Asplenium
Encyclopedia
Asplenium is a genus
of about 700 species
of fern
s, often treated as the only genus in the family
Aspleniaceae
, though other authors consider Hymenasplenium separate, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence
s, a different chromosome count, and structural differences in the rhizomes. The type species
for the genus is Asplenium marinum.
Many groups of species have been separated from Asplenium as segregate
genera. These include Camptosorus, Ceterach, Phyllitis, and Tarachia, but these species can form hybrids with other Asplenium species and because of this are usually included in a more broadly defined Asplenium.
Some of the older classifications elevate the Aspleniaceae to the taxonomic rank
of order
as Aspleniales. The newer classifications place it in the subordinal group called eupolypods within the order Polypodiales
. Within the eupolypods, Aspleniaceae belongs to a clade
informally and provisionally known as eupolypods II.
It has been found that in some species, the chloroplast
genome
has evolved
in complex and highly unusual ways. This makes standard cladistic analyses unsuited to resolve the phylogeny of that particular group of ferns, and even very sophisticated computational phylogenetics
methods yield little information. In addition to hybridization running rampant in parts of this genus, there are also some species like the mother spleenwort (A. bulbiferum) or A. viviparum which mainly reproduce asexually
, essentially cloning
themselves over and over again. While most are diploid or tetraploid, some species (e.g. A. shuttleworthianum) are octoploid.
The most common vernacular name is spleenworts, applied to the more "typical" species. A. nidus
and several similar species are called bird's-nest ferns, the Camptosorus group is known as walking fern
s, and distinct names are applied to some other particularly well-known species.
, that the fern was useful for ailments of the spleen
, due to the spleen-shaped sori
on the backs of the frond
s. "-wort" is an ancient English term that simply means "plant
" (compare German -wurz).
A few of these ferns have some economic importance in the horticulture
trade. The bird's-nest ferns (A. nidus
and several very similar, closely related species) are commonly found for sale as a house plant. The Australian mother spleenwort (A. bulbiferum) is sometimes available at greenhouse
s, and is of interest, along with the related A. viviparum, for the many small bulblets borne on the fronds that may grow into new plants. This characteristic is also shared with the eastern North American walking fern
(A. rhizophyllum) and several Mexican species including A. palmeri. The ebony spleenwort
A. platyneuron is also sometimes sold in nurseries as a hardy plant. However, many spleenworts are epipetric or epiphytic
and difficult to cultivate.
Asplenium species are used as food plants by the larva
e of some Lepidoptera
species including Batrachedra bedelliella which feeds exclusively on A. nidus. For diseases of Asplenium, see List of foliage plant diseases (Polypodiaceae).
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Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of about 700 species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
of fern
Fern
A fern is any one of a group of about 12,000 species of plants belonging to the botanical group known as Pteridophyta. Unlike mosses, they have xylem and phloem . They have stems, leaves, and roots like other vascular plants...
s, often treated as the only genus in the family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Aspleniaceae
Aspleniaceae
The Aspleniaceae is a family of ferns, included in the order Polypodiales or in some classifications as the only family in the order Aspleniales....
, though other authors consider Hymenasplenium separate, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence
DNA sequence
The sequence or primary structure of a nucleic acid is the composition of atoms that make up the nucleic acid and the chemical bonds that bond those atoms. Because nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are unbranched polymers, this specification is equivalent to specifying the sequence of...
s, a different chromosome count, and structural differences in the rhizomes. The type species
Type species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...
for the genus is Asplenium marinum.
Many groups of species have been separated from Asplenium as segregate
Segregate (taxonomy)
In taxonomy, a segregate, or a segregate taxon is created when a taxon is split off, from another taxon. This other taxon will be better known, usually bigger, and will continue to exist, even after the segregate taxon has been split off...
genera. These include Camptosorus, Ceterach, Phyllitis, and Tarachia, but these species can form hybrids with other Asplenium species and because of this are usually included in a more broadly defined Asplenium.
Some of the older classifications elevate the Aspleniaceae to the taxonomic rank
Taxonomic rank
In biological classification, rank is the level in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, and class. Each rank subsumes under it a number of less general categories...
of order
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
as Aspleniales. The newer classifications place it in the subordinal group called eupolypods within the order Polypodiales
Polypodiales
The order Polypodiales encompasses the major lineages of polypod ferns, which comprise more than 80% of today's fern species. They are found in many parts of the world including tropical, semitropical and temperate areas...
. Within the eupolypods, Aspleniaceae belongs to a clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
informally and provisionally known as eupolypods II.
It has been found that in some species, the chloroplast
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis.Chloroplasts are green...
genome
Plastome
The plastome is the genetic material that is found in plastids in plant cells . It composes part of the entire genome of photosynthetic organisms....
has evolved
Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. The biodiversity of life evolves by means of mutations, genetic drift and natural selection....
in complex and highly unusual ways. This makes standard cladistic analyses unsuited to resolve the phylogeny of that particular group of ferns, and even very sophisticated computational phylogenetics
Computational phylogenetics
Computational phylogenetics is the application of computational algorithms, methods and programs to phylogenetic analyses. The goal is to assemble a phylogenetic tree representing a hypothesis about the evolutionary ancestry of a set of genes, species, or other taxa...
methods yield little information. In addition to hybridization running rampant in parts of this genus, there are also some species like the mother spleenwort (A. bulbiferum) or A. viviparum which mainly reproduce asexually
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single parent, and inherit the genes of that parent only, it is reproduction which does not involve meiosis, ploidy reduction, or fertilization. A more stringent definition is agamogenesis which is reproduction without...
, essentially cloning
Cloning
Cloning in biology is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments , cells , or...
themselves over and over again. While most are diploid or tetraploid, some species (e.g. A. shuttleworthianum) are octoploid.
The most common vernacular name is spleenworts, applied to the more "typical" species. A. nidus
Asplenium nidus
Asplenium nidus is a species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae, native to tropical southeastern Asia, eastern Australia, Hawaii, Polynesia, Christmas Island, India, and eastern Africa...
and several similar species are called bird's-nest ferns, the Camptosorus group is known as walking fern
Walking fern
Walking fern may refer to two species of fern in the genus Asplenium which are occasionally placed in a separate genus Camptosorus. The name "walking fern" derives from the fact that new plantlets grow wherever the arching leaves of the parent touch the ground, creating a walking effect...
s, and distinct names are applied to some other particularly well-known species.
Uses
Both the scientific name and the common name "spleenwort" are derived from an old belief, based on the doctrine of signaturesDoctrine of signatures
The doctrine of signatures is a philosophy shared by herbalists from the time of Dioscurides and Galen. This doctrine states that herbs that resemble various parts of the body can be used to treat ailments of that part of the body. Examples include the plants liverwort; snakeroot, an antidote for...
, that the fern was useful for ailments of the spleen
Spleen
The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrate animals with important roles in regard to red blood cells and the immune system. In humans, it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock...
, due to the spleen-shaped sori
Sorus
A sorus is a cluster of sporangia .In fungi and lichens, the sorus is surrounded by an external layer. In some red algae it may take the form of a depression into the thallus....
on the backs of the frond
Frond
The term frond refers to a large, divided leaf. In both common usage and botanical nomenclature, the leaves of ferns are referred to as fronds and some botanists restrict the term to this group...
s. "-wort" is an ancient English term that simply means "plant
Plant
Plants are living organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Precise definitions of the kingdom vary, but as the term is used here, plants include familiar organisms such as trees, flowers, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae. The group is also called green plants or...
" (compare German -wurz).
A few of these ferns have some economic importance in the horticulture
Horticulture
Horticulture is the industry and science of plant cultivation including the process of preparing soil for the planting of seeds, tubers, or cuttings. Horticulturists work and conduct research in the disciplines of plant propagation and cultivation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic...
trade. The bird's-nest ferns (A. nidus
Asplenium nidus
Asplenium nidus is a species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae, native to tropical southeastern Asia, eastern Australia, Hawaii, Polynesia, Christmas Island, India, and eastern Africa...
and several very similar, closely related species) are commonly found for sale as a house plant. The Australian mother spleenwort (A. bulbiferum) is sometimes available at greenhouse
Greenhouse
A greenhouse is a building in which plants are grown. These structures range in size from small sheds to very large buildings...
s, and is of interest, along with the related A. viviparum, for the many small bulblets borne on the fronds that may grow into new plants. This characteristic is also shared with the eastern North American walking fern
Walking fern
Walking fern may refer to two species of fern in the genus Asplenium which are occasionally placed in a separate genus Camptosorus. The name "walking fern" derives from the fact that new plantlets grow wherever the arching leaves of the parent touch the ground, creating a walking effect...
(A. rhizophyllum) and several Mexican species including A. palmeri. The ebony spleenwort
Ebony spleenwort
left|thumbAsplenium platyneuron is a species of spleenwort with a peculiar distribution in two continents. In North America it is native almost throughout the eastern United States, and in the far southeast of Canada; there are also isolated small populations in New Mexico, Arizona and the West...
A. platyneuron is also sometimes sold in nurseries as a hardy plant. However, many spleenworts are epipetric or epiphytic
Epiphyte
An epiphyte is a plant that grows upon another plant non-parasitically or sometimes upon some other object , derives its moisture and nutrients from the air and rain and sometimes from debris accumulating around it, and is found in the temperate zone and in the...
and difficult to cultivate.
Asplenium species are used as food plants by the larva
Larva
A larva is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle...
e of some Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera is a large order of insects that includes moths and butterflies . It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies...
species including Batrachedra bedelliella which feeds exclusively on A. nidus. For diseases of Asplenium, see List of foliage plant diseases (Polypodiaceae).
Selected species
- Asplenium adiantum-nigrumAsplenium adiantum-nigrumAsplenium adiantum-nigrum is a common species of fern known by the common name black spleenwort. It is found mostly in Africa, Europe, and and Eurasia, but is also native to a few locales in Mexico and the US.-Description:...
L. – black spleenwort (= A. lucidum Burm.f.)- Asplenium adiantum-nigrum ssp. adiantum-nigrum
- Asplenium adiantum-nigrum ssp. serpentini (Tausch) Koch
- Asplenium adulterinum Milde – ladder spleenwort
- Asplenium aequibasisAsplenium aequibasisAsplenium aequibasis is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family. It is found in Tristan da Cunha. Its natural habitat is subantarctic shrubland.-References:* Roux, J.P. 2003. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
- Asplenium aethiopicum
- Asplenium africanum
- Asplenium × alternifolium Wulf.
- Asplenium angustum Sw.
- Asplenium antiquumAsplenium antiquumAsplenium antiquum is a fern of the group known as bird's-nest ferns. In Japanese it is known by ō-tani-watari and tani-watari. *DistributionThe fern is native to temperate East Asia, in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan...
Makino - Asplenium ascensionisAsplenium ascensionisAsplenium ascensionis is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family. It is endemic to Ascension Island. Its natural habitats are introduced vegetation. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Gray, A. 2003. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
S.Watson - Asplenium attenuatum R.Br.
- Asplenium aureum (sometimes in Ceterach)
- Asplenium auritum
- Asplenium australasicumAsplenium australasicumAsplenium australasicum is a species of plant in the Aspleniaceae family found in eastern Australia.-Taxonomy:Asplenium australasicum was originally described by English botanist John Smith in 1857 as Neottopteris australasica. He had reclassified the already known A. nidus in its own genus...
(J.Sm.) Hook. – crow's-nest fern- Asplenium australasicum f. australasicum
- Asplenium australasicum f. robinsonii
- Asplenium azoricumAsplenium azoricumAsplenium azoricum is a fern from hybrid origin of the Aspleniaceae family, descendent of the Macaronesian ancestral fern Asplenium anceps. It lives exclusively in the Azores, that is a strict endemic Azorean fern. Its fronds are coriaceous like plastic and its rachis is very thick, dark garnet...
Lovis, Rasbach & Reichst. - Asplenium bifronsAsplenium bifronsAsplenium bifrons is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
- Asplenium billottii – lanceolate spleenwort
- Asplenium bipinnatifidum
- Asplenium brachycarpum
- Asplenium bradleyiAsplenium bradleyiBradley's spleenwort, Asplenium bradleyi, is a rare rock fern of the Appalachian area of eastern North America. It is a species of hybrid origin. The parents are Asplenium montanum and Asplenium platyneuron. The hybrid became a species with a doubling of the chromosome number, hence this species...
- Asplenium bulbiferumAsplenium bulbiferumMother spleenwort, Asplenium bulbiferum, is a fern species native to Australia and New Zealand. It is also called hen and chicken fern and, in the Māori language, pikopiko and mouku. Its fronds are eaten as a vegetable....
– mother spleenwort, hen and chickens fern, mouku (MāoriMaori languageMāori or te reo Māori , commonly te reo , is the language of the indigenous population of New Zealand, the Māori. It has the status of an official language in New Zealand...
) - Asplenium cardiophyllumAsplenium cardiophyllumAsplenium cardiophyllum is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family. It is endemic to China. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
- Asplenium caudatum
- Asplenium ceterach – rustyback fern (sometimes in Ceterach)
- Asplenium cheilosorum
- Asplenium compressum Sw.
- Asplenium congestumAsplenium congestumAsplenium congestum is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
- Asplenium corderoanum
- Asplenium crinicaule
- Asplenium cristatum
- Asplenium cuneifolium – serpentine spleenwort
- Asplenium cymbifolium
- Asplenium dalhousiae (sometimes in Ceterach)
- Asplenium dareoides
- Asplenium daucifoliumAsplenium daucifoliumAsplenium daucifolium is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family, endemic to the Mascarene Islands.-Source:* * * Encycl. 2:310. 1786...
– Mauritius spleenwort - Asplenium difforme R.Br.
- Asplenium fissum
- Asplenium dimorphumAsplenium dimorphumAsplenium dimorphum is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family, endemic to Norfolk Island....
– Norfolk Island spleenwort - Asplenium divaricatum
- Asplenium dregeanum
- Asplenium ebenoides
- Asplenium ecuadorenseAsplenium ecuadorenseAsplenium ecuadorense is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss....
- Asplenium euneifolium Viv. (= A. forsteri auct. non Sadl.)
- Asplenium feei Kunze ex Fée
- Asplenium fissum
- Asplenium flabellifoliumAsplenium flabellifoliumAsplenium flabellifolium is commonly known as the Necklace Fern. This small and attractive fern occurs in all states of Australia, as well as in New Zealand. It was initially described by Spanish botanist Antonio José Cavanilles....
– necklace fern - Asplenium flaccidumAsplenium flaccidumAsplenium flaccidum is a species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae. The plant common name is Drooping Spleenwort or Weeping Spleenwort, and the species name flaccidum derives from the Latin root meaning drooping. An example occurrence of A...
G.Forst. – weeping spleenwort, hanging spleenwort - Asplenium fontanum (L.) Bernh. – smooth rock spleenwort
- Asplenium forisiense – rock spleenwort
- Asplenium formosum
- Asplenium gemmiferum Schrad.
- Asplenium × germanicum
- Asplenium gueinzii Mett.
- Asplenium goudeyiAsplenium goudeyiAsplenium goudeyi is a fern only found on Lord Howe Island. The family of this fern did not first appear until the Cretaceous period. A common plant growing in a variety of situations. On trees, or rocks, boulders, cliff faces and sometimes in exposed positions. The wavy edged fronds are 50 to 75...
Lord Howe Island - Asplenium hemionitis
- Asplenium hookerianum Colenso
- Asplenium hybridum
- Asplenium incisum
- Asplenium × kenzoi - oni-hinokishida, cultivated in Japan
- Asplenium laciniatum
- Asplenium lamprophyllum Carse
- Asplenium laserpitiifolium – Johnston River fern
- Asplenium lepidum C.Presl
- Asplenium listeriAsplenium listeriAsplenium listeri, commonly known as the Christmas Island Spleenwort, is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family. It is endemic to Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the north-eastern Indian Ocean...
– Christmas Island spleenwort - Asplenium longissimum
- Asplenium lucidum
- Asplenium lunulatum
- Asplenium lyallii
- Asplenium macedonicum
- Asplenium majoricumAsplenium majoricumAsplenium majoricum is a tiny fern endemic to Mallorca and some locations in Valencia and south of Catalonia. It belongs to the Aspleniaceae family. This allotetraploid hybrid is the result of crossbreeding between the diploid ferns Asplenium fontanum subsp. fontanum and Asplenium petrarchae subsp...
- Asplenium marinum – sea spleenwort
- Asplenium milnei Carruth.
- Asplenium montanumAsplenium montanumAsplenium montanum is commonly known as the mountain spleenwort, a simple reflection of the scientific name. It is a small but intricately divided fern of acid rocks. Typically, it grows in rock crevices into which moisture seeps from within the rock strata...
– mountain spleenwort - Asplenium musifolium
- Asplenium nidusAsplenium nidusAsplenium nidus is a species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae, native to tropical southeastern Asia, eastern Australia, Hawaii, Polynesia, Christmas Island, India, and eastern Africa...
– "bird's-nest fern" - Asplenium normale
- Asplenium obliquum
- Asplenium oblongifolium Colenso – shining spleenwort (= A. lucidum auct. non Burm.f., sensu G.Forst.)
- Asplenium obovatum
- Asplenium obtusatum G.Forst.
- Asplenium obtusatum ssp. northlandicum (Brownsey) Ogle (possibly distinct species)
- Asplenium obtusatum 'Chile' (possibly distinct species, sometimes included in A. obliquum)
- Asplenium oligolepidum C.Chr. (= A. lucidum auct. non Burm.f., sensu G.Forst.)
- Asplenium oligophlebium
- Asplenium onopteris L. – western black spleenwort, Irish spleenwort (sometimes included in A. adiantum-nigrum)
- Asplenium pacificum
- Asplenium paleaceum R.Br. – chaffy spleenwort
- Asplenium palmeri
- Asplenium petrarchaeAsplenium petrarchaeAsplenium petrarchae is a tiny fern of the family Aspleniaceae. Its fronds are densely pubescent-glandular with length between 5 and 14 cm. Petiole less than the sheet of dark brown and shiny. Sores along the central line of the pinnae, subelliptical and confluent when mature...
- Asplenium pinnatifidumAsplenium pinnatifidumAsplenium pinnatifidum is known as the lobed spleenwort or pinnatifid spleenwort. It is an Appalachian rock fern, growing in rock crevices in moderately acid to subacid strata. It is often confused with Asplenium bradleyi....
– lobed spleenwort - Asplenium planicaule
- Asplenium platybasis Kunze ex Mett.
- Asplenium platyneuron – ebony spleenwortEbony spleenwortleft|thumbAsplenium platyneuron is a species of spleenwort with a peculiar distribution in two continents. In North America it is native almost throughout the eastern United States, and in the far southeast of Canada; there are also isolated small populations in New Mexico, Arizona and the West...
- Asplenium polyodonAsplenium polyodonAsplenium polyodon, commonly known as Sickle Spleenwort, is a species of fern in the family Aspleniaceae. The distribution of A. polyodon includes parts of the countries of Australia and New Zealand...
G.Forst. – sickle spleenwort - Asplenium praemorsum
- Asplenium prolongatum Hook.
- Asplenium pteridioides
- Asplenium resiliens – black-stemmed spleenwort
- Asplenium rhizophyllumAsplenium rhizophyllumAsplenium rhizophyllum, the American Walking Fern, is a rare, low lying fern native to North America. It is a close relative of Asplenium ruprechtii which is found in East Asia and also goes by the common name of walking fern.-Description:The name walking fern was derived from the way the fern...
– American walking fern (sometimes in Camptosorus) - Asplenium richardii
- Asplenium ruprechtiiAsplenium ruprechtiiAsplenium ruprechtii, which goes by the common name Asian Walking Fern, is a rare, hardy, low lying fern native to East Asia. It is a close relative of Asplenium rhizophyllum which is found in North America and also goes by the common name of walking fern...
– Asian walking fern (sometimes in Camptosorus) - Asplenium ruta-murariaAsplenium ruta-murariaAsplenium ruta-muraria is a species of fern commonly known as wall-rue. In Germany, it is known as Mauerraute or Mauerstreifenfarn. It is a very small epipetric species, growing exclusively on limestone and other calcareous rocks. It is native to both Europe and eastern North America...
L. – wall-rue - Asplenium rustifolium
- Asplenium sagittatum – Mule's spleenwort (sometimes in Phyllitis)
- Asplenium sandersonii Hook.
- Asplenium schweinfurthiiAsplenium schweinfurthiiAsplenium schweinfurthii is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family. It is endemic to Yemen. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
- Asplenium scleroprium
- Asplenium scolopendrium – hart's-tongue (sometimes in Phyllitis)
- Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum – American Hart's-tongue
- Asplenium seelosii
- Asplenium septentrionaleAsplenium septentrionaleAsplenium septentrionale is a species of fern known by the common names northern spleenwort and forked spleenwort. It is native to western North America, Europe, and Asia, where it grows in rocky areas....
– forked spleenwort, northern spleenwort - Asplenium septentrionale × trichomanes Wulf.
- Asplenium serra
- Asplenium serratumAsplenium serratumAsplenium serratum, the Bird's nest spleenwort and Wild birdnest fern, is a fern native to Brazil, the Caribbean, and the United States...
– wild bird's-nest fern - Asplenium sessilifolium
- Asplenium shuttleworthianum Kunze
- Asplenium simplicifrons F.Muell.
- Asplenium splendens
- Asplenium surrogatum P.S.Green
- Asplenium tenerum G.Forst.
- Asplenium terrestre
- Asplenium theciferum (Kunth) Mett.
- Asplenium thunbergii
- Asplenium trichomanesAsplenium trichomanesAsplenium trichomanes is a small fern in the spleenwort genus Asplenium. It is a widespread and common species, occurring almost worldwide in a variety of rocky habitats. It is a variable fern with several subspecies.-Description:It grows in tufts from a short rhizome...
– maidenhair spleenwort- Asplenium trichomanes ssp. quadrivalens D.E. Meyer
- Asplenium trichomanes ssp. trichomanes
- Asplenium trichomanes subsp. coriaceifoliumAsplenium trichomanes subsp. coriaceifoliumAsplenium trichomanes subsp. coriaceifolium is an allotetraploid hybrid fern of the Aspleniaceae family. It was found for the first time in the Soller Valley in the Serra de Tramuntana of the island of Mallorca, Spain, and described by both Spanish and German botanists at the same time...
- Asplenium unilaterale
- Asplenium vespertinumAsplenium vespertinumAsplenium vespertinum is a species of fern known by the common name western spleenwort. It is native to southern California and Baja California, where it grows in moist, shady, rocky places, such as the shadows beneath cliff overhangs....
- Asplenium vieillardii Mett.
- Asplenium virensAsplenium virensAsplenium virens is a species of fern in the Aspleniaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
- Asplenium virideAsplenium virideAsplenium viride is known as the green spleenwort because of its green stipes and raches. This feature easily distinguishes this species from the very similar-looking maidenhair spleenwort, Asplenium trichomanes.-Nomenclature:...
– green spleenwort - Asplenium vittiforme
- Asplenium viviparum
See also
- Mount AspleniumMount AspleniumMount Asplenium is a mountain in the Main Range of south-east Queensland, Australia. It is protected within the Main Range National Park. The summit can be reached by hiking south from Mount Huntley, however there is no marked trail so only experienced navigators should attempt the ascent...
- Phyllocladus aspleniifoliusPhyllocladus aspleniifoliusPhyllocladus aspleniifolius is an endemic gymnosperm of Tasmania, Australia. It is found in rainforest as a dominant, in eucalypt forest as an understorey species, and occurs occasionally as a shrub in alpine vegetation...
(Celery-top Pine, a conifer with Asplenium-like leaves) - Asplenium hybridsAsplenium hybridsThe fern genus Asplenium is well-known for its hybridization capacity, especially in temperate zones.-North American Asplenium Hybrid Complex:...