Army of the Shenandoah (Confederate)
Encyclopedia
The Army of the Shenandoah was an army of the Confederate States of America
during the American Civil War
. Major General Kenton Harper
of the Virginia Militia organized about two thousand volunteers at Harpers Ferry
by April 21, 1861. Brig. General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
of the Virginia Militia took control of the militia elements on April 28. On May 24, leadership then passed to Gen. Joseph E. Johnston
as the Virginia Militia came under the control of the Confederate States Army
. Numbers had reached 10,654 men by the end of June. By then the army consisted of four brigades and cavalry
.
Gen P.G.T. Beauregard, commanding the Confederate Army of the Potomac
at Manassas, Virginia
, requested assistance from Richmond, Virginia
(the Confederate capital) to deal with a large advancing Union army, the first invasion of the Confederacy during the Civil War. Union General Robert Patterson
had been ordered to prevent Johnston's assistance of Beauregard. He fought several small skirmishes and battles with the Army of the Shenandoah including a fight with Jackson's brigade at the Skirmish of Falling Waters
. Beginning July 18, Johnston successfully avoided interference from Patterson and moved his troops by railroad to Manassas. The troops arrived in time to support Beauregard in the First Battle of Manassas on July 21. Manassas was the only major action of the Army of the Shenandoah. Soon after the battle, the army was joined with Beauregard's Army of the Potomac under the command of Johnston. Later the combined Army of the Potomac was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia
, which was led by Johnston until his wounding at the Battle of Seven Pines
after which Robert E. Lee
took command.
Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America was a government set up from 1861 to 1865 by 11 Southern slave states of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S...
during the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
. Major General Kenton Harper
Kenton Harper
Kenton Harper was an American printer, soldier, town mayor, banker, newspaper editor, and legislator. He served as an officer in the U.S. Army during the Mexican–American War and later as a Confederate general officer during the American Civil War...
of the Virginia Militia organized about two thousand volunteers at Harpers Ferry
Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
Harpers Ferry is a historic town in Jefferson County, West Virginia, United States. In many books the town is called "Harper's Ferry" with an apostrophe....
by April 21, 1861. Brig. General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
Stonewall Jackson
ຄຽשת״ׇׂׂׂׂ֣|birth_place= Clarksburg, Virginia |death_place=Guinea Station, Virginia|placeofburial=Stonewall Jackson Memorial CemeteryLexington, Virginia|placeofburial_label= Place of burial|image=...
of the Virginia Militia took control of the militia elements on April 28. On May 24, leadership then passed to Gen. Joseph E. Johnston
Joseph E. Johnston
Joseph Eggleston Johnston was a career U.S. Army officer, serving with distinction in the Mexican-American War and Seminole Wars, and was also one of the most senior general officers in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War...
as the Virginia Militia came under the control of the Confederate States Army
Confederate States Army
The Confederate States Army was the army of the Confederate States of America while the Confederacy existed during the American Civil War. On February 8, 1861, delegates from the seven Deep South states which had already declared their secession from the United States of America adopted the...
. Numbers had reached 10,654 men by the end of June. By then the army consisted of four brigades and cavalry
Cavalry
Cavalry or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback. Cavalry were historically the third oldest and the most mobile of the combat arms...
.
Gen P.G.T. Beauregard, commanding the Confederate Army of the Potomac
Army of the Potomac (Confederate)
The Confederate Army of the Potomac, whose name was short-lived, was the command under Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard in the early days of the American Civil War. Its only major combat action was the First Battle of Bull Run. Afterwards, the Army of the Shenandoah was merged into the Army of the...
at Manassas, Virginia
Manassas, Virginia
The City of Manassas is an independent city surrounded by Prince William County and the independent city of Manassas Park in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Its population was 37,821 as of 2010. Manassas also surrounds the county seat for Prince William County but that county...
, requested assistance from Richmond, Virginia
Richmond, Virginia
Richmond is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia, in the United States. It is an independent city and not part of any county. Richmond is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Greater Richmond area...
(the Confederate capital) to deal with a large advancing Union army, the first invasion of the Confederacy during the Civil War. Union General Robert Patterson
Robert Patterson
Robert Patterson was a United States major general during the Mexican-American War and at the beginning of the American Civil War...
had been ordered to prevent Johnston's assistance of Beauregard. He fought several small skirmishes and battles with the Army of the Shenandoah including a fight with Jackson's brigade at the Skirmish of Falling Waters
Battle of Hoke's Run
The Battle of Hoke's Run, also known as the Battle of Falling Waters or Hainesville, took place on July 2, 1861, in Berkeley County, Virginia as part of the Manassas Campaign of the American Civil War....
. Beginning July 18, Johnston successfully avoided interference from Patterson and moved his troops by railroad to Manassas. The troops arrived in time to support Beauregard in the First Battle of Manassas on July 21. Manassas was the only major action of the Army of the Shenandoah. Soon after the battle, the army was joined with Beauregard's Army of the Potomac under the command of Johnston. Later the combined Army of the Potomac was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia
Army of Northern Virginia
The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, as well as the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union Army of the Potomac...
, which was led by Johnston until his wounding at the Battle of Seven Pines
Battle of Seven Pines
The Battle of Seven Pines, also known as the Battle of Fair Oaks or Fair Oaks Station, took place on May 31 and June 1, 1862, in Henrico County, Virginia, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War. It was the culmination of an offensive up the Virginia Peninsula by Union Maj. Gen....
after which Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee
Robert Edward Lee was a career military officer who is best known for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War....
took command.
Order of Battle at Manassas
Army of the Shenandoah: General Joseph E. JohnstonJoseph E. Johnston
Joseph Eggleston Johnston was a career U.S. Army officer, serving with distinction in the Mexican-American War and Seminole Wars, and was also one of the most senior general officers in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War...
- First Brigade: Brigadier General Thomas J. Jackson (W)
- 2nd Virginia Infantry2nd Virginia InfantryThe 2nd Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in today’s West Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought as part of the Stonewall Brigade, mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia....
- Colonel J.W. Allen - 4th Virginia Infantry4th Virginia InfantryThe 4th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought in the Stonewall Brigade, mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia....
- Colonel J.F. Preston - 5th Virginia Infantry5th Virginia InfantryThe 5th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought in the Stonewall Brigade, mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia....
- Colonel K. Harper - 27th Virginia Infantry27th Virginia InfantryThe 27th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought mostly with the Stonewall Brigade of the Army of Northern Virginia....
- Lieutenant Colonel J. Echols - 33rd Virginia Infantry33rd Virginia InfantryThe 33rd Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in the Commonwealth of Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War...
(8 Cos.) - Colonel A.C. Cummings - Rockbridge Artillery - Captain J. P. Brockenbrough
- 2nd Virginia Infantry
- Second Brigade: Colonel Francis Bartow (K)
- 7th Georgia - Colonel L.J. GartrellLucius Jeremiah GartrellLucius Jeremiah Gartrell was an American politician and lawyer, as well as general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.-Biography:Gartrell was born near Washington, Georgia...
(W) - 8th Georgia - Lieutenant Colonel W.M. Gardner (W)
- 1st Kentucky Battalion, Maj Thomas Claiborne
- Pope's Kentucky Battalion, Major Jon Pope
- Wise Artillery - Lieutenant John Pelham
- 7th Georgia - Colonel L.J. Gartrell
- Third Brigade: Brigadier General Barnard E. Bee (K)
- 4th Alabama - Colonel E. Jones (K), Colonel States Rights GistStates Rights GistStates Rights Gist was a lawyer, a militia general in South Carolina, and a Confederate Army brigadier general who served during the American Civil War. A relative of several prominent South Carolinians, Gist rose to fame during the war but was killed before its end at the Battle of Franklin on...
- 2nd Mississippi - Colonel W.C. Falkner
- 11th Mississippi - (Cos. A&F) - Lieutenant Colonel P.F. Liddell
- 6th North Carolina - Colonel C.F. Fisher (K)
- Staunton Artillery - Captain John D. ImbodenJohn D. ImbodenJohn Daniel Imboden was a lawyer, teacher, Virginia state legislator. During the American Civil War, he was a Confederate cavalry general and partisan fighter...
- 4th Alabama - Colonel E. Jones (K), Colonel States Rights Gist
- Fourth Brigade: Brigadier General Edmund Kirby SmithEdmund Kirby SmithEdmund Kirby Smith was a career United States Army officer and educator. He served as a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, notable for his command of the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederacy after the fall of Vicksburg.After the conflict ended Smith...
(W), Colonel Arnold ElzeyArnold ElzeyArnold Elzey , Jr. was a soldier in both the United States Army and the Confederate Army, serving as a major general during the American Civil War...
- 1st Maryland Battalion - Lieutenant Colonel George H. Steuart
- 3rd Tennessee - Colonel J.C. Vaughn
- 10th Virginia - Colonel S.B. Gibbons
- Culpeper Artillery - Lieutenant R. F. Beckham
- Not Brigaded:
- 1st Virginia Cavalry - Colonel J.E.B. StuartJ.E.B. StuartJames Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart was a U.S. Army officer from Virginia and a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War. He was known to his friends as "Jeb", from the initials of his given names. Stuart was a cavalry commander known for his mastery of reconnaissance and the use...
- Thomas Artillery - Captain P.B. Stanard
- 1st Virginia Cavalry - Colonel J.E.B. Stuart