Azd
Encyclopedia
The Azd or Al Azd, are an Arabian tribe. They were a branch of the Kahlan
tribe, which was one of the two branches of Qahtan
the other being Himyar
.
In the ancient times, they inhabited Ma'rib
, the capital city of the Sabaean Kingdom in modern-day Yemen
. Their lands were irrigated by the Ma'rib Dam, which is thought by some to have been one of the Ancient World Wonders because of its size. When the dam collapsed for the third time in the 3rd century AD, a large number of the Azd tribe left Yemen and immigrated in many directions.
Azd is also a widely used male name in Yemen.
where he settled and initiated the kingdom of the Ghassanids
who was so named after a spring of water where they stopped on their way to Syria.
This branch will produce:
The Ghassanids remained mostly Christian and today they makeup the majority of Arab Christians in Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, and Syria.
and Khazraj, sons of Haritha bin Thalabah. Those will be the Muslim Ansar
and will produce the last Arab Dynasty in Spain (the Nasrids).
, They were later replaced by their Adnani allied tribe of Quraish. Banu Almustaliq will branch out of Khuza'a and settled Qadid on the Red Sea
shore between Jeddah
and Rabigh
http://www.anwary-islam.com/battle/ghazwah_mustaliq.html.
being instrumental in the conquest of Fars, Makran
and Sindh
. They were the chief merchant group of Oman
and Al-Ubulla who organized a trading diaspora with settlements of Persianized Arabs on the coasts of Kirman and Makran extending into Sindh since the days of Ardashir. They were strongly involved in the western trade with India
and with the expansion of the Muslim conquests
they began to consolidate their commercial and political authority on the eastern frontier. During the early years of the Muslim conquests
the Azdi ports of Bahrain
and Oman
were staging grounds for Muslim naval fleets headed to Fars and Hind
. From 637 A.D the conquests of Fars and Makran were dominated by the Azdi and allied tribes from Oman. Between 665 A.D and 683 A.D the Azdi 'Uman became especially prominent due in Basra on account of favors from Ziyad bin Abihi, the Governor of Muawiya I, and his son Ubaidullah. When a member of their tribe Abu Said Al- Muhallab ibn Abi Suffrah
became governor their influence and wealth increased as he extended Muslim conquests to Makran
and Sindh
where so many other Azdi were settled. After his death in 702 though they lost their grip on power with the rise of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf as governor of Iraq
. Al-Hajjaj pursued a systematic policy of breaking Umayyad
power as a result of which the Azdi also suffered. With the death of Hajjaj and under Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
as Caliph
, their fortunes reversed once again with the appointment of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab
.
Elayah tribe is a big tribe in Yemen. It is located in different palaces in Yemen. It's tribe men more than 30,000 one. Elayah tribe is basically from Yafaá area and after-that many of its members moved to other areas in Yemen and Arabic world.
Kahlan
Kahlan was one of the main tribal federations of Saba'a in Yemen.-Conflict with Himyar:By the 1st century BC Saba'a was declining gradually and its southern neighbor Himyar was able to settle many Nomadic tribes that was allied to Saba'a and create a stronger Himyarite nation in the lowlands...
tribe, which was one of the two branches of Qahtan
Qahtanite
The terms Qahtanite and Qahtani refer to Semitic peoples either originating in, or claiming genealogical descent from the southern extent of the Arabian Peninsula, especially from Yemen....
the other being Himyar
Himyar
The Himyarite Kingdom or Himyar , historically referred to as the Homerite Kingdom by the Greeks and the Romans, was a kingdom in ancient Yemen. Established in 110 BC, it took as its capital the modern day city of Sana'a after the ancient city of Zafar...
.
In the ancient times, they inhabited Ma'rib
Ma'rib
Ma'rib or Marib is the capital town of the Ma'rib Governorate, Yemen and was the capital of the Sabaean kingdom, which some scholars believe to be the ancient Sheba of biblical fame. It is located at , approximately 120 kilometers east of Yemen's modern capital, Sana'a...
, the capital city of the Sabaean Kingdom in modern-day Yemen
Yemen
The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
. Their lands were irrigated by the Ma'rib Dam, which is thought by some to have been one of the Ancient World Wonders because of its size. When the dam collapsed for the third time in the 3rd century AD, a large number of the Azd tribe left Yemen and immigrated in many directions.
Azd is also a widely used male name in Yemen.
Azd branches
In the 3rd century AD. The Azd branched into four branches each led by one of the sons of Amr bin MuzaqibaImran Bin Amr
Imran bin Amr and the bulk of the tribe went to Oman where they established the Azdi presence in Eastern Arabia and later invaded Karman and Shiraz in Southern Persia, these came to be known as (Azd Daba). Another branch headed west back to Yemen and a group went further West all the way to Tihama on the Red Sea (Azd Al-Suna'a). This branch will become known as Azd Uman after Islam.Jafna bin Amr
Jafna bin Amr and his family, headed for SyriaSyria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
where he settled and initiated the kingdom of the Ghassanids
Ghassanids
The Ghassanids were a group of South Arabian Christian tribes that emigrated in the early 3rd century from Yemen to Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and the Holy Land....
who was so named after a spring of water where they stopped on their way to Syria.
This branch will produce:
- The Ghassanid Dynasty,
- A Roman Emperor (Philip the ArabPhilip the ArabPhilip the Arab , also known as Philip or Philippus Arabs, was Roman Emperor from 244 to 249. He came from Syria, and rose to become a major figure in the Roman Empire. He achieved power after the death of Gordian III, quickly negotiating peace with the Sassanid Empire...
) - A Byzantine dynasty (Nikephoros)
The Ghassanids remained mostly Christian and today they makeup the majority of Arab Christians in Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, and Syria.
Thalabah bin Amr
Thalabah bin Amr left his tribe Al-Azd for Hijaz and dwelt between Thalabiyah and Dhi Qar. When he gained strength, he headed for Yathrib where he stayed. Of his seed are the great AwsAWS
AWS or aws can refer to:Business* Alien Workshop, a skateboard company* Austria Wirtschaftsservice Gesellschaft , an Austrian bank* AWS Shopper, Automobilwerk Walter Schätzle, German manufacturer of a microcarMusic...
and Khazraj, sons of Haritha bin Thalabah. Those will be the Muslim Ansar
Ansar (military)
Anṣâr refer to a class of warriors who are renowned for their arsenal of weapons and for their speed and mobility on the battlefield. The quality of the Arabian horses quickly led to these soldiers dominating the battlefield, making ample use of their array of weaponry, which consisted of...
and will produce the last Arab Dynasty in Spain (the Nasrids).
Haritha/Khuza'a bin Amr
Khuza'a known as Haritha Amr bin Muzaqiba. Lead a branch of the Azd Qahtani tribes wandered with his tribe in Hijaz until they came to Mar al-Zahran. Later, they conquered the Haram, and settled in Mecca after having driven away its people, the tribe of JurhumJurhum
Jurhum was a Qahtani tribe in the Arabian peninsula. An old Arab tribe, their historical abode was Yemen before they emigrated to Mecca....
, They were later replaced by their Adnani allied tribe of Quraish. Banu Almustaliq will branch out of Khuza'a and settled Qadid on the Red Sea
Red Sea
The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez...
shore between Jeddah
Jeddah
Jeddah, Jiddah, Jidda, or Jedda is a city located on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, the largest sea port on the Red Sea, and the second largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh. The...
and Rabigh
Rabigh
Rabigh is an ancient town on the western coast of Saudi Arabia . It is in Makkah Province. It used to be named "Al-Johfa" until the early years of the 17th century. In some ancient stories the town had been completely destroyed through a sea water...
http://www.anwary-islam.com/battle/ghazwah_mustaliq.html.
Azd 'Uman
The Azd 'Uman were for a while the dominant Arab tribe in the eastern realms of the CaliphateCaliphate
The term caliphate, "dominion of a caliph " , refers to the first system of government established in Islam and represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah...
being instrumental in the conquest of Fars, Makran
Makran
The present day Makran is a semi-desert coastal strip in the south of Sindh, Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan, along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. The present day Makran derived its name from Maka, a satrap of Achaemenid Empire....
and Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
. They were the chief merchant group of Oman
Oman
Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
and Al-Ubulla who organized a trading diaspora with settlements of Persianized Arabs on the coasts of Kirman and Makran extending into Sindh since the days of Ardashir. They were strongly involved in the western trade with India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
and with the expansion of the Muslim conquests
Muslim conquests
Muslim conquests also referred to as the Islamic conquests or Arab conquests, began with the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He established a new unified polity in the Arabian Peninsula which under the subsequent Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates saw a century of rapid expansion of Muslim power.They...
they began to consolidate their commercial and political authority on the eastern frontier. During the early years of the Muslim conquests
Muslim conquests
Muslim conquests also referred to as the Islamic conquests or Arab conquests, began with the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He established a new unified polity in the Arabian Peninsula which under the subsequent Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates saw a century of rapid expansion of Muslim power.They...
the Azdi ports of Bahrain
Bahrain
' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...
and Oman
Oman
Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
were staging grounds for Muslim naval fleets headed to Fars and Hind
Hind
The word Hind may refer to:* A female red deer* al-Hind , also Hind - The people of India or Indian subcontinent...
. From 637 A.D the conquests of Fars and Makran were dominated by the Azdi and allied tribes from Oman. Between 665 A.D and 683 A.D the Azdi 'Uman became especially prominent due in Basra on account of favors from Ziyad bin Abihi, the Governor of Muawiya I, and his son Ubaidullah. When a member of their tribe Abu Said Al- Muhallab ibn Abi Suffrah
Mohalib
Al Muhallab bin Abi Suffrah, , also known as Abu Said., Azdi Arab warrior and general, originally from Dibba on present day Oman-UAE border. He was an important participant in the political developments of his time and the object of many poets praise...
became governor their influence and wealth increased as he extended Muslim conquests to Makran
Makran
The present day Makran is a semi-desert coastal strip in the south of Sindh, Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan, along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. The present day Makran derived its name from Maka, a satrap of Achaemenid Empire....
and Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
where so many other Azdi were settled. After his death in 702 though they lost their grip on power with the rise of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf as governor of Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
. Al-Hajjaj pursued a systematic policy of breaking Umayyad
Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the...
power as a result of which the Azdi also suffered. With the death of Hajjaj and under Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
Sulayman bin Abd al-Malik was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 715 until 717. His father was Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, and he was a younger brother of the previous caliph, al-Walid I.-Early years:...
as Caliph
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
, their fortunes reversed once again with the appointment of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab
Yazid ibn al-Muhallab
Yazid ibn al-Muhallab was a provincial governor in the time of the Umayyad dynasty.In A.H. 78 Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf appointed al-Muhallab Khurasan's governor. In A.H. 82 al-Muhallab's son Mughirah died and al-Muhallab sent Yazid to replace him. Soon afterwards al-Muhallab died and al-Hajjaj...
.
Influential people or branches of Azd
- The GhassanidsGhassanidsThe Ghassanids were a group of South Arabian Christian tribes that emigrated in the early 3rd century from Yemen to Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and the Holy Land....
- The Banu TanukhTanukhidsThe Tanûkhids or Tanukh were originally from the Qahtani confederation of Arab tribes, sometimes characterized as Saracens. They first rose to prominence in northern Arabia and south of Syria in the 3rd century BCE...
- Banu Ma'anMa'anMa'an is a town in southern Jordan 218 km away from the capital Amman. It is the capital of Ma'an Governorate. Ma'an has a population of around 50,000. The city had a population of 22,989 in the 1992 census and is estimated as being about 50,000 as of 2007 according to the Ma'an Municipality...
(Part of the Tanukhi tribal Confederation) - The Nasrid dynasty of Al-AndalusAl-AndalusAl-Andalus was the Arabic name given to a nation and territorial region also commonly referred to as Moorish Iberia. The name describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Muslims , at various times in the period between 711 and 1492, although the territorial boundaries...
- The Al SaidAl SaidAl Said is the ruling dynasty of the Sultanate of Oman, a prominent branch of the Al Busaid clan which has successively ruled the country since 1749.-Origins:...
dynasy of OmanOmanOman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the... - The Al NahyanAl NahyanAl Nahyan is a neighborhood of Abu Dhabi. It is named after the Al Nahyan family. It contains the Al Nahyan Stadium....
dynasy of the United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab EmiratesThe United Arab Emirates, abbreviated as the UAE, or shortened to "the Emirates", is a state situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman, and Saudi Arabia, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Iran.The UAE is a...
and Abu DhabiAbu DhabiAbu Dhabi , literally Father of Gazelle, is the capital and the second largest city of the United Arab Emirates in terms of population and the largest of the seven member emirates of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western... - The Al MaktoumAl MaktoumAl Maktoum is the family name of the ruling dynasty of the emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The Al Maktoum family is a branch of the Bani Yas tribe , a powerful bedouin clan from the interior...
dynasy of DubaiDubaiDubai is a city and emirate in the United Arab Emirates . The emirate is located south of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi... - Ibn DuraidIbn DuraidIbn Duraid ابن دريد الأزدي , Arab poet and philologist, was born at Basra...
- Abu Dawood Collector of Hadith
- Khalil ibn AhmadKhalil ibn AhmadAbu ‘Abd ar-Rahmān al-Khalīl ibn Ahmad al-Farāhīdī , more commonly known as al-Farahidi, was a philologist from southern Arabia . His best known contributions are Kitab al-'Ayn , the current standard for Harakat , and the invention al-'arud . He moved to Basra, Iraq, he was Ibadi...
- KuthayyirKuthayyirKuthayyir ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Mulahi , commonly known as Kuthayyir 'Azza was an Arab 'Udhri poet of the Umayyad period from the tribe of Azd. He was born in Medina and resided in Hijaz and Egypt. In his poems he was occupied with his unfullfilled love to a married woman named 'Azza. Favorite...
, Arabic poet - Ibn al-BannaIbn al-BannaIbn al‐Bannāʾ al‐Marrākushī al-Azdi also known as Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Azdi. [29) December 1256 – c. 1321) was a Moroccan mathematician, astronomer, Islamic scholar, Sufi, and a one time astrologer....
- Jabir ibn Zayd Al-Azdi, the co-founder of the IbadiIbadiThe Ibāḍī movement, Ibadism or Ibāḍiyya is a form of Islam distinct from the Sunni and Shia denominations. It is the dominant form of Islam in Oman and Zanzibar...
sect of IslamIslamIslam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~... - Al Muhallab ibn Abi Suffrah
- Ibn Al-ThahabiIbn Al-ThahabiAbu Mohammed Abdellah Ibn Mohammed Al-Azdi , known also as Ibn Al-Thahabi, was an Arab physician, famous for writing the first known alphabetical encyclopedia of medicine.-Biography:...
- Tribe Algamd
- Tribe al-Shehri
- Tribe of Zahran, Al Baha is the home land of the Ghamid and Zahran tribes.
- Tribes of ArabiaTribes of ArabiaTribes of Arabia refers to Arab clans hailing from the Arabian Peninsula.Much of the lineage provided before Ma'ad relies on biblical genealogy and therefore questions persist concerning the accuracy of this segment of Arab genealogy...
Elayah tribe is a big tribe in Yemen. It is located in different palaces in Yemen. It's tribe men more than 30,000 one. Elayah tribe is basically from Yafaá area and after-that many of its members moved to other areas in Yemen and Arabic world.