Aniline Yellow
Encyclopedia
Aniline Yellow is a yellow azo dye and an aromatic amine
. It is a derivate of azobenzene
. It has the appearance of an orange powder. It is a carcinogen.
Aniline Yellow was the first azo dye. it was first produced in 1861 by C. Mene. The second azo dye was Bismarck Brown
in 1863. Aniline Yellow was commercialized in 1864 as the first commercial azo dye, a year after Aniline Black. It is manufactured from aniline
.
for vital staining, in pyrotechnics
for yellow colored smoke
s, in yellow pigment
s and ink
s including inks for inkjet printer
s. It is also used in insecticides, lacquers, varnishes, waxes, oil stains, and styrene resin
s. It is also an intermediate in synthesis of other dyes, e.g. chrysoidine, indulines
, Solid Yellow, and Acid Yellow
.
(TOS). A Madrid-based company imported denaturated
rapeseed oil, dyed by aniline yellow to mark it as unsuitable for human consumption, to be used as a fuel in steel mill
s. However, the company distilled the oil to remove the dye, and sold it as a much more valuable olive oil
for cooking. The result was a rash of pneumonia
-type illnesses, with a second stage with lesion
s, weight loss, paralysis
, and muscle wasting. The net result was over 20,000 sick and 400 dead. The chemistry of the poisonous reaction is still subject of a debate.
Aromatic amine
An aromatic amine is an amine with an aromatic substituent - that is -NH2, -NH- or nitrogen group attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon, whose structure usually contains one or more benzene rings. Aniline is the simplest example....
. It is a derivate of azobenzene
Azobenzene
Azobenzene is a chemical compound composed of two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond. It is the best known example of an azo compound. The term 'azobenzene' or simply 'azo' is often used to refer to a wide class of molecules that share the core azobenzene structure, with different chemical...
. It has the appearance of an orange powder. It is a carcinogen.
Aniline Yellow was the first azo dye. it was first produced in 1861 by C. Mene. The second azo dye was Bismarck Brown
Bismarck brown Y
Bismarck brown Y is a diazo dye. It is used in histology for staining tissues. It stains acid mucins to yellow color. It can be used with live cells...
in 1863. Aniline Yellow was commercialized in 1864 as the first commercial azo dye, a year after Aniline Black. It is manufactured from aniline
Aniline
Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the prototypical aromatic amine. Being a precursor to many industrial chemicals, its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane...
.
Uses
Aniline Yellow is used in microscopyMicroscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view samples and objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye...
for vital staining, in pyrotechnics
Pyrotechnics
Pyrotechnics is the science of using materials capable of undergoing self-contained and self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions for the production of heat, light, gas, smoke and/or sound...
for yellow colored smoke
Colored smoke
Colored smoke is a kind of smoke created by an aerosol of small particles of a suitable pigment or dye.Colored smoke can be used for smoke signals, often in a military context. It can be produced by smoke grenades, or by various other pyrotechnical devices...
s, in yellow pigment
Pigment
A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which a material emits light.Many materials selectively absorb...
s and ink
Ink
Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments and/or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing and/or writing with a pen, brush, or quill...
s including inks for inkjet printer
Inkjet printer
An inkjet printer is a type of computer printer that creates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer and range from small inexpensive consumer models to very large professional machines that can cost up to thousands of...
s. It is also used in insecticides, lacquers, varnishes, waxes, oil stains, and styrene resin
Resin
Resin in the most specific use of the term is a hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly coniferous trees. Resins are valued for their chemical properties and associated uses, such as the production of varnishes, adhesives, and food glazing agents; as an important source of raw materials...
s. It is also an intermediate in synthesis of other dyes, e.g. chrysoidine, indulines
Indulines
Indulines are a series of dyestuffs of blue, bluish-red or black shades, formed by the interaction of para-amino azo compounds with primary monoamines in the presence of a small quantity of a mineral acid. They were first discovered in 1863 by J...
, Solid Yellow, and Acid Yellow
Naphthol yellow S
Naphthol yellow S is a compound with formula Na2. It is a dye....
.
Toxic oil syndrome
Aniline Yellow was involved in the 1981 Spanish Toxic Oil SyndromeToxic oil syndrome
Toxic Oil Syndrome or simply Toxic Syndrome was the name given to a disease outbreak in Spain in 1981, which killed over 600 people. Its first appearance was as a lung disease, with unusual features: though the symptoms initially resembled a lung infection, antibiotics were ineffective...
(TOS). A Madrid-based company imported denaturated
Denaturation (food)
Food is deliberately denatured when a substance, known as a denaturant, is added to render the food unpleasant to consume or poisonous. Aversive agents—primarily bitterants and pungent agents—are used to produce an unpleasant flavor. For example, the bitterant denatonium might be added to food used...
rapeseed oil, dyed by aniline yellow to mark it as unsuitable for human consumption, to be used as a fuel in steel mill
Steel mill
A steel mill or steelworks is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel.Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It is produced in a two-stage process. First, iron ore is reduced or smelted with coke and limestone in a blast furnace, producing molten iron which is either cast into pig iron or...
s. However, the company distilled the oil to remove the dye, and sold it as a much more valuable olive oil
Olive oil
Olive oil is an oil obtained from the olive , a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. It is commonly used in cooking, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps...
for cooking. The result was a rash of pneumonia
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung—especially affecting the microscopic air sacs —associated with fever, chest symptoms, and a lack of air space on a chest X-ray. Pneumonia is typically caused by an infection but there are a number of other causes...
-type illnesses, with a second stage with lesion
Lesion
A lesion is any abnormality in the tissue of an organism , usually caused by disease or trauma. Lesion is derived from the Latin word laesio which means injury.- Types :...
s, weight loss, paralysis
Paralysis
Paralysis is loss of muscle function for one or more muscles. Paralysis can be accompanied by a loss of feeling in the affected area if there is sensory damage as well as motor. A study conducted by the Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation, suggests that about 1 in 50 people have been diagnosed...
, and muscle wasting. The net result was over 20,000 sick and 400 dead. The chemistry of the poisonous reaction is still subject of a debate.