Ma Yuanzhang
Encyclopedia
Ma Yuanzhang was a Dungan Sufi master, of the Jahriyya
menhuan (Naqshbandi
Sufi order).
defeated Su Forty-three and the New teaching in 1781, The family of Ma Mingxin was exiled to Yunnan. where they lived in the western Muslim community, converting the Yunnan Muslims to the Jahriyya sect.. Ma Yuanzhang's father, Ma Shilin, travelled from Yunnan to Ningxia to visit Ma Hualong
two times. After Du Wenxiu rebelled in the Panthay Rebellion, Ma Shilin joined him as a garrison commander and civil official. He defended Donggouzhai fort a year against Qing, then committed suicide. Ma Shilin's son Ma Yuanzhang and his other sons went to Sichuan
.
Ma Yuanzhang searched for surviving children of Ma Hualong
. Few of Ma Hualong's family survived the massacre at Jinjipu. Two his grandsons, Ma Jincheng and Ma Jinxi, were sentenced to castration
upon reaching the age of 12. Ma Jincheng ended his days as a eunuch
slave in Kaifeng
in 1890, although the new Jahriyya leader, Ma Yuanzhang (the 1850s - 1920), managed to secretly provide him with some support until his death. The younger grandson, Ma Jinxi, was spirited away, intact, from his Xi'an
confinement by Ma Yuanzhang, and was hidden at a Hui
household in Hangzhou
. Many years later, Ma Yuanzhang managed to obtain a pardon for Ma Jinxi, and Ma Hualong's grandson returned to Ningxia. A split within the Jahriyya followed, with some members becoming followers of Ma Jinxi, and others holding for Ma Yuanzhang (who claimed descent from the order's founder Ma Mingxin
, and was also related to Ma Hualong's family through his marriage).
Ma Yuanzhang commanded Jahriyya
militia against Bai Lang
during the Bai Lang Rebellion
.
He and Ma Fuxiang
became enemies after Ma Fuxiang was pissed off that Ma Yuanzhang refused to help him remove Zhang Guangjian as governor of Gansu
and telegraphed Beijing that Zhang should remaining as Governor. Ma Fuxiang and other Gansu Generals believed a local dujun Gansu person should be governor.
Ma Yuanzhang was treated with extreme respect by his adherents, he was nicknamed the "New Prophet", and his residence considered a "sanctuary".
Ma Yuanzhang and his son were then crushed to death during an earthquake on December 16, 1920 in the Mosque he was in near Zhangjiachuan.
, establisher of the Jahriyya order in China, an uncle of Ma Shaowu
, and important military commander in Xinjiang
. Ma Shenglin
(马圣鳞) was a great uncle of Ma Shaowu, and therefore also related to Ma Yuanzhang.
He wrote a couplet in honor of Ma Shaowu.
Jahriyya
Jahriyya is a Sufi order in China that once existed in Persia and the Turkish World. Founded by Hadrat Abu Yaqub Yusuf Hamdani, it was brought to China in the 1760s by Ma Mingxin...
menhuan (Naqshbandi
Naqshbandi
Naqshbandi is one of the major Sufi spiritual orders of Sufi Islam. It is considered to be a "Potent" order.The Naqshbandi order is over 1,300 years old, and is active today...
Sufi order).
Jiaozhu of the Jahriyya
When AguiAgui
Agui was a Manchu noble general for the Qing dynasty. As the only son of Akdun, he was a scion of a noble family who led a number of important Manchu military operations, including several of the "Ten Great Campaigns"....
defeated Su Forty-three and the New teaching in 1781, The family of Ma Mingxin was exiled to Yunnan. where they lived in the western Muslim community, converting the Yunnan Muslims to the Jahriyya sect.. Ma Yuanzhang's father, Ma Shilin, travelled from Yunnan to Ningxia to visit Ma Hualong
Ma Hualong
Ma Hualong , was the fifth leader of the Jahriyya, a Dungan Sufi order in northwestern China. From the beginning of the Dungan Revolt in 1862, until his surrender and death in 1871, he was one of the main leaders of the revolt.-Biography:Ma Hualong became the leader of the Jahriyya ca...
two times. After Du Wenxiu rebelled in the Panthay Rebellion, Ma Shilin joined him as a garrison commander and civil official. He defended Donggouzhai fort a year against Qing, then committed suicide. Ma Shilin's son Ma Yuanzhang and his other sons went to Sichuan
Sichuan
' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
.
Ma Yuanzhang searched for surviving children of Ma Hualong
Ma Hualong
Ma Hualong , was the fifth leader of the Jahriyya, a Dungan Sufi order in northwestern China. From the beginning of the Dungan Revolt in 1862, until his surrender and death in 1871, he was one of the main leaders of the revolt.-Biography:Ma Hualong became the leader of the Jahriyya ca...
. Few of Ma Hualong's family survived the massacre at Jinjipu. Two his grandsons, Ma Jincheng and Ma Jinxi, were sentenced to castration
Castration
Castration is any action, surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which a male loses the functions of the testicles or a female loses the functions of the ovaries.-Humans:...
upon reaching the age of 12. Ma Jincheng ended his days as a eunuch
Eunuch
A eunuch is a person born male most commonly castrated, typically early enough in his life for this change to have major hormonal consequences...
slave in Kaifeng
Kaifeng
Kaifeng , known previously by several names , is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, Central China. Nearly 5 million people live in the metropolitan area...
in 1890, although the new Jahriyya leader, Ma Yuanzhang (the 1850s - 1920), managed to secretly provide him with some support until his death. The younger grandson, Ma Jinxi, was spirited away, intact, from his Xi'an
Xi'an
Xi'an is the capital of the Shaanxi province, and a sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China. One of the oldest cities in China, with more than 3,100 years of history, the city was known as Chang'an before the Ming Dynasty...
confinement by Ma Yuanzhang, and was hidden at a Hui
Hui people
The Hui people are an ethnic group in China, defined as Chinese speaking people descended from foreign Muslims. They are typically distinguished by their practice of Islam, however some also practice other religions, and many are direct descendants of Silk Road travelers.In modern People's...
household in Hangzhou
Hangzhou
Hangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people...
. Many years later, Ma Yuanzhang managed to obtain a pardon for Ma Jinxi, and Ma Hualong's grandson returned to Ningxia. A split within the Jahriyya followed, with some members becoming followers of Ma Jinxi, and others holding for Ma Yuanzhang (who claimed descent from the order's founder Ma Mingxin
Ma Mingxin
Ma Mingxin was a Dungan Sufi master, the establisher of the Jahriyya Sufi order in China.-Names:Ma Mingxin's religious name was Ibrāhīm. After returning to China from Arabia he started calling himself 'Azīz.He was also called Muhammad Emin.-Life:A Persian-speaking Muslim from Gansu, Ma Mingxin...
, and was also related to Ma Hualong's family through his marriage).
Ma Yuanzhang commanded Jahriyya
Jahriyya
Jahriyya is a Sufi order in China that once existed in Persia and the Turkish World. Founded by Hadrat Abu Yaqub Yusuf Hamdani, it was brought to China in the 1760s by Ma Mingxin...
militia against Bai Lang
Bai Lang
might refer to* Chang An-lo, the White Wolf: a Chinese gangster* a leader of the Bai Lang Rebellion against Yuan Shikai, ally of Sun Zhongshan....
during the Bai Lang Rebellion
Bai Lang Rebellion
The Bai Lang Rebellion, was a Chinese "bandit" rebellion that lasted from mid-1913 to late-1914. Launched against the Republican government of Yuan Shikai, the rebellion was led by Bai Lang...
.
He and Ma Fuxiang
Ma Fuxiang
Ma Fuxiang . Ma, a Dongxiang muslim leader, had a military and political career which spanned the Qing dynasty through the early Republic of China and illustrated the power of family, the role of religious affiliations, and the interaction of Inner Asian China and the national government of...
became enemies after Ma Fuxiang was pissed off that Ma Yuanzhang refused to help him remove Zhang Guangjian as governor of Gansu
Gansu
' is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east...
and telegraphed Beijing that Zhang should remaining as Governor. Ma Fuxiang and other Gansu Generals believed a local dujun Gansu person should be governor.
Ma Yuanzhang was treated with extreme respect by his adherents, he was nicknamed the "New Prophet", and his residence considered a "sanctuary".
Ma Yuanzhang and his son were then crushed to death during an earthquake on December 16, 1920 in the Mosque he was in near Zhangjiachuan.
Family
According to his great grandson, Ma Yuanzhang was a direct descendant of Ma MingxinMa Mingxin
Ma Mingxin was a Dungan Sufi master, the establisher of the Jahriyya Sufi order in China.-Names:Ma Mingxin's religious name was Ibrāhīm. After returning to China from Arabia he started calling himself 'Azīz.He was also called Muhammad Emin.-Life:A Persian-speaking Muslim from Gansu, Ma Mingxin...
, establisher of the Jahriyya order in China, an uncle of Ma Shaowu
Ma Shaowu
Ma Shaowu was a Hui born in Yunnan, in Qing dynasty China. He was a member of the Xinjiang clique during the Republic of China.- Family history :...
, and important military commander in Xinjiang
Xinjiang
Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
. Ma Shenglin
Ma Shenglin
Ma Shenglin was a Hui Jahriyya Sufi rebel who fought against the Qing dynasty in the Panthay Rebellion.In the late 1860s, when Qing loyalist Muslim General Ma Rulong led the reconquest western Yunnan, Ma Shenglin defended town of Greater Donggou against Ma Rulong’s army in a battle of in central...
(马圣鳞) was a great uncle of Ma Shaowu, and therefore also related to Ma Yuanzhang.
He wrote a couplet in honor of Ma Shaowu.
Couplet written in Honor of Ma Shaowu by Ma Yuanzhang
Ten thousand li to pay his respects at the isolated tomb and satisfy the wish of the founding ancestor,
Those that satisfy the wishes of their ancestors are truly filialFilialFilial may refer to:* Filial church, a Roman Catholic church to which is annexed the cure of souls, but which remains dependent on another church* Filial piety, one of the virtues in Confucian thought...
.
In the home province he built up the embankment in honour of the departed sage,
Not only by showing respect for the departed but in his countenance he is a true worthy descendant.
万里祭孤坟而绍祖志，能绍先志方称孝子
原籍修河堤而祭前圣，亦能继前亦象乃为贤孙.