Anadyr (town)
Encyclopedia
Anadyr is a port
town and the administrative centre of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
, the extreme north-eastern region of Russia
. It is at the mouth of the Anadyr River
, on the tip of the southern promontory that sticks out into Anadyrskiy Liman
. At 177°30′E, Anadyr is the easternmost town in Russia (more easterly locations, such as Provideniya
and Uelen
do not have town status by the Russian definition). It was founded on July 21, 1889 as Novo-Mariinsk, and renamed on August 5, 1923 following the Kamchatka Revkom. Town status was granted on January 12, 1965.
word "any-an" meaning "river". When Semyon Dezhnev
met Yukaghir
peoples in the area and the indigenous name was corrupted to form "Onandyr", later Anadyrsk
, the name of the ostrog
(fort) upstream of the present-day settlement, from which the current name is derived.
Pyotr Baranov (brother of Alexander Andreyevich Baranov) established a trading post near the present town site in the early 19th century; Chukchi settlement around it formed the village of Vyon in 1830.
The present settlement was founded by L. F. Grinevetsky, who sailed into the Anadyrskiy Liman on July 9, 1889. The town's first building was completed 12 days later and as it was the name-day of Tsarista Maria Feodorovna the town was named Mariinsk. Since this was not the first time that a town had been named Mariinsk in Russia, the name was swiftly changed to Novo-Mariinsk.
The presence of Communism
was not initially welcomed by the merchants of the town. The first Revkom was founded on January 16, 1919 and barely lasted 2 weeks before its members were thrown out of the town and summarily executed. However, the merchants of the town fared worse 18 months later when the Bolsheviks returned and began to reorganise urban life.
The town originally also incorporated other urban-type settlement
s such as Ugolnye Kopi
, Shakhtyorsky
and villages (selos) such as Tavaivaam
, but these are independent settlements.
Although Anadyr is the largest town in the whole of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and the Administrative centre of the Okrug
, it is not the Administrative centre of Anadyrsky District, which is in Ugolnye Kopi.
of the Bering Sea
and is connected to almost all big Russian Far East
ern sea ports. The Anadyr Ugolny Airport serves major and minor cities in the Russian Far East
with connections to Khabarovsk
, Vladivostok
and Moscow
, and Bering Air
charter flights to Nome
, Alaska
. The airport is on the other side of the Anadyrskiy Liman
and between January and May transportation from the airport to Anadyr is by ice road
.
(Köppen climate classification
Dfc). The weather in Anadyr is extremely changeable, with heavy storms often being brought in from the Anadyrskiy Liman
and the Bering Sea
. This coupled with strong southerly winds in the autumn often brings flooding to the area.
Port
A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land....
town and the administrative centre of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug , or Chukotka , is a federal subject of Russia located in the Russian Far East.Chukotka has a population of 53,824 according to the 2002 Census, and a surface area of . The principal town and the administrative center is Anadyr...
, the extreme north-eastern region of Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. It is at the mouth of the Anadyr River
Anadyr River
Anadyr is a river in the far northeast Siberia which flows into Anadyr Bay of the Bering Sea and drains much of the interior of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Its basin corresponds to the Anadyrsky District of Chukotka....
, on the tip of the southern promontory that sticks out into Anadyrskiy Liman
Anadyrskiy Liman
Anadyrskiy Liman or Anadyr Estuary is an estuary on the Gulf of Anadyr in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Siberia, the Russian Federation. It is called a liman because it is separated from the Gulf of Anadyr by the Russkaya Koshka spit in the north and another spit in the south...
. At 177°30′E, Anadyr is the easternmost town in Russia (more easterly locations, such as Provideniya
Provideniya
Provideniya , is an urban-type settlement situated on Komsomolskaya Bay, part of Provideniya Bay in the northeastern part of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located across the Bering Strait from Alaska, and is very close to the International Date Line. The town is served by Provideniya...
and Uelen
Uelen
Uelen is a rural locality in the Chukotsky District, just south of the Arctic Circle in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the Russian Far East. Population: 776 in 2003, with 595 Chukchi and 72 Yupik. Located near Cape Dezhnev where the Bering Sea meets the Chukchi Sea, it is the easternmost settlement...
do not have town status by the Russian definition). It was founded on July 21, 1889 as Novo-Mariinsk, and renamed on August 5, 1923 following the Kamchatka Revkom. Town status was granted on January 12, 1965.
History
Although the town itself has only been in existence for just over a century, the origins of the name Anadyr are much older. The name initially derives from the YukaghirYukaghir languages
The Yukaghir languages are a small family of two closely related languages – Tundra and Kolyma Yukaghir – spoken by the Yukaghir in the Russian Far East living in the basin of the Kolyma River. According to the 2002 Russian census, both Yukaghir languages taken together have 604 speakers...
word "any-an" meaning "river". When Semyon Dezhnev
Semyon Dezhnev
Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnyov was a Russian explorer of Siberia and the first European to sail through the Bering Strait. In 1648 he sailed from the Kolyma River on the Arctic Ocean to the Anadyr River on the Pacific...
met Yukaghir
Yukaghir
The Yukaghir, or Yukagirs , деткиль ) are a people in East Siberia, living in the basin of the Kolyma River.-Region:The Tundra Yukaghirs live in the Lower Kolyma region in the Sakha Republic; the Taiga Yukaghirs in the Upper Kolyma region in the Sakha Republic and in Srednekansky District of...
peoples in the area and the indigenous name was corrupted to form "Onandyr", later Anadyrsk
Anadyrsk
thumb|Anadyrsk was on the east-west part of the Anadyr River at the point where it swings northAnadyrsk was an important Russian ostrog in far northeastern Siberia from 1649 to 1764...
, the name of the ostrog
Ostrog (fortress)
Ostrog was a Russian term for a small fort, typically wooden and often non-permanently manned. Ostrogs were encircled by 4-6 metres high palisade walls made from sharpened trunks. The name derives from the Russian word строгать , "to shave the wood". Ostrogs were smaller and exclusively military...
(fort) upstream of the present-day settlement, from which the current name is derived.
Pyotr Baranov (brother of Alexander Andreyevich Baranov) established a trading post near the present town site in the early 19th century; Chukchi settlement around it formed the village of Vyon in 1830.
The present settlement was founded by L. F. Grinevetsky, who sailed into the Anadyrskiy Liman on July 9, 1889. The town's first building was completed 12 days later and as it was the name-day of Tsarista Maria Feodorovna the town was named Mariinsk. Since this was not the first time that a town had been named Mariinsk in Russia, the name was swiftly changed to Novo-Mariinsk.
The presence of Communism
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
was not initially welcomed by the merchants of the town. The first Revkom was founded on January 16, 1919 and barely lasted 2 weeks before its members were thrown out of the town and summarily executed. However, the merchants of the town fared worse 18 months later when the Bolsheviks returned and began to reorganise urban life.
The town originally also incorporated other urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...
s such as Ugolnye Kopi
Ugolnye Kopi
Ugolnye Kopi is an urban-type settlement north west of Anadyr, on the opposite side of the Anadyr River. It is the administrative center of Anadyrsky District of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and part of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia...
, Shakhtyorsky
Shakhtyorsky, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Shakhtyorsky , is an urban-type settlement in Anadyrsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. As of 2008, it is in the process of being abolished due to it no longer being considered economically viable to continue mining in the area. Population: 328 ; As a result of the cessation of...
and villages (selos) such as Tavaivaam
Tavaivaam
Tavayvaam is a rural locality under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of Anadyr in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Municipally, it is a part of Anadyr Urban Okrug. The village is a predominantly indigenous settlement effectively within the suburbs of Anadyr.-Demographics:Tavayvaam is...
, but these are independent settlements.
Although Anadyr is the largest town in the whole of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and the Administrative centre of the Okrug
Okrug
Okrug is an administrative division of some Slavic states. The word "okrug" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "district", or "region"....
, it is not the Administrative centre of Anadyrsky District, which is in Ugolnye Kopi.
Demographics
| 1926 | 1939 | 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 224 | 3344 | 5859 | 7703 | 12241 | 17094 | 11038 | 11777 |
Transportation
Anadyr is an important sea port on the Gulf of AnadyrGulf of Anadyr
The Gulf of Anadyr, or Anadyr Bay , is a large bay on the Bering Sea in far northeast Siberia.-Location:The bay is roughly rectangular and opens to the southeast. The corners are Cape Navarin , Anadyr Estuary, Kresta Bay and Cape Chukotsky on the Chukchi Peninsula...
of the Bering Sea
Bering Sea
The Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It comprises a deep water basin, which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelves....
and is connected to almost all big Russian Far East
Russian Far East
Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean...
ern sea ports. The Anadyr Ugolny Airport serves major and minor cities in the Russian Far East
Russian Far East
Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean...
with connections to Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk is the largest city and the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located some from the Chinese border. It is the second largest city in the Russian Far East, after Vladivostok. The city became the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia...
, Vladivostok
Vladivostok
The city is located in the southern extremity of Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, which is about 30 km long and approximately 12 km wide.The highest point is Mount Kholodilnik, the height of which is 257 m...
and Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, and Bering Air
Bering Air
Bering Air is an American regional airline headquartered in Nome, Alaska, USA. It operates domestic scheduled passenger and charter services, as well as air ambulance and helicopter services...
charter flights to Nome
Nome, Alaska
Nome is a city in the Nome Census Area in the Unorganized Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska, located on the southern Seward Peninsula coast on Norton Sound of the Bering Sea. According to the 2010 Census, the city population was 3,598. Nome was incorporated on April 9, 1901, and was once the...
, Alaska
Alaska
Alaska is the largest state in the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait...
. The airport is on the other side of the Anadyrskiy Liman
Anadyrskiy Liman
Anadyrskiy Liman or Anadyr Estuary is an estuary on the Gulf of Anadyr in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Siberia, the Russian Federation. It is called a liman because it is separated from the Gulf of Anadyr by the Russkaya Koshka spit in the north and another spit in the south...
and between January and May transportation from the airport to Anadyr is by ice road
Ice road
Ice roads are frozen, human-made structures on the surface of bays, rivers, lakes, or seas in the far north. They link dry land, frozen waterways, portages and winter roads, and are usually remade each winter. Ice roads allow temporary transport to areas with no permanent road access...
.
Climate
Anadyr experiences a subarctic climateSubarctic climate
The subarctic climate is a climate characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers. It is found on large landmasses, away from the moderating effects of an ocean, generally at latitudes from 50° to 70°N poleward of the humid continental climates...
(Köppen climate classification
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...
Dfc). The weather in Anadyr is extremely changeable, with heavy storms often being brought in from the Anadyrskiy Liman
Anadyrskiy Liman
Anadyrskiy Liman or Anadyr Estuary is an estuary on the Gulf of Anadyr in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Siberia, the Russian Federation. It is called a liman because it is separated from the Gulf of Anadyr by the Russkaya Koshka spit in the north and another spit in the south...
and the Bering Sea
Bering Sea
The Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It comprises a deep water basin, which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelves....
. This coupled with strong southerly winds in the autumn often brings flooding to the area.
Famous people
- Valery Ivanovich Tokarev, cosmonaut, was raised in Anadyr
- Roman AbramovichRoman AbramovichRoman Arkadyevich Abramovich is a Russian businessman and the main owner of the private investment company Millhouse LLC.In 2003, Abramovich was named Person of the Year by Expert, a Russian business magazine. He shared this title with Mikhail Khodorkovsky...
, oil oligarchBusiness oligarchBusiness oligarch is a near-synonym of the term "business magnate", borrowed by the English speaking and western media from post-Soviet parlance to describe the huge, fast-acquired wealth of some businessmen of the former Soviet republics during the privatization in Russia and other post-Soviet...
and the former governor of Chukotka, invested much of his wealth in the town's infrastructure
See also
- List of inhabited localities in Anadyrsky District
- Extreme points of RussiaExtreme points of RussiaThis is a list of the extreme points and extreme elevations in Russia.The northernmost and easternmost points of Russia coincide with those of Eurasia ....