Anandashram Swami

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Swami Ānandāshram also called Nagari , is an abugida alphabet of India and Nepal...

: आनंदाश्रम्, ) was the ninth guru

Guru

A guru is one who is regarded as having great knowledge, wisdom, and authority in a certain area, and who uses it to guide others . Other forms of manifestation of this principle can include parents, school teachers, non-human objects and even one's own intellectual discipline, if the...

and the Head of the community of the Chitrapur Saraswats. He succeeded his guru

Guru

Swami Pandurangashram

Pandurangashram

His Holiness Swami Pāndurangāshram was the EIGHTH guru of the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin community. He was the guru for a period of 52 years from 1863 to 1915...

in 1915. He remained the Head of the community for a period of 51 years till he attained Mahā-Samādhi(died) in 1966.

Swami Ānandāshram had to work a lot on his own to attain mastery over the Sanskrit scriptures as he had been initiated into just 9 days after his ordination as a shishya(disciple). Thus he had no time to learn under the tutelage of a guru

Guru

. His learning was taken care of mostly by the priests of Chitrapur Math

Chitrapur Math

Chitrapur Math is the central Math for the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin sect. This Math is located in Shirali in North Kanara area of Karnataka and has been there since 1757. The other Maths of this community are located in Gokarn, Karla, Mangalore and Mallapur...

along with special tutors.

His regime is characterised by progress and prosperity of the community after the initial periods of financial instability. Swami Ānandāshram regularly visited the various centres of the community all over the country without restricting himself to the Kanara

Kanara

The Kanara or Canara region comprises three coastal districts of Karnataka, namely Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada and Kasaragod district of Kerala in southwestern India. Kanara forms the southern part of the Konkan coast...

districts. Under his regime the strict social norms enforced by his predecessor, Swami Pāndurangāshram

Pandurangashram

His Holiness Swami Pāndurangāshram was the EIGHTH guru of the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin community. He was the guru for a period of 52 years from 1863 to 1915...

were made more lenient.

He attained Mahā-samādhi(died) in 1966 and was succeeded by his shishya(Disciple) Swami Parijñānāshram III

Parijnanashram III

Swami Parijnanashram III was the tenth guru of the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin community. He succeeded his teacher Swami Ānandāshram in 1966 after the latter died....

. His samādhi(shrine) is located at Shirali

Shirali

Shirali is a village in the located in the Bhatkal subdistrict of Uttara Kannada district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Shirali is home to two prominent temples: the Chitrapur Matt and the Maha Ganapathi Mahammaya Temple...

within the premises of the Chitrapur Math.

(NOTE: Henceforth in this article, Swamiji will refer to Swami Ānandāshram)

Initial period

Swami Ānandāshram was born Shāntamūrti Haridās Bhat to one of the priests in the Chitrapur Math

Chitrapur Math

by name Haridas Rāmchandra Bhat and his wife Jānakidevi on June 29, 1902. Swami Pāndurangāshram

Pandurangashram

His Holiness Swami Pāndurangāshram was the EIGHTH guru of the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin community. He was the guru for a period of 52 years from 1863 to 1915...

had accepted Shāntamoorthy as his shishya(disciple) on June 5, 1915 just nine days before he attained Mahā-samādhi(died). Swami Ānandāshram was ordained as the head of the community on June 14, 1915 at the age of 13. Thus he had the sole sovereignty over the community with no time to learn (Sanskrit Scriptures, Administrative responsibilities etc.) under the tutelage of a guru

Guru

.

Swami Pāndurangāshram had foreseen the difficulty his disciple might have to face and so ordered that the administrative duties of the matha and the community should not be given to him until he had received due education and necessary training. Until then the administrative responsibilities would be taken care of by the Shukla Bhats of the matha(See Shukla Bhats). The community would continue to worship the pāduka(wooden slippers worn by Hindu saints) of Swami Pāndurangāshram till Swami Ānandāshram attained the required training.

The general education of Swamiji was taken care of the priests in the Chitrapur Matha. Special tutors were arranged for teaching specific scriptures. However Swamiji had to teach himself almost everything. However teaching himself such a huge volume of literature was a herculean task. Twice he was overcome with frustration and he left the premises of the matha, without anyone's knowledge, to take up life of a sanyasi(Ascetic) and to quench his thirst for knowledge. But both times he returned upon the urgent requests of his devotees who promised him that things at the matha would be fine.

In 1927, Swamiji set out for Rishikesh, located at the foothills of the Himalayas

Himalayas

The Himalaya Range or Himalaya Mountains Sanskrit: Devanagari: हिमालय, literally "abode of snow"), usually called the Himalayas or Himalaya for short, is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau...

, to the ashram
Ashram
Traditionally, an ashram is a spiritual hermitage. Additionally, today the term ashram often denotes a locus of Indian cultural activity such as yoga, music study or religious instruction, the moral equivalent of a studio or dojo....

(Hermitage) of Swami Krishnāchārya Saraswati under whom he studied for many days. Under him, Swamiji learnt the Brahma sūtras

Brahma Sutras

The Brahma sūtras , also known as Vedānta Sūtras , are one of the three canonical texts of the Vedānta school of Hindu philosophy. A thorough study of Vedānta requires a close examination of these three texts, known in Sanskrit as the Prasthanatrayi, or the three starting points...

and other texts. Swami Krishnāchārya later visited Shirali

Shirali

and continued to teach him.

Financial Crisis

During the initial period of Swamiji's reign, the Chitrapur Math

Chitrapur Math

faced acute financial constraints. The income for the matha was steadily decreasing. The matha faced a huge debt of Rupees 80,000 with the interests alone absorbing Rupees 5,000 which was a huge amount in the early 1930s. The severe financial restriction was because of many reasons some of which are:

Advent of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
Severe drought conditions in the Kanara
Kanara
The Kanara or Canara region comprises three coastal districts of Karnataka, namely Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada and Kasaragod district of Kerala in southwestern India. Kanara forms the southern part of the Konkan coast...

districts and the country in general
Financial burden occurring due to the last parts of India's Freedom struggle
Indian independence movement
The term Indian independence movement encompasses a wide area of political organisations, philosophies, and movements which had the common aim of ending first British East India Company rule, and then British imperial authority, in parts of South Asia...

.

Tackling this financial situation was given top priority by Swamiji. The measures included Suspension of the Rathōtsav(Car Festival), Introduction of Sādhana Saptāhas and framing of a new constitution

Suspension of the Rathōtsav

This time of financial crunch forced Swamiji to suspend the annual Car festival(Rathōtsav) indefinitely. The Rathōtsav, despite being a celebration that united the community, would always guzzle a large portion of the matha's funds. Suspension of the festival seemed the only logical solution as damage control over the rapidly deteriorating financial situation.

Instead a Sādhana Saptāha(Week of prayer) was introduced. This event was held during a week in the month of December every year(Usually December 24 to December 30. This event took place every year either at Shirali,Bangalore or Bombay- wherever Swamiji happened to be present.

Sādhana Saptāha
The Sāshana Saptāha was first introduced on December 24, 1940 which coincided with the Silver Jubilee of the ordination of Swamiji. This event would be held every year except for short breaks necessitated by shortage of rice or the Government's restriction on public gatherings(British had imposed rules that sometimes prevented people from gathering in large numbers even if it be for religious purposes).

The week would be filled with bhajan

Bhajan

A Bhajan is any type of Indian devotional song. It has no fixed form: it may be as simple as a mantra or kirtan or as sophisticated as the dhrupad or kriti with music based on classical ragas and talas. It is normally lyrical, expressing love for the Divine...

s(devotional songs), Āshirvachans(Spiritual discourses) and Satsangs. Similar such public functions had been held under the aegis of Swami Sivananda
Swami Sivananda
Swami Sivananda Saraswati was a Hindu spiritual teacher and a proponent of Yoga and Vedanta. Sivananda was born Kuppuswami in Pattamadai, in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. He studied medicine and served in Malaya as a physician for several years before taking up monasticism...

at Benaras and in the mathas under Mata Ananda Mayi. Thus the Sādhana Saptāha provided the community to reflect upon themselves and thus help in enlightnening the community.

New Constitution
The elders of the society decided that a constitution and a regular set of rules were needed for the smooth administration of the matha and to help it come out of financial constraints. In 1932, a representative Mahā-sabha(Mahā=Grand, sabha= gathering/meeting) was held at Shirali
Shirali
Shirali is a village in the located in the Bhatkal subdistrict of Uttara Kannada district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Shirali is home to two prominent temples: the Chitrapur Matt and the Maha Ganapathi Mahammaya Temple...

. This laid the solid foundation for co-operation between members of the community.

Under H. Shankar Rau and others, a constitution was framed that regulated expenditure. The Standing committee recommended that the Rathōtsav be suspended. Important milestones achieved during the decade from 1935 to 1944 can be briefly stated as follows:

Collection of Rupees One Lakh(Rs.100,000), a huge sum in those days, to liquidate old debts and reconstruct old buildings.(1937)

Allowing Temple entry to Harijans and other backwards members of society.

Establishment of various funds each aimed at a particular cause(Illustriated in Developmental Activities section).

Suspension of the Rathōtsav(Car festival) and introduction of the Sādhana Saptāha.

One notable factor throughout this decade was that the Standing Committee was not just a body that passed resolutions but also followed up on the resolutions with hard work. This period of toil helped the matha regain the stability(Both economic and moral) that it had lacked.

Consolidation of the community

The community in general had become distanced under the strict regime of Swami Pāndurangāshram. He had insisted on everyone strictly adhering to the Dharma

Dharma

Dharma means Law or Natural Law and is a concept of central importance in Indian philosophy and religion. In the context of Hinduism, it refers to one's personal obligations, calling and duties, and a Hindu's dharma is affected by the person's age, caste, class, occupation, and gender...

. Moreover he had excommunicated anyone who would go abroad or associate with anyone who had gone abroad. People who married outside the community were also excommunicated.

Under Swami Ānandāshram, many social reforms were introduced. He allowed the community to go abroad without any fear of expulsion. Moreover most of the people who were excommunicated by Swami Pāndurangāshram

Pandurangashram

His Holiness Swami Pāndurangāshram was the EIGHTH guru of the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin community. He was the guru for a period of 52 years from 1863 to 1915...

on grounds of foreign travel or marriage outside of the community were accepted back to the community.

The community had lived in the Kanara

Kanara

districts of Karnataka

Karnataka

Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...

till the end of the 19th century. In search of greener pastures, the young generation migrated to the urban areas of Bombay, Bangalore

Bangalore

Bengaluru , formerly called Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and...

, Madras, Delhi

Delhi

Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...

and Calcutta. Their busy schedules and other commitments resulted in the urban community drifting away from the Chitrapur Math

Chitrapur Math

.Swamiji travelled to all these urban areas and brought members of the community close.

This revival of interest in the Guru Parampara

Chitrapur Guru Parampara

The Chitrapur Guru Parampara or Guru Heritage of the Chitrāpur Sāraswat Brahmins is the lineage of spiritual teachers , also known as Mathadhipatis who have led the community throughout its history.These teachers are viewed as the torch-bearers of the rich culture and heritage that the community has...

and the Chitrapur Math

Chitrapur Math

may be as a result of a few factors:

Economic Depression: During the early 1900s, the economic condition of the urban areas began to look bleak. Employment was scarce and there was no sense of job security. This was a time when the people realized the want of spiritual guidance from a guru
Guru
A guru is one who is regarded as having great knowledge, wisdom, and authority in a certain area, and who uses it to guide others . Other forms of manifestation of this principle can include parents, school teachers, non-human objects and even one's own intellectual discipline, if the...

. This might have encouraged their sense of spiritual belonging.

Encouragement from parents: When the younger generation migrated, they took along with them their parents. These aged parents longed for the re-establishment of relations with the community. The older generation encouraged the younger generation to take part in the activities of the matha. This also contributed to the integration of the community under Swami Ānandāshram.

Developmental Activities

Swami Ānandāshram's regime was one that gave high priority for reconstruction and renovation of old buildings that were in a dilapidated condition. Various funds were established that helped serve different purposes(either for establishment of certain institutions or for renovations). The various developmental activities are mentioned in brief.

Establishment of Funds

Some of the number of funds introduced for developmental activities are as follows:

Vantiga Capital Fund: The main Vantiga(Donation) fund was established in a centralized manner whereby Vantiga receipts would flow directly into this fund. This was the capital corpus fund used for a variety of uses including the daily expenditure of the Chitrapur Math
Chitrapur Math
Chitrapur Math is the central Math for the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin sect. This Math is located in Shirali in North Kanara area of Karnataka and has been there since 1757. The other Maths of this community are located in Gokarn, Karla, Mangalore and Mallapur...

. The hard work put in by the Standing Committee helped the Vantiga fund to increase manyfolds. The rise in 1954 alone was by around Rs.40,000 which resulted in the total fund reaching Rs.4.66lakh.

Religious Instruction Fund and Priest Subsidy Fund: These funds were used to re-establish a Sanksrit School(Pāthshāla) and the Priest training centre in Shirali
Shirali
Shirali is a village in the located in the Bhatkal subdistrict of Uttara Kannada district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Shirali is home to two prominent temples: the Chitrapur Matt and the Maha Ganapathi Mahammaya Temple...

. The Subsidiy provided basic rations and amenities as subsidised rates for the priests in the Chitrapur Math
Chitrapur Math
Chitrapur Math is the central Math for the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin sect. This Math is located in Shirali in North Kanara area of Karnataka and has been there since 1757. The other Maths of this community are located in Gokarn, Karla, Mangalore and Mallapur...

.

Social Amelioration Fund: This fund was established during the first Sādhana-saptāha in 1940, which aimed at collecting money for the smooth conduct of Social functions like satsangs,āshiravachans(Spiritual discourses) etc. This was for the general social betterment of the community.

Reconstruction and Renovation

Swamiji personally took charge of various reconstruction and renovation works needed to the number of buildings that came under the community. 3 major renovation/reconstruction projects are mentioned here.

Ādi matha: Major renovation work was undertaken at the Bhandikeri Math at Gokarn. This included the consecration of the samādhi(shrine) of Ādi Parijñānāshram
Parijnanashram I
Swami Parijnanashram I or Adi Parijnanashram was the first guru and Mathadhipati of the Chitrāpur Sāraswat Brahmins...

. Concrete reinforcements were made to the existing structure. The whole sanctum-sanctorium of the temple was reconstructed. Many such changes were brought about.

Shri Ganapati Temple,Mallāpur: A community hall was built and the inner chamber of the temple was reconstructed. Massive renovations were made to the entire structure of the very old temple.

Shri Chitrapur Math,Bangalore: Under the auspices of Swamiji, some land was purchased in Malleshwaram, Bangalore
Bangalore
Bengaluru , formerly called Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and...

and a matha(Monastery) was constructed. Initially it was meant as a residence place for the devotees who came during various religious functions. Several reconstruction drives were held to convert this into a full fledged matha. It was here that Swamiji ultimately attained Mahā-samādhi(died) in 1966.

Publications

Even though the Chitrapur Math

Chitrapur Math

has been publishing books on its own since 1896, it became a "true" publishing house
under Swamiji. There are a number of books that have been published. See List of books.

Chitrapur Sunbeam: With the blessings of Swamiji, The Chitrapur Sunbeam(Chitrapur Ravikiran) was published. This was a periodical that had the following aims:

1. Propagation of Dharma

Dharma

2. Publication of the Matha accounts, news and other notes

3. A means of periodical contact between the matha and the "little community which created the matha"

See Sunbeam Archives

Directory of Vantiga Payers: There is an annual directory that is published which lists all the vantiga donors. This gives a comprehensive list of all the members of the community in and out of India who regularly contribute vantiga(donations) to the matha. Till 1978 this was part of the first issue of the 'Chitrapur Sunbeam'. After 1978, it has been printed as a separate volume.

Miracles

Swami Ānandāshram is attributed to many miracles. Some of the miracle are described below. These instances and many more are found in the Birth Centenary edition of H.H.Shrimat Anandashram Swamiji(June/July 2002) of the Chitrapur Sunbeam(Chitrapur Ravikiran) where devotees themselves have given accounts of their experiences with Swamiji.

Tiger makes way

This is the most well known miracle attributed to Swamiji because of its fantastic nature. One night Swamiji and his retinue of people were going to Āgumbe Ghat
Agumbe
Agumbe is a village located in the Shimoga district in the state of Karnataka, India. Lying in the Thirthahalli taluk and the Malnad region, Agumbe is among the places in India that receive very heavy rainfall earning it the sobriquet, "Cherrapunji of the South". It is also the home of the Agumbe...

. They were traversing through dense jungles with Swamiji at the wheel of the car. Suddenly from nowhere a full-grown tiger sprawled across the road and came to a stop right in front of Swamiji's car. Sounding of horns and flashing of the headlights did not bother the tiger which stayed rooted to the spot.

With no way to drive the tiger away, Swamiji got out of the car from the driver's seat. All the attendants in the car got the shock of their lives at the sight they saw. Swamiji went to the tiger with a calm disposition and gently whispered in its ears "We have to reach our destination. Will you please make way?". The tiger slithered away into the jungles without making a sound. Swamiji came back to the car and drove away as if nothing had happened.

Visitor from Madras

When Swamiji was at Bangalore, a visitor from Madras had come to meet him after hearing about his greatness. But Swamiji's health was not good and so he was not allowed to meet Swamiji. Instead he thought he could go to Puttaparthi

Puttaparthi

Puttaparthi is a town situated in the Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It was also the residence of the notable spiritual teacher Sathya Sai Baba....

. On the way he was in a quandary as to which great saint to meet-Sathya Sai Baba

Sathya Sai Baba

Śri Sathya Sai Baba , born as Sathyanarayana Raju was an Indian guru, spiritual figure, mystic, philanthropist, and educator. He claimed to be the reincarnation of Sai Baba of Shirdi, a spiritual saint and miracle worker who died in 1918 and whose teachings were an eclectic blend of Hindu and...

or Swami Ānandāshram. Eventually he decided to continue on his visit to meet up with Sathya Sai Baba

Sathya Sai Baba

.

This man was went ahead and met up with Sai Baba. He was in for the surprise of his life when instead of Vibhuti(Sacred Ash which is normally given to devotees who meet up with Sai Baba), he was given akshata(rice coated with vermillion

Vermillion

Vermillion is an alternative spelling for Vermilion, a red pigment and color. It may also refer to:-Locations:*Vermillion, Kansas*Vermillion, Minnesota*Vermillion, South Dakota*Vermillion County, Indiana*Vermillion River...

- usually given by the guru

Guru

of the Sāraswats to the devotees who meet up with them). This incident made the man rush back to Bangalore to meet up with Swami Ānandāshram. When he was called on by the Swamiji, he was stunned to see that with the customary coconut, he received a packet of Vibhuti instead of the akshata given to all other devotees. This incident laid proof that the guru-shakti(Spiritual power of the guru) was the same even if the guru

Guru

have different names and forms.

Devotee from Kolhapur

There lived a man in Kolhapur who had a very devout younger sister. She had been widowed with a young son and a newly born baby. She had been in a distressed state and started to live with her brother. One night she had a dream where she could hear the footsteps of Swamiji at the stairs. She was overjoyed and went to bring a chair for Swamiji to sit when she realized it was just a dream. The dream had significance since her brother had gone to Shirali

Shirali

during the Navratri celebrations.

When her brother was called by Swamiji to receive the Phalmantrākshat (Phal=fruit+mantra
Mantra
A mantra is a sound, syllable, word, or group of words that is considered capable of "creating transformation"...

=prayer+akshat=rice smeared with vermillion
Vermillion
Vermillion is an alternative spelling for Vermilion, a red pigment and color. It may also refer to:-Locations:*Vermillion, Kansas*Vermillion, Minnesota*Vermillion, South Dakota*Vermillion County, Indiana*Vermillion River...

- the Swamiji offers his devotees these 3 items as prasad
Prasad
Prasād is a mental condition of generosity, as well as a material substance that is first offered to a deity and then consumed...

), the Swamiji gave him his Pādukas(Wooden slippers worn by Hindu Saints) to be given to his sister who was in distress. The man had not even mentioned to the Swamiji that he had a sister. With tears in his eyes, he accepted the Pādukas and gave them to his sister on his returning back home. These Pādukas gave the lady the courage that she needed to bear the loss and live her life with strength and determination.

Shishya Sweekar

The years rolled by under the reign of Swami Ānandāshram. In 1959 the devotees humbly suggested to Swamiji to accept a shishya(Disciple) so that the sacred Guru Parampara
Chitrapur Guru Parampara
The Chitrapur Guru Parampara or Guru Heritage of the Chitrāpur Sāraswat Brahmins is the lineage of spiritual teachers , also known as Mathadhipatis who have led the community throughout its history.These teachers are viewed as the torch-bearers of the rich culture and heritage that the community has...

could continue. Swamiji graciously accepted to their concerns. So the search was on to find the suitable successor to Swamiji.

That successor was found in Ravīndra Shankarnārāyan (Shukla)Bhat, the 12 year old son of Shāntābai and Shankarnārāyan Laxman Bhat. The momentous day for the Shishya Sweekār(Ceremony to accept a disciple) dawned on March 1, 1959. The location-Shivaji Park, Mumbai

Mumbai

Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...

. The ceremony was attended by over 10,000 devotees, the largest ever gathering for a Shishya Sweekār ceremony. Swami Ānandāshram ordained his shishya as Parijñānāshram

Parijnanashram III

Swami Parijnanashram III was the tenth guru of the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin community. He succeeded his teacher Swami Ānandāshram in 1966 after the latter died....

. He would study under his guru

Guru

for a period of 7 years after which he would succeed him as the Head of the community in 1966 after Swamiji attained Mahā-samādhi(died).

Mahā-samādhi

Swamiji's health was failing in 1966. On 16 September 1966 His Holiness Swami Ānandāshram attained Mahā-Samādhi(died) at the Shri Chitrapur Math in Malleshwaram, Bangalore with his shishya by his side. He was 64 years old.

After the attainment of Mahā-Samādhi, his shishya Swami Parijñānāshram III

Parijnanashram III

Swami Parijnanashram III was the tenth guru of the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin community. He succeeded his teacher Swami Ānandāshram in 1966 after the latter died....

became the sovereign head of the community. The samādhi of Swami Anandāshram is located within the premises of the Chitrapur Math

Chitrapur Math

next to that of his guru

Guru

, Swami Pāndurangāshram

Pandurangashram

His Holiness Swami Pāndurangāshram was the EIGHTH guru of the Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin community. He was the guru for a period of 52 years from 1863 to 1915...

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