Yapa-Hadda
Encyclopedia
Yapa-Hadda, also Yapah-Hadda, was the mayor/ruler of Biruta-(Beirut
) of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters
correspondence
.
Yapa-Hadda is referenced in 13 letters of the Amarna letters 382–letter corpus
, and specifically in relation to neighboring Gubla-(Byblos
), ruled by Rib-Hadda
, (who was the most prolific writer of the Amarna letters, (68)). Yapa-Hadda is sometimes the subject of letters, typically involved with his ships, and a collusion of cities, all against Gubla and Rib-Haddi.
Yapa-Hadda is the author of two letters, both sent to the pharaoh, one by way of Šumu-Haddi, (EA 97), the other to the pharaoh by way of an Egyptian commissioner (EA 98), (EA is for 'el Amarna
').
of Gubla: (Tablet 113–I is nonexistent.)
pharaoh by way of Sumu Haddi:
EA 98, title: "Losses from Byblos to Ugarit
Letter sent to Egypt, and commissioner, Yanhamu
:
Beirut
Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon, with a population ranging from 1 million to more than 2 million . Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coastline, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan...
) of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters
Amarna letters
The Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
correspondence
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
.
Yapa-Hadda is referenced in 13 letters of the Amarna letters 382–letter corpus
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
, and specifically in relation to neighboring Gubla-(Byblos
Byblos
Byblos is the Greek name of the Phoenician city Gebal . It is a Mediterranean city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of present-day Lebanon under the current Arabic name of Jubayl and was also referred to as Gibelet during the Crusades...
), ruled by Rib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten...
, (who was the most prolific writer of the Amarna letters, (68)). Yapa-Hadda is sometimes the subject of letters, typically involved with his ships, and a collusion of cities, all against Gubla and Rib-Haddi.
Yapa-Hadda is the author of two letters, both sent to the pharaoh, one by way of Šumu-Haddi, (EA 97), the other to the pharaoh by way of an Egyptian commissioner (EA 98), (EA is for 'el Amarna
Amarna
Amarna is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site that represents the remains of the capital city newly–established and built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten of the late Eighteenth Dynasty , and abandoned shortly afterwards...
').
EA 113, title: "War and peace"
This letter is tablet-II of a two-tablet letter. Letter no. 42 of 68, authored by Rib-HaddaRib-Hadda
Rib-Hadda was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten...
of Gubla: (Tablet 113–I is nonexistent.)
- "Moreover, ... -lacunaLacuna (manuscripts)A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
of 3 lines-(a 2nd letter(two-tablet letter)) - ... Inquire from another may[or]. Is he not [always] c[ommitting] or plotting a crime? Look, Yapah-Hadda has commit[ted] a crime. Be informed! [What] has the king-(i.e. pharaohPharaohPharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. The title originates in the term "pr-aa" which means "great house" and describes the royal palace...
), done to hi[m]? Moreover, what have I done t[o] Yapah-Hadda that he plo[ts] evil upon evil against m[e]? As he has plundered two of my shipShipSince the end of the age of sail a ship has been any large buoyant marine vessel. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size and cargo or passenger capacity. Ships are used on lakes, seas, and rivers for a variety of activities, such as the transport of people or goods, fishing,...
s and my sheep and goatGoatThe domestic goat is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the Bovidae family and is closely related to the sheep as both are in the goat-antelope subfamily Caprinae. There are over three hundred distinct breeds of...
s so that the amount of my property in his possession is very large, may the king [se]nd his commissionerCommissionerCommissioner is in principle the title given to a member of a commission or to an individual who has been given a commission ....
[to de]cide between the two of us. [Everything] that [is ta]ken from him [may he (the king) take]. Concerning [my] property [that] is in [his] possession [he should inquire of] my [m]en ... [... fr]om Rib-HaddaRib-HaddaRib-Hadda was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten...
, [and] for the 'ApiruHabiruHabiru or Apiru or ˁpr.w was the name given by various Sumerian, Egyptian, Akkadian, Hittite, Mitanni, and Ugaritic sources to a group of people living as nomadic invaders in areas of the Fertile Crescent from Northeastern Mesopotamia and Iran to the borders of Egypt in Canaan...
, has [all of it] be[en acquired], but there is no one that [can ta]ke anything belonging to him from my [hand]. Why am [I] not able like my associates to send a man to the palacePalaceA palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word itself is derived from the Latin name Palātium, for Palatine Hill, one of the seven hills in Rome. In many parts of Europe, the...
? Their cities are theirs, [and] they are at peace. May the SunReRe, bre, moré is an interjection common to Cypriot Greek, the languages of the Balkans, Turkish, and Venetian, with its "locus... more in the Greek world than elsewhere". It is used in colloquial speech to gain someone's attention, add emphasis, insult, or express surprise or astonishment, like...
establish [my] honor in your presence so that you bring peace to [your servant], and then he will never leave your side. Tell AmanmaššaAmanmaššaAmanmašša is the name of an Egyptian official, but probably two separate officials-, in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Amanmašša's name in Egyptian means "Amun-born", ....
to sta[y] with me so he can brin[g] my tablet to yo[u. For] once he goes off, there will be no one to bring [my tablet] to you. So may the [k]ing be con[cerned] about Amanmašša [so] he sta[ys with me] ... and Yapah-Hadda ... [So send] provisions for the cities t[hat have not] turned again[st you]." -EA 113–II, lines 4-48 (complete, but with lacunaeLacuna (manuscripts)A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
)
EA 97, title: "A bad reputation"
Letter of Yapa-Hadda sent to the EgyptianAncient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh...
pharaoh by way of Sumu Haddi:
- "To Šumu-Hadd[i (...): Mes]sage of Yap pa[h-Hadda]. May (your personal) god show concern for you. [I kn]ow that your reputation with the king-(i.e. pharaoh) is [b]ad, and so you cannot leave Egypt-('Mizri', see: MizraimMizraimMizraim is the Hebrew name for the land of Egypt, with the dual suffix -āyim, perhaps referring to the "two Egypts": Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt....
). You did [n]ot cause the loss of [the king's lands; 'Abdi-AširtaAbdi-AshirtaAbdi-Ashirta was the ruler of Amurru, a new kingdom in southern Syria subject to nominal Egyptian control, that was in conflict with King Rib-Hadda of Byblos....
c]aused the loss. .... - ... ..." -EA 97 (complete lines 1-11; 12-21(end) is a lacunaLacuna (manuscripts)A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
)
EA 98, title: "Losses from Byblos to UgaritUgaritUgarit was an ancient port city in the eastern Mediterranean at the Ras Shamra headland near Latakia, Syria. It is located near Minet el-Beida in northern Syria. It is some seven miles north of Laodicea ad Mare and approximately fifty miles east of Cyprus...
"
Letter sent to Egypt, and commissioner, YanhamuYanhamu
Yanhamu, also Yenhamu, and Enhamu, was an Egyptian commissioner of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.Yanhamu is referenced in 16 of the 60–letter "Rib-Hadda of Gubla"- sub-corpus, and also 12 additional letters....
:
- "[S]ay [t]o YanhamuYanhamuYanhamu, also Yenhamu, and Enhamu, was an Egyptian commissioner of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.Yanhamu is referenced in 16 of the 60–letter "Rib-Hadda of Gubla"- sub-corpus, and also 12 additional letters....
: Message of Yapah-Hadda. Why have you been neglectful of SumurZemarZemar was a Phoenician city in what is now Syria. Zemar was a major trade center....
-(ZemarZemarZemar was a Phoenician city in what is now Syria. Zemar was a major trade center....
), so that all lands from GublaByblosByblos is the Greek name of the Phoenician city Gebal . It is a Mediterranean city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of present-day Lebanon under the current Arabic name of Jubayl and was also referred to as Gibelet during the Crusades...
to UgaritUgaritUgarit was an ancient port city in the eastern Mediterranean at the Ras Shamra headland near Latakia, Syria. It is located near Minet el-Beida in northern Syria. It is some seven miles north of Laodicea ad Mare and approximately fifty miles east of Cyprus...
have become enemies in the service of AziruAziruAziru was the Canaanite ruler of Amurru, modern Lebanon, in the fourteenth century BC. He was the son of Abdi-Ashirta, the previous Egyptian vassal of Amurru and a direct contemporary of Akhenaten.The dealings of Aziru are well-known from the Amarna letters...
? Šigata and AmpiEnfehEnfeh is a Greek Orthodox town, on the coast of North Lebanon, in El-Koura district It is located 65 Kilometers north of Beirut and 15 Kilometers south of Tripoli. Its total area is 4,937,721 m2, and its population is around 6,500....
-(EnfehEnfehEnfeh is a Greek Orthodox town, on the coast of North Lebanon, in El-Koura district It is located 65 Kilometers north of Beirut and 15 Kilometers south of Tripoli. Its total area is 4,937,721 m2, and its population is around 6,500....
) are enemies. He has now [st]ationed ships of Arw[ad]aArwadArwad – formerly known as Arado , Arados , Arvad, Arpad, Arphad, and Antiochia in Pieria , also called Ruad Island – located in the Mediterranean Sea, is the only inhabited island in Syria. The town of Arwad takes up the entire island...
[i]n Ampi and in Šigata so grainCerealCereals are grasses cultivated for the edible components of their grain , composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran...
cannot be brought into Sumur. Not are we able to enter Sumur, and so what can we ourselves do? Write to the palacePalaceA palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word itself is derived from the Latin name Palātium, for Palatine Hill, one of the seven hills in Rome. In many parts of Europe, the...
about this [mat]ter. It is good [tha]t you are inf(or)med." -EA 98, lines 1-26 (complete)
See also
- Rib-HaddaRib-HaddaRib-Hadda was king of Byblos during the mid fourteenth century BCE. He is the author of some sixty of the Amarna letters all to Akhenaten...
- AmanmaššaAmanmaššaAmanmašša is the name of an Egyptian official, but probably two separate officials-, in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Amanmašša's name in Egyptian means "Amun-born", ....
, Egyptian official - YanhamuYanhamuYanhamu, also Yenhamu, and Enhamu, was an Egyptian commissioner of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.Yanhamu is referenced in 16 of the 60–letter "Rib-Hadda of Gubla"- sub-corpus, and also 12 additional letters....
, Egyptian commissioner - Gubla
- BeirutBeirutBeirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon, with a population ranging from 1 million to more than 2 million . Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coastline, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan...