April Revolt (Pernambuco)
Encyclopedia
The April Revolt, or Abrilada in Brazil's history was an episode in 1832 in the then province of Pernambuco
, which fits into the Regency Period, in the context of Cabanagem
. After the abdication of D. Pedro I of Brazil (Pedro IV of Portugal) and his return to Europe where he played a decisive role in the Portuguese Civil War (1828–1834), the movement in Pernambuco, a conservative and absolutist, aimed at the renewal of D. Pedro I to the throne.
merchants of Recife
, who controlled the trade of the city and province, and since the country's independence, were much harassed by the population. Gathered around the Masonic Lodge
"Column of the Throne and Altar." On April 14, 1832, promoted the rise of a military battalion in Recife, under the leadership of Lt. Col. José Francisco Martins and Major José Gabriel de Morais Meyer. On the 15th, clashes started in the streets that continued for nearly a week. After three days of fighting, the President of the Province of Pernambuco, Manuel de Carvalho Pães de Andrade, with the help of students from the School of law of Olinda, managed to isolate the rebels in a suburb of Recife and in the Forte de São João Batista do Brum. The main leaders, however, managed to escape and were to join their allies in the interior.
Within the province, unrest led to the War of Cabanos or Cabanada
, revolution that gripped much of Pernambuco and Alagoas
1832 to 1835. They were led by Lt. Col. Dominic Lawrence Torres Galindo, Vicente Ferreira de Paula (who led a group of rebels coming from Alagoas, in the context of repression of Cabanada), Caetano Alves and others. Students of law of Olinda attended a convocation and strengthened government forces.
Between May and June 1832, there were riots Antônio Timóteo de Andrade, in Panelas de Miranda, in rural Pernambuco, and João Batista de Araújo, on the beach in Barra Grande, now the county town of Maragogi
in Alagoas. On October 26, 1832, provincial troops killed Antônio Timóteo de Andrade at the stronghold of Feijão, while Almirante Tamandaré
was arrested at his home on the beach in Barra Grande, and João Batista de Araújo. Between November 1832 and January 1834, the movement's leadership passed into the popular forces, and the general commander Vincente de Paula the supreme leader of the Cabanos, unifying the insurgent leadership and seeking the support of blacks Papa-Méis, who lived in the woods . He began his attacks on the sugar mills to free the slaves. For a short time he had the support of the cariri villages of Jacuípe
, Fulniôs of Águas Belas
, Palmeira dos Índios
, Garanhuns
and Escalas. The fight continued even after the death of D. Pedro I, on September 24, 1834.
The loyalist forces under the command of Colonel Joaquim José Luis de Souza, same in number more than 6,000 men, could not dominate the rebels by force. Thus, faced with this impasse, the colonel turned to mediation by the then Bishop of Pernambuco, D. João da Purificação Marques Perdigão. This then went to the interior of the Province, to meet with Vincente de Paula, head of the rebels and persuaded him to make peace, which was signed in November 1835.
Pernambuco
Pernambuco is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. To the north are the states of Paraíba and Ceará, to the west is Piauí, to the south are Alagoas and Bahia, and to the east is the Atlantic Ocean. There are about of beaches, some of the most beautiful in the...
, which fits into the Regency Period, in the context of Cabanagem
Cabanagem
The Cabanagem was a social revolt that occurred in the then-province of Grão-Pará, Brazil.Among the causes for this revolt were the extreme poverty of the Paraense people and the political irrelevance to which the province was relegated after the independence of Brazil.The name "Cabanagem" refers...
. After the abdication of D. Pedro I of Brazil (Pedro IV of Portugal) and his return to Europe where he played a decisive role in the Portuguese Civil War (1828–1834), the movement in Pernambuco, a conservative and absolutist, aimed at the renewal of D. Pedro I to the throne.
History
The movement emerged among the major PortuguesePortuguese people
The Portuguese are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion....
merchants of Recife
Recife
Recife is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Brazil with 4,136,506 inhabitants, the largest metropolitan area of the North/Northeast Regions, the 5th-largest metropolitan influence area in Brazil, and the capital and largest city of the state of Pernambuco. The population of the city proper...
, who controlled the trade of the city and province, and since the country's independence, were much harassed by the population. Gathered around the Masonic Lodge
Masonic Lodge
This article is about the Masonic term for a membership group. For buildings named Masonic Lodge, see Masonic Lodge A Masonic Lodge, often termed a Private Lodge or Constituent Lodge, is the basic organisation of Freemasonry...
"Column of the Throne and Altar." On April 14, 1832, promoted the rise of a military battalion in Recife, under the leadership of Lt. Col. José Francisco Martins and Major José Gabriel de Morais Meyer. On the 15th, clashes started in the streets that continued for nearly a week. After three days of fighting, the President of the Province of Pernambuco, Manuel de Carvalho Pães de Andrade, with the help of students from the School of law of Olinda, managed to isolate the rebels in a suburb of Recife and in the Forte de São João Batista do Brum. The main leaders, however, managed to escape and were to join their allies in the interior.
Within the province, unrest led to the War of Cabanos or Cabanada
Cabanada
The Cabanada or War of Cabanos was a rebellion that occurred in Brazil between 1832 and 1835, it started shortly after the abdication of Dom Pedro I, i.e., during the Regency.- Background :...
, revolution that gripped much of Pernambuco and Alagoas
Alagoas
Alagoas is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil and is situated in the eastern part of the Northeast Region. It borders: Pernambuco ; Sergipe ; Bahia ; and the Atlantic Ocean . It occupies an area of 27,767 km², being slightly larger than Haiti...
1832 to 1835. They were led by Lt. Col. Dominic Lawrence Torres Galindo, Vicente Ferreira de Paula (who led a group of rebels coming from Alagoas, in the context of repression of Cabanada), Caetano Alves and others. Students of law of Olinda attended a convocation and strengthened government forces.
Between May and June 1832, there were riots Antônio Timóteo de Andrade, in Panelas de Miranda, in rural Pernambuco, and João Batista de Araújo, on the beach in Barra Grande, now the county town of Maragogi
Maragogi
Maragogi is a municipality of the Brazilian state of Alagoas in the 125 km north of Maceió capital city. Has 25,726 inhabitants, a city situated on the northern coast of Alagoas state, Brazil, being the easternmost city of that state....
in Alagoas. On October 26, 1832, provincial troops killed Antônio Timóteo de Andrade at the stronghold of Feijão, while Almirante Tamandaré
Almirante Tamandaré
Almirante Tamandaré is a town and municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.-References:...
was arrested at his home on the beach in Barra Grande, and João Batista de Araújo. Between November 1832 and January 1834, the movement's leadership passed into the popular forces, and the general commander Vincente de Paula the supreme leader of the Cabanos, unifying the insurgent leadership and seeking the support of blacks Papa-Méis, who lived in the woods . He began his attacks on the sugar mills to free the slaves. For a short time he had the support of the cariri villages of Jacuípe
Jacuípe
Jacuípe is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Alagoas. Its population is 7,208 and its area is 217 km²....
, Fulniôs of Águas Belas
Águas Belas
Águas Belas is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Pernambuco.-History:The region where Águas Belas is located was originally inhabited by the Tupiniquim, who where expelled by the Carajó tribe. The first Europeans arrived around 1700...
, Palmeira dos Índios
Palmeira dos Índios
Palmeira dos Índios is a municipality located in the western of the Brazilian state of Alagoas. , it has a population of around 70,000.The city is situated on Alagoas backwood region. Brazilian writer, Graciliano Ramos, was its mayor in 1927. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of...
, Garanhuns
Garanhuns
Garanhuns is a city in the Brazilian state of Pernambuco. Located in the Borborema Plateau, the town is known as the "Suíça Pernambucana" due to its pleasant weather during summer and low temperatures during winter, something rather unusual for the region...
and Escalas. The fight continued even after the death of D. Pedro I, on September 24, 1834.
The loyalist forces under the command of Colonel Joaquim José Luis de Souza, same in number more than 6,000 men, could not dominate the rebels by force. Thus, faced with this impasse, the colonel turned to mediation by the then Bishop of Pernambuco, D. João da Purificação Marques Perdigão. This then went to the interior of the Province, to meet with Vincente de Paula, head of the rebels and persuaded him to make peace, which was signed in November 1835.
See also
- War of the PeddlersMascate WarMascate War, The War of the Peddlers or Guerra dos Mascates was a conflict fought between rival groups of commerce in Olinda and Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil from 1710 to 1711....
1710 to 1711 - Conspiracy of SuassunaConspiracy of SuassunaThe Conspiracy of Suaçunas also known for its archaic spelling - The Conspiracy of Suassuna - was a conspiracy to overthrow Portuguese rule in Brazil at the dawn of the 19th century...
1801 - 1817 RevolutionPernambucan RevoltThe Pernambucan Revolt of 1817 occurred in the province of Pernambuco in the Northeastern region of Brazil, and was sparked mainly by the decline of sugar cane production and the influence of the Freemasonry in the region...
1817 - Confederation of the EquatorConfederation of the EquatorThe Confederation of the Equator was a short-lived rebellion that occurred in the northeastern region of Brazil during that nation's struggle for independence from Portugal. The secessionist movement was led by wealthy landowners who opposed early reforms by the nation's first leader, Emperor...
1824 - November Rebellion 1831
- CabanadaCabanadaThe Cabanada or War of Cabanos was a rebellion that occurred in Brazil between 1832 and 1835, it started shortly after the abdication of Dom Pedro I, i.e., during the Regency.- Background :...
1832 to 1835 - Praieira RevolutionPraieira revoltThe Praieira revolt, also known as the Beach rebellion, was a movement in the Pernambuco region of Brazil that lasted from 1848 to 1849. The revolt, influenced by revolutions taking place in Europe, was due in part to unresolved conflicts left over from the period of the Regency and local...
1848 to 1850