Amphisbatinae
Encyclopedia
| image =
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Adult Psorosticha zizyphi
| regnum = Animal
ia
| phylum = Arthropod
a
| classis = Insect
a
| ordo = Lepidoptera
| subordo = Glossata
| infraordo = Heteroneura
| zoodivisio = Ditrysia
| superfamilia = Gelechioidea
| familia = Oecophoridae
(disputed)
| subfamilia = Amphisbatinae (but see text)
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
Several, see text
| synonyms =
Amphisbatidae
Amphisbatini
(but see text)
}}
The Amphisbatinae are a small subfamily of moth
s in the superfamily
Gelechioidea
. Like their relatives therein, their exact relationships are not yet very well resolved. The present lineage is often included in the Depressariinae
as a tribe
Amphisbatini, though more often within the context of a "splitting
" approach to Gelechioidea systematics
and taxonomy
, wherein the Depressariinae are elevated to full family rank and the Amphisbatinae are treated as a subfamily therein. An even more extremely split-up layout even treats the Amphisbatinae as full family Amphisbatidae. In the scheme used here, the Amphisbatinae are included in the Oecophoridae
as a subfamily alongside the Depressariinae.
That nonwithstanding, the delimitation of Amphisbatinae versus the Depressariinae and Oecophorinae
is problematic, and several individual genera
have been moved from one to the other. As regards subdivisions, the Amphisbatinae are commonly divided into the tribes Amphisbatini, Fuchsiini, Hypercalliini and Telechrysidini. But neither are these subdivisions as firmly delimited as it might seem, nor are they particularly diverse (several Amphisbatinae taxa are monotypic
). Thus, the Amphisbatinae are here not divided into tribes pending the availability of more thorough phylogenetic studies and better information on the subfamily's scope and relationships.
More recently, it was discovered that the enigmatic genus Lypusa
, traditionally held to be a monotypic family of Tineoidea
, is closely related to Amphisbatis and Pseudatemelia
. The name for the combined group is to be determined.
of Amphisbatinae include:
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Adult Psorosticha zizyphi
Psorosticha zizyphi
The Citrus Leaf Roller is a moth of the Oecophoridae family. It is found in south-east Asia, including Hong Kong, India, Ceylon, New Guinea and Queensland and New South Wales in Australia....
| regnum = Animal
Animal
Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and...
ia
| phylum = Arthropod
Arthropod
An arthropod is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton , a segmented body, and jointed appendages. Arthropods are members of the phylum Arthropoda , and include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others...
a
| classis = Insect
Insect
Insects are a class of living creatures within the arthropods that have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body , three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennae...
a
| ordo = Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera is a large order of insects that includes moths and butterflies . It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies...
| subordo = Glossata
Glossata
Glossata is the suborder of the insect order Lepidoptera that includes all the superfamilies of moths and butterflies that have a coilable proboscis. ....
| infraordo = Heteroneura
Heteroneura
Heteroneura is a natural group in the insect order Lepidoptera that comprises over 99% of all butterflies and moths. This is the sister group of the infraorder Exoporia , and is characterised by wing venation which is not similar or homoneurous in both pairs of wings....
| zoodivisio = Ditrysia
Ditrysia
The Ditrysia are a natural group or clade of insects in the Lepidopteran order containing both butterflies and moths. They are so named because the female has two distinct sexual openings: one for mating, and the other for laying eggs .About 98% of described species of Lepidoptera belong to Ditrysia...
| superfamilia = Gelechioidea
Gelechioidea
| name = Curved-horn moths| image = Xylorycta assimilis.jpg| image_width = 240px| image_caption = Adult Xylorycta assimilis of the Xyloryctidae, photographed in Aranda Note prominent "horns" and long antennae| regnum = Animalia| phylum = Arthropoda...
| familia = Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this....
(disputed)
| subfamilia = Amphisbatinae (but see text)
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
Several, see text
| synonyms =
Amphisbatidae
Amphisbatini
(but see text)
}}
The Amphisbatinae are a small subfamily of moth
Moth
A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. Moths form the majority of this order; there are thought to be 150,000 to 250,000 different species of moth , with thousands of species yet to be described...
s in the superfamily
Taxonomic rank
In biological classification, rank is the level in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, and class. Each rank subsumes under it a number of less general categories...
Gelechioidea
Gelechioidea
| name = Curved-horn moths| image = Xylorycta assimilis.jpg| image_width = 240px| image_caption = Adult Xylorycta assimilis of the Xyloryctidae, photographed in Aranda Note prominent "horns" and long antennae| regnum = Animalia| phylum = Arthropoda...
. Like their relatives therein, their exact relationships are not yet very well resolved. The present lineage is often included in the Depressariinae
Depressariinae
| image = Psorosticha zizyphi .jpg| image_width = 240px| image_caption = Adult Psorosticha zizyphi| regnum = Animalia| phylum = Arthropoda| classis = Insecta| ordo = Lepidoptera| subordo = Glossata| infraordo = Heteroneura...
as a tribe
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...
Amphisbatini, though more often within the context of a "splitting
Lumpers and splitters
Lumping and splitting refers to a well-known problem in any discipline which has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper/splitter problem occurs when there is the need to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example schools of literature,...
" approach to Gelechioidea systematics
Systematics
Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of terrestrial life, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees...
and taxonomy
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science of identifying and naming species, and arranging them into a classification. The field of taxonomy, sometimes referred to as "biological taxonomy", revolves around the description and use of taxonomic units, known as taxa...
, wherein the Depressariinae are elevated to full family rank and the Amphisbatinae are treated as a subfamily therein. An even more extremely split-up layout even treats the Amphisbatinae as full family Amphisbatidae. In the scheme used here, the Amphisbatinae are included in the Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this....
as a subfamily alongside the Depressariinae.
That nonwithstanding, the delimitation of Amphisbatinae versus the Depressariinae and Oecophorinae
Oecophorinae
| image = Philobota1.jpg| image_width = 250px| image_caption = Adult of Philobota arabella or a related species,Aranda | regnum = Animalia| phylum = Arthropoda| classis = Insecta| ordo = Lepidoptera| subordo = Glossata| infraordo = Heteroneura...
is problematic, and several individual genera
Genera
Genera is a commercial operating system and development environment for Lisp machines developed by Symbolics. It is essentially a fork of an earlier operating system originating on the MIT AI Lab's Lisp machines which Symbolics had used in common with LMI and Texas Instruments...
have been moved from one to the other. As regards subdivisions, the Amphisbatinae are commonly divided into the tribes Amphisbatini, Fuchsiini, Hypercalliini and Telechrysidini. But neither are these subdivisions as firmly delimited as it might seem, nor are they particularly diverse (several Amphisbatinae taxa are monotypic
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group with only one biological type. The term's usage differs slightly between botany and zoology. The term monotypic has a separate use in conservation biology, monotypic habitat, regarding species habitat conversion eliminating biodiversity and...
). Thus, the Amphisbatinae are here not divided into tribes pending the availability of more thorough phylogenetic studies and better information on the subfamily's scope and relationships.
More recently, it was discovered that the enigmatic genus Lypusa
Lypusa
Lypusa is a genus of moths of the Lypusidae family, traditionally held to be a monotypic lineage of Tineoidea. However, it may actually belong to the same lineage of Gelechioidea as the Amphisbatinae ....
, traditionally held to be a monotypic family of Tineoidea
Tineoidea
Tineoidea is the superfamily of moths that includes clothes moths, bagworms and relatives. There are six families usually included within it, Eriocottidae, Arrhenophanidae, Lypusidae, Acrolophidae, Tineidae and Psychidae, whose relationships are currently uncertain.The Lypusidae, for example, might...
, is closely related to Amphisbatis and Pseudatemelia
Pseudatemelia
Pseudatemelia is a genus of gelechioid moths. In the systematic layout used here, it is placed in the subfamily Amphisbatinae of the concealer moth family...
. The name for the combined group is to be determined.
Selected genera
GeneraGenera
Genera is a commercial operating system and development environment for Lisp machines developed by Symbolics. It is essentially a fork of an earlier operating system originating on the MIT AI Lab's Lisp machines which Symbolics had used in common with LMI and Texas Instruments...
of Amphisbatinae include:
- Amphisbatis Zeller, 1870
- Anchinia Hübner, 1825 (Oecophorinae?)
- Eupragia Walsingham, 1911
- Fuchsia Spuler, 1910
- Hypercallia Stephens, 1829 (Oecophorinae?)
- Hypercallia citrinalisHypercallia citrinalisHypercallia citrinalis is a moth of the Oecophoridae family. It is found in Europe.The wingspan is about 19 mm. The moth flies from June to July depending on the location. The larvae feed on Polygala vulgaris and Polygala calcarea....
- Hypercallia citrinalis
- ParatemeliaParatemeliaParatemelia is a genus of gelechioid moths. In the systematic layout used here, it is placed in the subfamily Amphisbatinae of the concealer moth family...
- PseudatemeliaPseudatemeliaPseudatemelia is a genus of gelechioid moths. In the systematic layout used here, it is placed in the subfamily Amphisbatinae of the concealer moth family...
- Telechrysis Toll, 1956 (Oecophorinae?)