Ancient Diocese of Thérouanne
Encyclopedia
The former French diocese
of Thérouanne
controlled a large part of the left bank of the river Scheldt
during the Middle Ages
. Territorially it was part of the county of Artois
which belonged to the county of Flanders
.
In the 7th century, probably around 639, Saint Audomar (Saint Omer) established the bishopric of Terwaan or Terenburg in Thérouanne
. Thanks to that ecclesiastical control of some of the most prosperous cities north of the Alps
, like Arras
and Ypres
, the bishopric was able to build a cathedral
which was at the time the largest in France.
In 1553 Charles V
besieged Thérouanne, then a French enclave in the Holy Roman Empire
, in revenge for a defeat by the French at Metz
. After he captured the city he ordered it to be razed to the ground, the roads to be broken up, and the area to be plough
ed and salted
. In 1557, as a result of the war damage to its see, the diocese was abolished. About two decades later the diocese of Boulogne was created, bearing the name Thérouanne for a few years.
The disappearance of the former bishopric led to a reform of sees at the Council of Trent
, and the bishopric of Thérouanne was split between the Diocese of Saint-Omer, the diocese of Boulogne and the Diocese of Ypres
.
Diocese
A diocese is the district or see under the supervision of a bishop. It is divided into parishes.An archdiocese is more significant than a diocese. An archdiocese is presided over by an archbishop whose see may have or had importance due to size or historical significance...
of Thérouanne
Thérouanne
Thérouanne is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.-Geography:Thérouanne is located 10 miles southwest of Saint-Omer, on the D157 and D341 road junction.-Population:-History:...
controlled a large part of the left bank of the river Scheldt
Scheldt
The Scheldt is a 350 km long river in northern France, western Belgium and the southwestern part of the Netherlands...
during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
. Territorially it was part of the county of Artois
County of Artois
The County of Artois was an historic province of the Kingdom of France, held by the Dukes of Burgundy from 1384 until 1477/82, and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1493 until 1659....
which belonged to the county of Flanders
County of Flanders
The County of Flanders was one of the territories constituting the Low Countries. The county existed from 862 to 1795. It was one of the original secular fiefs of France and for centuries was one of the most affluent regions in Europe....
.
In the 7th century, probably around 639, Saint Audomar (Saint Omer) established the bishopric of Terwaan or Terenburg in Thérouanne
Thérouanne
Thérouanne is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.-Geography:Thérouanne is located 10 miles southwest of Saint-Omer, on the D157 and D341 road junction.-Population:-History:...
. Thanks to that ecclesiastical control of some of the most prosperous cities north of the Alps
Alps
The Alps is one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany to France in the west....
, like Arras
Arras
Arras is the capital of the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. The historic centre of the Artois region, its local speech is characterized as a Picard dialect...
and Ypres
Ypres
Ypres is a Belgian municipality located in the Flemish province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres and the villages of Boezinge, Brielen, Dikkebus, Elverdinge, Hollebeke, Sint-Jan, Vlamertinge, Voormezele, Zillebeke, and Zuidschote...
, the bishopric was able to build a cathedral
Cathedral
A cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop...
which was at the time the largest in France.
In 1553 Charles V
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
besieged Thérouanne, then a French enclave in the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
, in revenge for a defeat by the French at Metz
Metz
Metz is a city in the northeast of France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.Metz is the capital of the Lorraine region and prefecture of the Moselle department. Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany, and Luxembourg, Metz forms a central place...
. After he captured the city he ordered it to be razed to the ground, the roads to be broken up, and the area to be plough
Plough
The plough or plow is a tool used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting. It has been a basic instrument for most of recorded history, and represents one of the major advances in agriculture...
ed and salted
Salting the earth
Salting the earth, or sowing with salt, is the ritual of spreading salt on conquered cities to symbolize a curse on its re-inhabitation. It originated as a practice in the ancient Near East and became a well-established folkloric motif in the Middle Ages.-Destroying cities:The custom of purifying...
. In 1557, as a result of the war damage to its see, the diocese was abolished. About two decades later the diocese of Boulogne was created, bearing the name Thérouanne for a few years.
The disappearance of the former bishopric led to a reform of sees at the Council of Trent
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent was the 16th-century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. It is considered to be one of the Church's most important councils. It convened in Trent between December 13, 1545, and December 4, 1563 in twenty-five sessions for three periods...
, and the bishopric of Thérouanne was split between the Diocese of Saint-Omer, the diocese of Boulogne and the Diocese of Ypres
Diocese of Ypres
The former Roman Catholic Diocese of Ypres, in present-day Belgium, existed from 1559 to 1801. Its seat was Saint Martin's Cathedral in Ypres.-History:...
.
To 1000
- before 639, to c. 667 (†): Audomar (Omer)
- Draucius
- c. 667 to c. 669/701: Bainus
- c. 669/701 to c. 721/723: Ravengerus
- c. 721/723 to c. 737/742: Erkembodo
- c. 739: Adalgerus
- to before 747: Gumbertus
- 747–748: Aethereus
- Rodwaldus
- Athalphus
- Wigbertus
- before 798 to c. 798: Théoduin
- c. 798 to before 814/817: Grimbaldus
- 817–855 (†): Folcuin
- 856–869 (†): Humfridus
- 869–872: Actardus
- 872–887: Adalbertus † 914
- 887 to c. 900: Herilandus † 920
- 909 to c. 935 (†): Stephan (Etienne)
- 935–959 (†): Wicfridus
- 959–964 (†): David
- 964–995 (†): Framericus
- 995–1030 (†): Balduin (Baudouin)
1000 to 1300
- 1030–1078 (†): Drogon
- 1078–1081: Hubert
- 1082–1083: Lambert
- 1084–1099: Gérard
- 1099–1130 (†): Johann I. von Warneton
- 1130–1158 (†) or 1159 (†): Milon I.
- 1159–1169: Milon II.
- 1169–1191: Didier
- 1191–1207: Lambert de Bruges (Lambert van Brugge)
- 1207–1213: Johann II.
- 1213–1229: Adam
- 1229–1250: Pierre de Doij
- 1252–1262: Raoul de Chelles
- 1262–1276: Vacant
- 1276–1286: Heinrich von Murs
- 1287–1301: Jacques de Boulogne
From 1300
- 1301–1330: Enguerrand de Créqui
- 1330–1334: Johann III. de Vienne
- 1334–1356: Raymond Saquet
- 1356–1361: Gilles II Aycelin de Montaigut, 1357–1358, chancellor of France, based in LondonLondonLondon is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
- 1361–1368: Robert of Geneva
- 1368–1371: Gérard de Daimville
- 1371–1376: Adhémar Roberi
- 1376–1384: Pierre d'Orgemont
- 1384–1403: Jean Tabari
- 1404–1414: Matthieu or Renaud de Bapaume
- 1415–1436: Louis de Luxemburg, 1424–1435 , chancellor of France, partisan of the Burgundians
- 1436–1451: Jean V “the Young”
- 1451–1455: David von Burgund (also bishop of Utrecht)
- 1456–1485: Henri of Lorraine-VaudemontHenri of Lorraine-VaudémontHenri of Lorraine-Vaudémont was bishop of Thérouanne, and then bishop of Metz from 1484 to 1505. From an aristocratic family, he was son of Antoine of Vaudémont.-Life:...
(also bishop of Metz) - 1485–1496: Antoine de Croy
- 1496–1513: Philipp de Luxemburg
- 1513–1521: François de Melun
- 1521–1535: John, Cardinal of LorraineJohn, Cardinal of LorraineJean de Lorraine was a French cardinal, who was archbishop of Reims, Lyon and Narbonne, bishop of Metz, Toul, Verdun, Thérouanne, Luçon, Albi, Valence, Nantes and Agen...
- 1535–1537: François de Créquy