Amanmašša
Encyclopedia
Amanmašša is the name of an Egyptian
official, but probably two separate officials-(?), in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters
correspondence
. Amanmašša's name in Egyptian
means "Amun
-born", (Amun-mes).
Amanmašša is only referenced in two letters of the Byblos
sub-corpus
of Rib-Hadda
, EA 113 and 114; EA is for 'el Amarna
'. Both letters have depth, (are complex) and reference Yapa-Hadda
of Biruta-(Beirut
) and involve: ships, control of grain for food, war, desertion of Rib-Hadda people-(citizens of Gubla-Byblos), etc.
Amarna letter EA 114 has the distinction of being the only letter of the 382–Amarna letter correspondence referencing Alashiya
/Cyprus
-(and concerning Amanmašša), besides the letters EA 34–EA 40 that are from Alashiya, and the unnamed "King of Alashiya".
Of the same name: Amenmesse
was a later Pharaoh
of the 19th Dynasty
-(1203-1200 BC).
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh...
official, but probably two separate officials-(?), in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters
Amarna letters
The Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
correspondence
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
. Amanmašša's name in Egyptian
Egyptian language
Egyptian is the oldest known indigenous language of Egypt and a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. Written records of the Egyptian language have been dated from about 3400 BC, making it one of the oldest recorded languages known. Egyptian was spoken until the late 17th century AD in the...
means "Amun
Amun
Amun, reconstructed Egyptian Yamānu , was a god in Egyptian mythology who in the form of Amun-Ra became the focus of the most complex system of theology in Ancient Egypt...
-born", (Amun-mes).
Amanmašša is only referenced in two letters of the Byblos
Byblos
Byblos is the Greek name of the Phoenician city Gebal . It is a Mediterranean city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of present-day Lebanon under the current Arabic name of Jubayl and was also referred to as Gibelet during the Crusades...
sub-corpus
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
of Rib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten...
, EA 113 and 114; EA is for 'el Amarna
Amarna
Amarna is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site that represents the remains of the capital city newly–established and built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten of the late Eighteenth Dynasty , and abandoned shortly afterwards...
'. Both letters have depth, (are complex) and reference Yapa-Hadda
Yapa-Hadda
Yapa-Hadda, also Yapah-Hadda, was the mayor/ruler of Biruta- of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.Yapa-Hadda is referenced in 13 letters of the Amarna letters 382–letter corpus, and specifically in relation to neighboring Gubla-, ruled by Rib-Hadda,...
of Biruta-(Beirut
Beirut
Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon, with a population ranging from 1 million to more than 2 million . Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coastline, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan...
) and involve: ships, control of grain for food, war, desertion of Rib-Hadda people-(citizens of Gubla-Byblos), etc.
Amarna letter EA 114 has the distinction of being the only letter of the 382–Amarna letter correspondence referencing Alashiya
Alashiya
Alashiya or Alasiya was a state which existed in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, and was situated somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean. It was a major source of goods, especially copper, for Ancient Egypt and other states in the Ancient Near East. It is referred to in a number of the surviving...
/Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
-(and concerning Amanmašša), besides the letters EA 34–EA 40 that are from Alashiya, and the unnamed "King of Alashiya".
Of the same name: Amenmesse
Amenmesse
Amenmesse was the 5th ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt, possibly the son of Merneptah and Queen Takhat. Others consider him to be one of the innumerable sons of Ramesses II. Very little is known about this king, who ruled Egypt for only three to four years...
was a later Pharaoh
Pharaoh
Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. The title originates in the term "pr-aa" which means "great house" and describes the royal palace...
of the 19th Dynasty
Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt
The Nineteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt was one of the periods of the Egyptian New Kingdom. Founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne, this dynasty is best known for its military conquests in Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria.The warrior kings of the...
-(1203-1200 BC).
Rib-Hadda EA 114, title: "Loyalty and its rewards"
Starting at line 26:- "...
- "Look, I (must) keep writing like (th)is to you about SumurZemarZemar was a Phoenician city in what is now Syria. Zemar was a major trade center....
-(ZemarZemarZemar was a Phoenician city in what is now Syria. Zemar was a major trade center....
). Look, I did go and I strongly urged the troops to [guard i]t, but now they have abandoned it, [and] the garrisonGarrisonGarrison is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but now often simply using it as a home base....
[has deserted]. And [for this reason I keep wr]iting. I have sent [ ... ] a messengerCourierA courier is a person or a company who delivers messages, packages, and mail. Couriers are distinguished from ordinary mail services by features such as speed, security, tracking, signature, specialization and individualization of express services, and swift delivery times, which are optional for...
of mine time and again. How often did I send him and he was unable to get into Sumur! They have blocked all the roads against him. That fellow–(i.e. Yapa-HaddaYapa-HaddaYapa-Hadda, also Yapah-Hadda, was the mayor/ruler of Biruta- of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.Yapa-Hadda is referenced in 13 letters of the Amarna letters 382–letter corpus, and specifically in relation to neighboring Gubla-, ruled by Rib-Hadda,...
of Beirut), looks with pleasure on the war against me and Sumur. For 2 months he has been encamped against me. For what reason is your loyal servant so treated? For service to you! If you are unable to fetch you[r] servant, then send archersArchers (Egyptian pítati)The Pítati were a contingent of archers in the Egyptian Empire, often requested and dispatched, to support the Egyptian vassalage in Canaan, or northern Canaan...
to fetch me. It would be good to be with you. The enemies of the king are at war with me, as are his mayors, to whom he gives thought. For this reason my situation is extremely grave. Look, ask the other Amanmašša if it was not (from) AlashiyaAlashiyaAlashiya or Alasiya was a state which existed in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, and was situated somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean. It was a major source of goods, especially copper, for Ancient Egypt and other states in the Ancient Near East. It is referred to in a number of the surviving...
that I sent him to you. Give thought to your loyal servant. Pre[vi]ously, my peasantry got provisions from the "land of Yarimuta", but now, now Yapah-HaddaYapa-HaddaYapa-Hadda, also Yapah-Hadda, was the mayor/ruler of Biruta- of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.Yapa-Hadda is referenced in 13 letters of the Amarna letters 382–letter corpus, and specifically in relation to neighboring Gubla-, ruled by Rib-Hadda,...
does not let them go. W[hy are you negl]igent? [The king must] send a garrison [to protect] your loyal [servant ...] the enemies of the king, for they make a mayor who serves you with loyalty prowl about. Moreover, give thought to me. Who will be loyal were I to die? Look, Yapah-Hadda is on the side of AziruAziruAziru was the Canaanite ruler of Amurru, modern Lebanon, in the fourteenth century BC. He was the son of Abdi-Ashirta, the previous Egyptian vassal of Amurru and a direct contemporary of Akhenaten.The dealings of Aziru are well-known from the Amarna letters...
." -EA 114, (complete, lines 26-69(End)) (some damaged words, or lost)
See also
- Yapa-HaddaYapa-HaddaYapa-Hadda, also Yapah-Hadda, was the mayor/ruler of Biruta- of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.Yapa-Hadda is referenced in 13 letters of the Amarna letters 382–letter corpus, and specifically in relation to neighboring Gubla-, ruled by Rib-Hadda,...
, mayor of Biruta-(BeirutBeirutBeirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon, with a population ranging from 1 million to more than 2 million . Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coastline, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan...
) - Rib-HaddaRib-HaddaRib-Hadda was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten...
- Amarna lettersAmarna lettersThe Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
- AlashiyaAlashiyaAlashiya or Alasiya was a state which existed in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, and was situated somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean. It was a major source of goods, especially copper, for Ancient Egypt and other states in the Ancient Near East. It is referred to in a number of the surviving...
/Cyprus - AmenmesseAmenmesseAmenmesse was the 5th ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt, possibly the son of Merneptah and Queen Takhat. Others consider him to be one of the innumerable sons of Ramesses II. Very little is known about this king, who ruled Egypt for only three to four years...
–Pharaoh