Cabanada
Encyclopedia
The Cabanada or War of Cabanos was a rebellion
that occurred in Brazil
between 1832 and 1835, it started shortly after the abdication
of Dom Pedro I, i.e., during the Regency.
, in force since 1810, continuing. This financial instability led to riots that erupted throughout the Empire of Brazil in that period.
The Cabanada movement was active in Pernambuco
, Alagoas
, and Pará
, but insurrections arose in different places and different times. The first one deals with the revolt in Pernambuco and Alagoas and the second in the Pará region.
and Agreste
. Its leader was Vincent de Paula, with followers of humble origin, predominantly Indians (Jacuípe and others) and slaves on the run (called papaméis).
With the death of D. Pedro I in Portugal (1834), the movement had lost its impetus, and the rebellion ended with a peace conference arranged by Bishop João da Purificação Marques Perdigão. Even so, the governors Manoel de Carvalho Paes de Andrade and Antonio Pinto da Gama Chichorro sent an army of 4000 soldiers to surround the place, arresting hundreds of insurgents.
At the end of Cabanada, the leader Vincent de Paula was arrested and sent to the island of Fernando de Noronha
Rebellion
Rebellion, uprising or insurrection, is a refusal of obedience or order. It may, therefore, be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors aimed at destroying or replacing an established authority such as a government or a head of state...
that occurred in Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
between 1832 and 1835, it started shortly after the abdication
Abdication
Abdication occurs when a monarch, such as a king or emperor, renounces his office.-Terminology:The word abdication comes derives from the Latin abdicatio. meaning to disown or renounce...
of Dom Pedro I, i.e., during the Regency.
Background
The new regime was facing financial difficulties, with foreign trade almost stagnant, cotton and cane sugar prices declining, and the privilege customs to EnglandEngland
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, in force since 1810, continuing. This financial instability led to riots that erupted throughout the Empire of Brazil in that period.
Pernambuco
Pernambuco is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. To the north are the states of Paraíba and Ceará, to the west is Piauí, to the south are Alagoas and Bahia, and to the east is the Atlantic Ocean. There are about of beaches, some of the most beautiful in the...
, Alagoas
Alagoas
Alagoas is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil and is situated in the eastern part of the Northeast Region. It borders: Pernambuco ; Sergipe ; Bahia ; and the Atlantic Ocean . It occupies an area of 27,767 km², being slightly larger than Haiti...
, and Pará
Pará
Pará is a state in the north of Brazil. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas and Roraima. To the northwest it also borders Guyana and Suriname, and to the northeast it borders the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is Belém.Pará is the most populous state...
, but insurrections arose in different places and different times. The first one deals with the revolt in Pernambuco and Alagoas and the second in the Pará region.
Pernambuco and Alagoas
In Pernambuco, where the rebellion was known as "The War of Cabanada," the conservative Cabanadas demanded the return of the Portuguese monarch to the throne of Brazil. Rioting occurred in Zona da MataZona da Mata (coastal)
The Zona da Mata is the narrow coastal plain between the Atlantic Ocean and the dry agreste and sertão regions in the northeastern Brazilian states of Maranhão, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia....
and Agreste
Agreste
In Brazil, the agreste is a narrow zone in the states of Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia between the coastal forest zona da mata and the semiarid sertão...
. Its leader was Vincent de Paula, with followers of humble origin, predominantly Indians (Jacuípe and others) and slaves on the run (called papaméis).
With the death of D. Pedro I in Portugal (1834), the movement had lost its impetus, and the rebellion ended with a peace conference arranged by Bishop João da Purificação Marques Perdigão. Even so, the governors Manoel de Carvalho Paes de Andrade and Antonio Pinto da Gama Chichorro sent an army of 4000 soldiers to surround the place, arresting hundreds of insurgents.
Pará
The insurrection of Cabanagem in Pará was more severe because it was a nationalist movement and wanted the independence of the province. It lasted about 5 years, pacified by the Marechal Soares de Andréa, Baron Caçapava at the expense of several bloody conflicts and executions of insurgents.At the end of Cabanada, the leader Vincent de Paula was arrested and sent to the island of Fernando de Noronha
Fernando de Noronha
Fernando de Noronha is an archipelago of 21 islands and islets in the Atlantic Ocean, offshore from the Brazilian coast. The main island has an area of and had a population of 3,012 in the year 2010...
See Also
- Regency
- War of the PeddlersMascate WarMascate War, The War of the Peddlers or Guerra dos Mascates was a conflict fought between rival groups of commerce in Olinda and Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil from 1710 to 1711....
1710 to 1711 - Conspiracy of SuassunaConspiracy of SuassunaThe Conspiracy of Suaçunas also known for its archaic spelling - The Conspiracy of Suassuna - was a conspiracy to overthrow Portuguese rule in Brazil at the dawn of the 19th century...
1801 - 1817 RevolutionPernambucan RevoltThe Pernambucan Revolt of 1817 occurred in the province of Pernambuco in the Northeastern region of Brazil, and was sparked mainly by the decline of sugar cane production and the influence of the Freemasonry in the region...
1817 - Confederation of the EquatorConfederation of the EquatorThe Confederation of the Equator was a short-lived rebellion that occurred in the northeastern region of Brazil during that nation's struggle for independence from Portugal. The secessionist movement was led by wealthy landowners who opposed early reforms by the nation's first leader, Emperor...
1824 - November Rebellion 1831
- April RevoltApril Revolt (Pernambuco)The April Revolt, or Abrilada in Brazil's history was an episode in 1832 in the then province of Pernambuco, which fits into the Regency Period, in the context of Cabanagem. After the abdication of D...
1832 - Praieira RevolutionPraieira revoltThe Praieira revolt, also known as the Beach rebellion, was a movement in the Pernambuco region of Brazil that lasted from 1848 to 1849. The revolt, influenced by revolutions taking place in Europe, was due in part to unresolved conflicts left over from the period of the Regency and local...
1848 to 1850