Archduke Joseph of Austria, Palatine of Hungary
Encyclopedia
Joseph Anton Johann, archduke of Austria
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– 13 January 1847, Buda
), was the palatine of Hungary from 1796 to 1847. He was the seventh son of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
and Maria Louisa of Spain.
Joseph was one of fifteen children born to Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
and Maria Louisa of Spain. He was born in Florence, where his father was ruling as Grand Duke of Tuscany.
His father was a son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
and Maria Theresa of Austria
. Joseph was a brother of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
, Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
, and Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
.
His mother was a daughter of Charles III of Spain
. Through his mother, Joseph was a nephew among others of Charles IV of Spain
, Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
, and Infante Gabriel of Spain
. He was also a cousin of Ferdinand VII of Spain, Queen Charlotte of Portugal
, and Queen Maria Isabella of the Two Sicilies.
In 1796, he was made Palatine of Hungary (nádor in Hungarian
). This old dignity was in effect a deputy of the king when he could not attend to the country. Rather characteristic of a Habsburg, he showed genuine care for the country and throughout his years in office supported and promoted economic reforms, public works and constructions that aimed to bring Hungary closer to Europe. He was, just like a true Habsburg, wary of corrupt politicians seeking reforms, although he did not govern with a heavy hand; harsh measures were usually imposed from Vienna. His years saw the first steamboat and railroad in Hungary, the regulation of the Danube and the founding of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
He was very popular among the Magyars and became the founder of the Hungarian branch of the Habsburg
family. His statue now stands in a place of honour at the very heart of Budapest
in a square named for him, in front of the Ministry of Finance, facing the part of the city that grew up and burgeoned during his tenure.
. He was 23 years old; she was 16. She died giving birth to a stillborn daughter.
. He was 39 years old; she was 17. She died in childbirth two years later. Both of Joseph's children with Hermine died unmarried and without issue.
. He was 43 years old; she was 21. They were the parents of five children:
Archduchy of Austria
The Archduchy of Austria , one of the most important states within the Holy Roman Empire, was the nucleus of the Habsburg Monarchy and the predecessor of the Austrian Empire...
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Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
– 13 January 1847, Buda
Buda
For detailed information see: History of Buda CastleBuda is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the west bank of the Danube. The name Buda takes its name from the name of Bleda the Hun ruler, whose name is also Buda in Hungarian.Buda comprises about one-third of Budapest's...
), was the palatine of Hungary from 1796 to 1847. He was the seventh son of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold II , born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Emperor Francis I and his wife, Empress Maria Theresa...
and Maria Louisa of Spain.
Family
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold II , born Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard, was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Emperor Francis I and his wife, Empress Maria Theresa...
and Maria Louisa of Spain. He was born in Florence, where his father was ruling as Grand Duke of Tuscany.
His father was a son of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis I was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real power of those positions. With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty...
and Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa of Austria
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma...
. Joseph was a brother of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz...
, Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1790 to 1801 and, after a period of disenfranchisement, again from 1814 to 1824. He was also the Prince-elector and Grand Duke of Salzburg and Grand Duke of Würzburg .-Biography:Ferdinand was born in Florence, Tuscany, into the...
, and Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria
Maria Clementina of Austria was an Austrian archduchess and the tenth child and third daughter of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Luisa of Spain. In 1797 she married her first cousin Francis I of the Two Sicilies, then Duke of Calabria, heir of Naples and Sicily...
.
His mother was a daughter of Charles III of Spain
Charles III of Spain
Charles III was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies from 1759 to 1788. He was the eldest son of Philip V of Spain and his second wife, the Princess Elisabeth Farnese...
. Through his mother, Joseph was a nephew among others of Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV was King of Spain from 14 December 1788 until his abdication on 19 March 1808.-Early life:...
, Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I reigned variously over Naples, Sicily, and the Two Sicilies from 1759 until his death. He was the third son of King Charles III of Spain by his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony. On 10 August 1759, Charles succeeded his elder brother, Ferdinand VI, as King Charles III of Spain...
, and Infante Gabriel of Spain
Infante Gabriel of Spain
Infante Gabriel of Spain was an Infante of Spain.-Biography:Born at the Palace of Portici outside Naples, he was named Prince Gabriel Antonio Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno José Serafin Pascual Salvador of Naples and Sicily; he was the fourth son of King Charles VII and V and Maria Amalia of...
. He was also a cousin of Ferdinand VII of Spain, Queen Charlotte of Portugal
Charlotte of Spain
Doña Carlota Joaquina of Spain was a Queen consort of Portugal as wife of John VI...
, and Queen Maria Isabella of the Two Sicilies.
In 1796, he was made Palatine of Hungary (nádor in Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
). This old dignity was in effect a deputy of the king when he could not attend to the country. Rather characteristic of a Habsburg, he showed genuine care for the country and throughout his years in office supported and promoted economic reforms, public works and constructions that aimed to bring Hungary closer to Europe. He was, just like a true Habsburg, wary of corrupt politicians seeking reforms, although he did not govern with a heavy hand; harsh measures were usually imposed from Vienna. His years saw the first steamboat and railroad in Hungary, the regulation of the Danube and the founding of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
He was very popular among the Magyars and became the founder of the Hungarian branch of the Habsburg
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
family. His statue now stands in a place of honour at the very heart of Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
in a square named for him, in front of the Ministry of Finance, facing the part of the city that grew up and burgeoned during his tenure.
First marriage
Joseph married Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia (1783–1801), on 30 October 1799 at Saint PetersburgSaint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
. He was 23 years old; she was 16. She died giving birth to a stillborn daughter.
- Archduchess Alexandrine of Austria (stillborn 8 March 1801, Buda).
Second marriage
Joseph married secondly Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (1797–1817), on 30 August 1815 at SchaumburgSchaumburg
Schaumburg is a district of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by the districts of Nienburg, Hanover and Hamelin-Pyrmont, and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia .-History:...
. He was 39 years old; she was 17. She died in childbirth two years later. Both of Joseph's children with Hermine died unmarried and without issue.
- Archduchess Hermine Amalie Marie of Austria (14 September 1817, Buda - 13 February 1842, ViennaViennaVienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
). - Archduke Stephen, Palatine of HungaryArchduke Stephen, Palatine of HungaryPalatine Stephen of Hungary or Archduke Stephen Francis Victor of Austria was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.-Biography:...
(14 September 1817, Buda - 19 February 1867, MentonMentonMenton is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.Situated on the French Riviera, along the Franco-Italian border, it is nicknamed la perle de la France ....
).
Third marriage
Joseph married thirdly Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg on 24 August 1819 at Kirchheim unter TeckKirchheim unter Teck
Kirchheim unter Teck is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, in the district of Esslingen. It is located on the small river Lauter, a tributary of the Neckar. It is situated near the Teck castle, approximatively 25 km southeast of Stuttgart...
. He was 43 years old; she was 21. They were the parents of five children:
- Archduchess Franziska Marie Elisabeth of Austria (31 July 1820, Buda - 23 August 1820 Buda).
- Archduke Alexander of Austria (6 June 1825, Buda - 12 November 1837, Buda)
- Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of AustriaArchduchess Elisabeth Franziska of AustriaElisabeth Franziska Maria, Archduchess of Austria, Princess of Hungary and Bohemia ....
, (17 January 1831, Ofen Hungary - 14 February 1903), Vienna Austria ; married 1) Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-EsteArchduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-EsteFerdinand Karl Viktor was Archduke of Austria-Este and Duke of Modena.-Biography:Born in Modena, he was the second son of Francis IV of Modena and his wife Maria Beatrice of Savoy...
(1821–1849), and 2) Archduke Karl Ferdinand of AustriaArchduke Karl Ferdinand of AustriaArchduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria-Teschen was the second son of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen and Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg, and the maternal grandfather of King Alfonso XIII of Spain.A son of the "hero of Aspern" he started a military career in Infantry Regiment 57 in Brno...
(1818–1874). - Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria (2 March 1833, Preßburg, now BratislavaBratislavaBratislava is the capital of Slovakia and, with a population of about 431,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two independent countries.Bratislava...
in SlovakiaSlovakiaThe Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
- 13 June 1905, Fiume, now RijekaRijekaRijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...
in CroatiaCroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
). - Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria (August 23, 1836 - September 20, 1902), married King Leopold II of BelgiumLeopold II of BelgiumLeopold II was the second king of the Belgians. Born in Brussels the second son of Leopold I and Louise-Marie of Orléans, he succeeded his father to the throne on 17 December 1865 and remained king until his death.Leopold is chiefly remembered as the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free...
, had issue.