Andrew Fluegelman
Encyclopedia
Andrew Cardozo Fluegelman (November 27, 1943 - c. July 6, 1985) was a publisher, photographer, programmer
and attorney
best known as the inventor of what is now known as the shareware
business model for software marketing. He was also the founding editor
of both PC World
and Macworld
and the leader of the 1970s New Games
movement which advocated the development of noncompetitive games
.
, Fluegelman developed PC-Talk
, a very popular and successful communications software. He wrote the program in late 1982 and marketed it under a system he called "Freeware
," which he characterized as "an experiment in economics
more than altruism
." Freeware
was licensed under terms that encouraged users to make voluntary payments for the software, and it allowed users to copy and redistribute the software freely as long as the license terms and text were not altered.
magazine from its introduction in 1982 until 1985, and Macworld
magazine from its introduction in 1984 until 1985.
, was diagnosed with cancer
. On the afternoon of July 6, 1985, he left his office in Tiburon, California
. A week later, his abandoned car was found at the north end of the Golden Gate Bridge
near San Francisco. His family held a memorial service for Fluegelman, and he is presumed dead
, though his body has never been found. Kevin Strehlo, then an InfoWorld
columnist, submitted a memorial column which mentioned that "friends say a suicide note
was found inside" his car. InfoWorld rejected this column, but an online news service published it.
Edited by Andrew Fluegelman and Shoshana Tembeck.
A Headlands Press Book, Dolphin/Doubleday (1976).
ISBN 0-385-12516-X
By Meisch, Lynn.
A Headlands Press Book.
Publisher: Penguin Books New York (1977).
ISBN 0-14-046280-5
By Norman Locks.
A Headlands Press Book.
HARPER & ROW, PUBLISHERS, San Francisco (1978).
ISBN 0-06-250530-0
By Diane Sward Rapaport.
A Headlands Press Book.
Putnam, Prentice-Hall (1979).
ISBN 0-8256-9932-0
By Frank Barrett; Lynn Barrett.
Publisher: New York : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston (1980).
ISBN 0-03-056958-3
By Jeremy Joan Hewes.
The Headlands Press, Inc., San Francisco.
Doubleday (1981).
ISBN 0-385-15995-1
By The New Games Foundation.
Main Street Books
New York: Dolphin Books/Doubleday & Company (1981).
ISBN 0-385-17514-0
By Mia Detrick, Illustrated by Kathryn Kleinman
A Headlands Press Book. Chronicle Books LLC (1983)
ISBN 0-87701-238-5
By Andrew Fluegelman and Jeremy Joan Hewes.
Anchor Press/Doubleday Publishing Group (1983)
ISBN 0-385-18125-6
By Kay Hamblin.
The Doubleday Publishing Group (1978)
ISBN 0-38514-246-3
Programmer
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is someone who writes computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software. One who practices or professes a formal approach to...
and attorney
Lawyer
A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law; as an attorney, counsel or solicitor; a person who is practicing law." Law is the system of rules of conduct established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain the stability of political...
best known as the inventor of what is now known as the shareware
Shareware
The term shareware is a proprietary software that is provided to users without payment on a trial basis and is often limited by any combination of functionality, availability, or convenience. Shareware is often offered as a download from an Internet website or as a compact disc included with a...
business model for software marketing. He was also the founding editor
Editor
The term editor may refer to:As a person who does editing:* Editor in chief, having final responsibility for a publication's operations and policies* Copy editing, making formatting changes and other improvements to text...
of both PC World
PC World (magazine)
PC World is a global computer magazine published monthly by IDG. It offers advice on various aspects of PCs and related items, the Internet, and other personal-technology products and services...
and Macworld
Macworld
Macworld is a web site and monthly computer magazine dedicated to Apple Macintosh products. It is published by Mac Publishing, which is headquartered in San Francisco, California...
and the leader of the 1970s New Games
New Games Book
The New Games Book and its companion, More New Games, were resources developed for the "New Games" movement which began in the late 60s to encourage people to play non-competitive or friendlier games...
movement which advocated the development of noncompetitive games
Competition
Competition is a contest between individuals, groups, animals, etc. for territory, a niche, or a location of resources. It arises whenever two and only two strive for a goal which cannot be shared. Competition occurs naturally between living organisms which co-exist in the same environment. For...
.
"Freeware"
Shortly after the introduction of the IBM PCIBM PC
The IBM Personal Computer, commonly known as the IBM PC, is the original version and progenitor of the IBM PC compatible hardware platform. It is IBM model number 5150, and was introduced on August 12, 1981...
, Fluegelman developed PC-Talk
PC-Talk
PC-Talk was a communications software program. It was one of the first three widely popular software products sold via the marketing method that became known as shareware...
, a very popular and successful communications software. He wrote the program in late 1982 and marketed it under a system he called "Freeware
Freeware
Freeware is computer software that is available for use at no cost or for an optional fee, but usually with one or more restricted usage rights. Freeware is in contrast to commercial software, which is typically sold for profit, but might be distributed for a business or commercial purpose in the...
," which he characterized as "an experiment in economics
Economics
Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...
more than altruism
Altruism
Altruism is a concern for the welfare of others. It is a traditional virtue in many cultures, and a core aspect of various religious traditions, though the concept of 'others' toward whom concern should be directed can vary among cultures and religions. Altruism is the opposite of...
." Freeware
Freeware
Freeware is computer software that is available for use at no cost or for an optional fee, but usually with one or more restricted usage rights. Freeware is in contrast to commercial software, which is typically sold for profit, but might be distributed for a business or commercial purpose in the...
was licensed under terms that encouraged users to make voluntary payments for the software, and it allowed users to copy and redistribute the software freely as long as the license terms and text were not altered.
Magazine editor
Fluegelman edited PC WorldPC World (magazine)
PC World is a global computer magazine published monthly by IDG. It offers advice on various aspects of PCs and related items, the Internet, and other personal-technology products and services...
magazine from its introduction in 1982 until 1985, and Macworld
Macworld
Macworld is a web site and monthly computer magazine dedicated to Apple Macintosh products. It is published by Mac Publishing, which is headquartered in San Francisco, California...
magazine from its introduction in 1984 until 1985.
Disappearance
In 1985, Fluegelman, already suffering from colitisColitis
In medicine, colitis refers to an inflammation of the colon and is often used to describe an inflammation of the large intestine .Colitides may be acute and self-limited or chronic, i.e...
, was diagnosed with cancer
Cancer
Cancer , known medically as a malignant neoplasm, is a large group of different diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the...
. On the afternoon of July 6, 1985, he left his office in Tiburon, California
Tiburon, California
Tiburon is an incorporated town in Marin County, California. It occupies most of the Tiburon Peninsula, which reaches south into the San Francisco Bay. The smaller city of Belvedere occupies the south-east part of the peninsula and is contiguous with Tiburon...
. A week later, his abandoned car was found at the north end of the Golden Gate Bridge
Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening of the San Francisco Bay into the Pacific Ocean. As part of both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1, the structure links the city of San Francisco, on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, to...
near San Francisco. His family held a memorial service for Fluegelman, and he is presumed dead
Death in absentia
Death in absentia is a legal declaration that a person is deceased in the absence of remains attributable to that person...
, though his body has never been found. Kevin Strehlo, then an InfoWorld
InfoWorld
InfoWorld is an information technology online media and events business operating under the umbrella of InfoWorld Media Group, a division of IDG...
columnist, submitted a memorial column which mentioned that "friends say a suicide note
Suicide note
A suicide note or death note is a message that states the author has died by suicide, and left to be discovered and read in anticipation of suicide....
was found inside" his car. InfoWorld rejected this column, but an online news service published it.
Books Edited
Fluegelman, a successful book publisher and packager, created "The Headlands Press," which produced the following books and negotiated publishing contracts for them with major publishers. Many of the books were designed by Howard Jacobsen and produced by his company, Community Type and Design. This list is arranged by year of book publication:- The New Games Book
Edited by Andrew Fluegelman and Shoshana Tembeck.
A Headlands Press Book, Dolphin/Doubleday (1976).
ISBN 0-385-12516-X
- A Traveler's Guide to El Dorado & the Inca Empire
By Meisch, Lynn.
A Headlands Press Book.
Publisher: Penguin Books New York (1977).
ISBN 0-14-046280-5
- Familiar Subjects: Polaroid SX-70 Impressions
By Norman Locks.
A Headlands Press Book.
HARPER & ROW, PUBLISHERS, San Francisco (1978).
ISBN 0-06-250530-0
- How to Make and Sell Your Own Record
By Diane Sward Rapaport.
A Headlands Press Book.
Putnam, Prentice-Hall (1979).
ISBN 0-8256-9932-0
- How to watch a football game
By Frank Barrett; Lynn Barrett.
Publisher: New York : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston (1980).
ISBN 0-03-056958-3
- Worksteads: Living and Working in the Same Place
By Jeremy Joan Hewes.
The Headlands Press, Inc., San Francisco.
Doubleday (1981).
ISBN 0-385-15995-1
- More New Games
By The New Games Foundation.
Main Street Books
New York: Dolphin Books/Doubleday & Company (1981).
ISBN 0-385-17514-0
- SUSHI
By Mia Detrick, Illustrated by Kathryn Kleinman
A Headlands Press Book. Chronicle Books LLC (1983)
ISBN 0-87701-238-5
Books Co-Authored
- Writing in the Computer Age: Word Processing Skills and Style for Every Writer
By Andrew Fluegelman and Jeremy Joan Hewes.
Anchor Press/Doubleday Publishing Group (1983)
ISBN 0-385-18125-6
Photography
- Mine: A Playbook of Silent Fantasy
By Kay Hamblin.
The Doubleday Publishing Group (1978)
ISBN 0-38514-246-3
See also
- FreewareFreewareFreeware is computer software that is available for use at no cost or for an optional fee, but usually with one or more restricted usage rights. Freeware is in contrast to commercial software, which is typically sold for profit, but might be distributed for a business or commercial purpose in the...
- Software
- SharewareSharewareThe term shareware is a proprietary software that is provided to users without payment on a trial basis and is often limited by any combination of functionality, availability, or convenience. Shareware is often offered as a download from an Internet website or as a compact disc included with a...
- Free softwareFree softwareFree software, software libre or libre software is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction, or with restrictions that only ensure that further recipients can also do...
- CompetitionCompetitionCompetition is a contest between individuals, groups, animals, etc. for territory, a niche, or a location of resources. It arises whenever two and only two strive for a goal which cannot be shared. Competition occurs naturally between living organisms which co-exist in the same environment. For...
(describes the nature of competitiveness) - List of programmers