqshbandi.org/chain/40.htm
External links
- Shaykh Said Afandi al-Chirkawi visit to Inkho Video
- Naqshbandi Mujjadidi Saifi
- Official Journal of Sheikh Nazim Al-Haqqani
- Website of Sheikh Nazim
- Media Library and Live Broadcast of the Haqqani Golden Chain
- World Listing of Haqqani Golden Chain Associates
- Community Website of the Haqqani Fellowship
- Official Website of Naqshbandiya Mujaddidiya Qasimiya
- Official Website of Naqshbandi Mujaddidi Aslami Sufi Order
- Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi Order
- Naqshbandi Sufi Order of Australia
- Naqshbandi Haqqani Australia Sufi Path Group
- Naqshbandiya Mujaddidiya Qasimiya
- Official Website of Naqshbandiya Mujaddidiya Ghaffari Bakshi Tahiri - Jamaat Islahulmuslimeen
- Naqshbandi Nur Muhammadan Realities
- Naqshbandi-Haqqani Pakistan, a website dedicated to Maulana Sheikh Nazim Adil Al-Haqqani