Baia Mare
Encyclopedia
Baia Mare (ˈbaja ˈmare; ; ; ; ; , Banya) is a municipality
in northwestern Romania
and the capital of Maramureş County
. The city is situated about 600 kilometres from Bucharest
, the capital of Romania
, 70 kilometres from the border with Hungary
and 50 kilometres from the border with Ukraine
. The city administers four villages: Blidari (Kőbánya), Firiza (Felsőfernezely), Valea Borcutului (Borpatak) and Valea Neagră (Feketepatak).
, in the middle of a plateau
with a warm Mediterranean-like climate, has facilitated living conditions since the Palaeolithic. During the Bronze Age
the region was inhabited by Thracian
tribes. Later, it was included in the Dacia
n kingdom formed by the King Burebista
when the mining exploration began, as the area is rich in gold
and silver
.
Baia Mare is first mentioned in written documents released by Charles I of Hungary
in 1328 under the name of Rivulus Dominarum (Ladies' River).
Later, in 1347 the town is presented in documents by Louis I of Hungary as an important medieval town with a prosperous mining industry. Its rules of organisation were characteristic of the free towns of that time. In 1411 the town and its surrounding areas, including the mines, were transferred into the property of the Hunyadi family
by Sigismund
, the Holy Roman Emperor, who recognised Janos Hunyadi
's contribution to stop the Turkish
invasion of Western Europe.
The town entered in a period of prosperity, when St. Stephen Cathedral
was built. Today the cathedral tower is one of the best-known of the town's historic landmarks (see Stephen's Tower
). The first school
, named Schola Rivulina, was opened in Baia Mare in 1547 by the Reformed Church following the Protestant Reformation
.
In 1703 Pintea Viteazul and his band managed to free the town for a short period of time from the Holy Roman Empire
, for which it served as the imperial treasury. Since then Pintea has been seen as an important figure in the town's history, representing the dream of freedom. The Budesti Church has his chain mail shirt and a helmet reportedly worn by "Pintea the Brave", as he was called. The Museum of Baia Mare displays his weapons and their harness.
In 1748 the city’s mining industry made a leap forward when the Austria
n authorities created the headquarters of "Superior Mining".
In the late nineteenth century, Simon Hollósy
, István Réti
, János Thorma
, and Károly Ferenczy
were among numerous young Hungarian and Romanian artists who left the area to study at the Munich Academy in Bavaria
, because the Austro-Hungarian Empire lacked an art academy. In 1896, they decided to settle together in Baia Mare, then called Nagybánya, to work on art. Their artistic colony became known for a significant movement influencing the development of twentieth-century Hungarian art. Works by each of these important painters is held by the Hungarian National Gallery
in Budapest.
Following World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was dissolved, and in 1919, Baia Mare was annexed by the Kingdom of Romania
. It was re-occupied by Hungary
between 1940-1944 but returned to Romania after World War II
. Shortly after World War II in postwar development, the town of Baia Mare started to grow in both population and inhabited area. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, a new town centre
was developed with modern architecture
buildings and structures.
In 2000, Baia Mare was the site of what has been considered Europe's worst ecological disaster
since Chernobyl. The tailing dam at a gold processing plant broke and 100,000 cubic meters/70 tons of toxic cyanide
and heavy metal-laced waste water escaped into the River Tisza
and into Hungary, making its way into the Danube and affecting Romania, Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, and Bulgaria. More than 1,400 tons of fish, numerous eagles, storks and otters all died. Scientists also fear the release may have led to the ultimate extinction of at least five fish species. Despite the accident's happening in Romania, much of the impact was felt in Hungary. The accident prompted Hungary to ban the use of cyanide in gold processing and urge the rest of Europe to do the same.
The city is situated in the Baia Mare valley and is encircled on all sides by hills and mountains, which makes the climate in the city milder than the rest of the surrounding area. Proof of this is that the outskirts of Baia Mare are the only areas where you can find chestnut trees that usually need Mediterranean climate to grow. This is the northernmost reach of the chestnut tree.
However, abrupt temperature changes take place and, during the winters, the temperatures may occasionally drop below -20 degrees Celsius. The summers are mild, cooler than in the rest of the country. The precipitations in this area are quite high, due to the mountains in the north and east which do not allow the air masses to pass beyond the region's limits, the average rainfall being almost 1000 mm/year.
The city of Baia Mare is the most populous of Northern Romanian cities (Satu Mare, Suceava
and Botoşani
), with a population of approximately 149,735. It also has high a level of culture and education, being home to theatres, schools, museums and art galleries.
Not far from the city there are a few very important natural reservations, among them Creasta Cocoşului, Cheile Tătărului, Lacul Albastru etc.
Because of its privileged location in the Eastern Carpathian mountains it is considered one of the most picturesque cities in Romania
.
and 642 others, including Greeks
, Turks
, Italians, Lippovans, Poles
and Slovaks
.
Before the Second World War, Baia Mare had a community of more than 1.000 Jews
, out of which only around 130 still live in the city, due to the deportation and extermination of the Jews
in the Holocaust by the occupying Hungarian regime. Along with Rădăuţi
, Gura Humorului
and others, Baia Mare was one of the country's shtetls. There is a synagogue
dating from 1885.
.
The road infrastructure within the city is changing to be able to better connect the city and absorb the traffic. An express road is to be built between Petea
(at the border with Hungary
) and Baia Mare, a project for which the feasibility study has just completed. The express road will connect the cities of Baia Mare and Satu Mare to the Hungarian
motorway M3, and thus to the whole Europe
an motorway network.
, Italy
, since 2003 Nyíregyháza
, Hungary
, since 2003 - partnership only Hódmezovásárhely
, Hungary
, since 2001 Bielsko-Biała
, Poland
, since 2001 Hollywood
, USA, since 2001 Wels
, Austria
, since 2000 Ivano-Frankivsk
, Ukraine
, since 1990 Szolnok
, Hungary
, since 1990 Kitwe
, Zambia
, since 1972 Combs-la-Ville
, France
, since 2009
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...
in northwestern Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
and the capital of Maramureş County
Maramures County
Maramureș is a county of Romania, in the Maramureș region. The county seat is Baia Mare.- History :* The 10th century frontier county of Borsova was founded by Stephen I of Hungary. Since then Máramaros served as the north-eastern border of the Hungarian Kingdom until 1920, the Trianon Peace...
. The city is situated about 600 kilometres from Bucharest
Bucharest
Bucharest is the capital municipality, cultural, industrial, and financial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the Dâmbovița River....
, the capital of Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, 70 kilometres from the border with Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
and 50 kilometres from the border with Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. The city administers four villages: Blidari (Kőbánya), Firiza (Felsőfernezely), Valea Borcutului (Borpatak) and Valea Neagră (Feketepatak).
History
The city's development on the middle course of Săsar RiverSasar River
The Săsar River is a medium-size river which crosses the Baia Mare region of Romania andflows through the city of Baia Mare in Maramureş County....
, in the middle of a plateau
Plateau
In geology and earth science, a plateau , also called a high plain or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting of relatively flat terrain. A highly eroded plateau is called a dissected plateau...
with a warm Mediterranean-like climate, has facilitated living conditions since the Palaeolithic. During the Bronze Age
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
the region was inhabited by Thracian
Thracians
The ancient Thracians were a group of Indo-European tribes inhabiting areas including Thrace in Southeastern Europe. They spoke the Thracian language – a scarcely attested branch of the Indo-European language family...
tribes. Later, it was included in the Dacia
Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians or Getae as they were known by the Greeks—the branch of the Thracians north of the Haemus range...
n kingdom formed by the King Burebista
Burebista
Burebista was a king of the Getae and Dacians, who unified for the first time their tribes and ruled them between 82 BC and 44 BC. He led plunder and conquest raids across Central and Southeastern Europe, subjugating most of the neighbouring tribes...
when the mining exploration began, as the area is rich in gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
and silver
Silver
Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal...
.
Baia Mare is first mentioned in written documents released by Charles I of Hungary
Charles I of Hungary
Charles I , also known as Charles Robert , was the first King of Hungary and Croatia of the House of Anjou. He was also descended from the old Hungarian Árpád dynasty. His claim to the throne of Hungary was contested by several pretenders...
in 1328 under the name of Rivulus Dominarum (Ladies' River).
Later, in 1347 the town is presented in documents by Louis I of Hungary as an important medieval town with a prosperous mining industry. Its rules of organisation were characteristic of the free towns of that time. In 1411 the town and its surrounding areas, including the mines, were transferred into the property of the Hunyadi family
Hunyadi
Hunyadi may refer to:* Hunyadi family, a Hungarian noble family from the Middle Ages* John Hunyadi, a Hungarian general and Regent-Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary* Laszlo Hunyadi, a Hungarian statesman* Matthias Corvinus , King of Hungary...
by Sigismund
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund of Luxemburg KG was King of Hungary, of Croatia from 1387 to 1437, of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last Emperor of the House of Luxemburg. He was also King of Italy from 1431, and of Germany from 1411...
, the Holy Roman Emperor, who recognised Janos Hunyadi
John Hunyadi
John Hunyadi John Hunyadi (Hungarian: Hunyadi János , Medieval Latin: Ioannes Corvinus or Ioannes de Hunyad, Romanian: Iancu (Ioan) de Hunedoara, Croatian: Janko Hunjadi, Serbian: Сибињанин Јанко / Sibinjanin Janko, Slovak: Ján Huňady) John Hunyadi (Hungarian: Hunyadi János , Medieval Latin: ...
's contribution to stop the Turkish
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
invasion of Western Europe.
The town entered in a period of prosperity, when St. Stephen Cathedral
Cathedral
A cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop...
was built. Today the cathedral tower is one of the best-known of the town's historic landmarks (see Stephen's Tower
Stephen's Tower (Baia Mare)
Stephen's Tower is a tower located on Citadel Square in Baia Mare, Romania. Over high and built in a neo-Gothic style, it is a symbol of the city....
). The first school
School
A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In these systems, students progress through a series of schools...
, named Schola Rivulina, was opened in Baia Mare in 1547 by the Reformed Church following the Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
.
In 1703 Pintea Viteazul and his band managed to free the town for a short period of time from the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
, for which it served as the imperial treasury. Since then Pintea has been seen as an important figure in the town's history, representing the dream of freedom. The Budesti Church has his chain mail shirt and a helmet reportedly worn by "Pintea the Brave", as he was called. The Museum of Baia Mare displays his weapons and their harness.
In 1748 the city’s mining industry made a leap forward when the Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n authorities created the headquarters of "Superior Mining".
In the late nineteenth century, Simon Hollósy
Simon Hollósy
Simon Hollósy ; was a Hungarian painter. He was considered one of the greatest Hungarian representatives of 19th century Naturalism and Realism. Hollósy was not productive as an artist: he was in search of atmospheres and his productivity was confined to teaching...
, István Réti
István Réti
István Réti was a Hungarian painter, professor, art historian and leading member, as well as a founder and theoretician, of the Nagybánya artists' colony....
, János Thorma
János Thorma
János Thorma was a Hungarian painter. A representative figure of the Nagybánya artists' colony, his work progressed from naturalism, to historical subjects, to romantic realism to a Post-Impressionism of a style specific to Nagybánya .Born in Kiskunhalas, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary to the...
, and Károly Ferenczy
Károly Ferenczy
Károly Ferenczy was a Hungarian painter and leading member of the Nagybánya artists' colony.-External links:*...
were among numerous young Hungarian and Romanian artists who left the area to study at the Munich Academy in Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
, because the Austro-Hungarian Empire lacked an art academy. In 1896, they decided to settle together in Baia Mare, then called Nagybánya, to work on art. Their artistic colony became known for a significant movement influencing the development of twentieth-century Hungarian art. Works by each of these important painters is held by the Hungarian National Gallery
Hungarian National Gallery
The Hungarian National Gallery , was established in 1957 as the national art museum. It is located in Buda Castle in Budapest, Hungary. Its collections cover Hungarian art in all genres, including the many twentieth-century Hungarian artists who worked in Paris and other locations in the West...
in Budapest.
Following World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was dissolved, and in 1919, Baia Mare was annexed by the Kingdom of Romania
Kingdom of Romania
The Kingdom of Romania was the Romanian state based on a form of parliamentary monarchy between 13 March 1881 and 30 December 1947, specified by the first three Constitutions of Romania...
. It was re-occupied by Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
between 1940-1944 but returned to Romania after World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Shortly after World War II in postwar development, the town of Baia Mare started to grow in both population and inhabited area. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, a new town centre
Town centre
The town centre is the term used to refer to the commercial or geographical centre or core area of a town.Town centres are traditionally associated with shopping or retail. They are also the centre of communications with major public transport hubs such as train or bus stations...
was developed with modern architecture
Modern architecture
Modern architecture is generally characterized by simplification of form and creation of ornament from the structure and theme of the building. It is a term applied to an overarching movement, with its exact definition and scope varying widely...
buildings and structures.
In 2000, Baia Mare was the site of what has been considered Europe's worst ecological disaster
2000 Baia Mare cyanide spill
The 2000 Baia Mare cyanide spill was a leak of cyanide near Baia Mare, Romania, into the Someş River by the gold mining company Aurul, a joint-venture of the Australian company Esmeralda Exploration and the Romanian government....
since Chernobyl. The tailing dam at a gold processing plant broke and 100,000 cubic meters/70 tons of toxic cyanide
Cyanide
A cyanide is a chemical compound that contains the cyano group, -C≡N, which consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. Cyanides most commonly refer to salts of the anion CN−. Most cyanides are highly toxic....
and heavy metal-laced waste water escaped into the River Tisza
Tisza
The Tisza or Tisa is one of the main rivers of Central Europe. It rises in Ukraine, and is formed near Rakhiv by the junction of headwaters White Tisa, whose source is in the Chornohora mountains and Black Tisa, which springs in the Gorgany range...
and into Hungary, making its way into the Danube and affecting Romania, Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, and Bulgaria. More than 1,400 tons of fish, numerous eagles, storks and otters all died. Scientists also fear the release may have led to the ultimate extinction of at least five fish species. Despite the accident's happening in Romania, much of the impact was felt in Hungary. The accident prompted Hungary to ban the use of cyanide in gold processing and urge the rest of Europe to do the same.
Geography
The city is situated in the vicinity of the Gutâi and Igniş Mountains. Altitudes reach 1400 meters in some peaks. The area is famous for its outstanding landscapes, and the mountains are easily accessible from the city, famous routes being: Igniş (1307 m), Mogoşa (1246 m), Gutâi (1443 m), Creasta Cocosului (1450 m), Piatra Soimului (839 m), Plestioara (803 m), Dealul Bulat (683 m), Murgau (633 m), Dealul Crucii (500 m) etc. Some of these mountains provide skiing slopes, most notably the one at Mogoşa, which is the most difficult slope in Northern Romania.The city is situated in the Baia Mare valley and is encircled on all sides by hills and mountains, which makes the climate in the city milder than the rest of the surrounding area. Proof of this is that the outskirts of Baia Mare are the only areas where you can find chestnut trees that usually need Mediterranean climate to grow. This is the northernmost reach of the chestnut tree.
However, abrupt temperature changes take place and, during the winters, the temperatures may occasionally drop below -20 degrees Celsius. The summers are mild, cooler than in the rest of the country. The precipitations in this area are quite high, due to the mountains in the north and east which do not allow the air masses to pass beyond the region's limits, the average rainfall being almost 1000 mm/year.
The city of Baia Mare is the most populous of Northern Romanian cities (Satu Mare, Suceava
Suceava
Suceava is the Suceava County seat in Bukovina, Moldavia region, in north-eastern Romania. The city was the capital of the Principality of Moldavia from 1388 to 1565.-History:...
and Botoşani
Botosani
Botoșani is the capital city of Botoșani County, in northern Moldavia, Romania. Today, it is best known as the birthplace of many celebrated Romanians, including Mihai Eminescu and Nicolae Iorga.- Origin of the name :...
), with a population of approximately 149,735. It also has high a level of culture and education, being home to theatres, schools, museums and art galleries.
Not far from the city there are a few very important natural reservations, among them Creasta Cocoşului, Cheile Tătărului, Lacul Albastru etc.
Because of its privileged location in the Eastern Carpathian mountains it is considered one of the most picturesque cities in Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
.
Demographics
The municipality of Baia Mare had a total population of 137,921 in 2002, the majority being Romanians. The ethnic composition of the city is as follows:- RomanianRomaniansThe Romanians are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania....
: (79.81%) - Hungarian: (14.84%)
- Roma: (0.51%)
- GermanEthnic GermanEthnic Germans historically also ), also collectively referred to as the German diaspora, refers to people who are of German ethnicity. Many are not born in Europe or in the modern-day state of Germany or hold German citizenship...
:(0.36%) - UkrainianUkrainiansUkrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
: (0.25%) - Jews: (0.10%)
and 642 others, including Greeks
Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
, Turks
Turkish people
Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" , are an ethnic group primarily living in Turkey and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities had been established in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Romania...
, Italians, Lippovans, Poles
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
and Slovaks
Slovaks
The Slovaks, Slovak people, or Slovakians are a West Slavic people that primarily inhabit Slovakia and speak the Slovak language, which is closely related to the Czech language.Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia...
.
Before the Second World War, Baia Mare had a community of more than 1.000 Jews
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
, out of which only around 130 still live in the city, due to the deportation and extermination of the Jews
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
in the Holocaust by the occupying Hungarian regime. Along with Rădăuţi
Radauti
Rădăuţi is a municipality in Suceava County, Romania with a population of 27,759 inhabitants.-Geography and demographics:Rădăuţi is situated in Bucovina, northern Moldavia, on a plain between the Suceava and Suceviţa rivers, north from Suceava, at 375 m altitude...
, Gura Humorului
Gura Humorului
Gura Humorului is a town located in northern Romania, Suceava County in southern Bukovina. Until 1918 it was in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and formed a shtetl...
and others, Baia Mare was one of the country's shtetls. There is a synagogue
Synagogue
A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. This use of the Greek term synagogue originates in the Septuagint where it sometimes translates the Hebrew word for assembly, kahal...
dating from 1885.
Politics
The Baia Mare Municipal Council, elected in the 2008 local government electionsRomanian local election, 2008
Local elections were held in Romania on June 1, 2008, with a runoff for mayors on June 15, 2008.On June 1 where elected:* all the villages, communes, cities, and municipal cluncils , and the Sectors Local Councils of Bucharest...
.
| Party | Seats in 2004 Romanian local election, 2004 Local elections where held in Romania in late May 2004, and a runoff for mayors in early June 2004In late May where elected:* all the villages, communes, cities, and municipal cluncils , and the Sectors Local Councils of Bucharest... |
Seats in 2008 | Current Council | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Liberal Party National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
9 | 9 | ||||||||||
| Democratic Liberal Party Democratic Liberal Party (Romania) The Democratic Liberal Party is a populist, centre-right party in Romania. It was formed on 15 December 2007, when the Democratic Party merged with the Liberal Democratic Party. From 2004 to 2007, the Democratic Party was part of the governing Justice and Truth Alliance... |
5 | 6 | ||||||||||
| Social Democratic Party Social Democratic Party (Romania) The Social Democratic Party is the major social-democratic political party in Romania. It was formed in 1992, after the post-communist National Salvation Front broke apart. It adopted its present name after a merger with a minor social-democratic party in 2001. Since its formation, it has always... |
4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania The Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, is the main political organisation representing the ethnic Hungarians of Romania.... |
3 | 3 | ||||||||||
| Greater Romania Party Greater Romania Party The Greater Romania Party is a Romanian radical right-wing, ultra-nationalist political party, led by Corneliu Vadim Tudor. The party is sometimes referred to in English as the Great Romania Party.... |
2 | - |
Economy
The economic activity of Baia Mare has been based on the mining activities located in the surrounding areas. However, after the 1989 Revolution and industrial changes, such mining declined considerably. They have been replaced with several activities which have improved the city's economy in recent years. Baia Mare has become one of the most economically evolved cities in the region. As a result, several supermarkets have been built in the city and at least two shopping malls are due to open no later than December 2010. The largest sofa manufacturing plant in Eastern Europe, Italsofa, is located near the Baia Mare city highway ring.The road infrastructure within the city is changing to be able to better connect the city and absorb the traffic. An express road is to be built between Petea
Petea
Petea may refer to several villages in Romania:* Petea, a village in Pălatca Commune, Cluj County* Petea, a village in Band Commune, Mureş County* Petea, a village in Dorolţ Commune, Satu Mare County...
(at the border with Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
) and Baia Mare, a project for which the feasibility study has just completed. The express road will connect the cities of Baia Mare and Satu Mare to the Hungarian
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
motorway M3, and thus to the whole Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
an motorway network.
Sportsmen
- Tudor BalmoşTudor BalmosTudor Silviu Balmoş is a Romanian footballer currently under contract with CFR Cluj. Balmos is currently playing for CFR's second team, Unirea Dej, which compete in Romania's third tier, Liga III. He is a central offensive midfielder.Tudor Balmos is also a Romanian Under 19 international...
- Romulus BuiaRomulus BuiaRomulus Buia is a Romanian former football player, currently the manager of FC Maramureş Universitar Baia Mare. He was nicknamed "Figo from Berceni" by the fans of Rocar Bucharest which played the home games on a field in the Berceni Neighborhood in Bucharest, because of the similarities with the...
- Rodica DuncaRodica DuncaRodica Dunca Köszegi is a Romanian artistic gymnast who represented Romania at the 1980 Olympic Games. She is an Olympic silver medalist and a world gold medalist with the team. Individually she won a continental bronze medal on beam.-External links:*...
- Vasile GergelyVasile GergelyLászló Vasile Gergely is a Romanian former football player.-Career:Gergely played for CSM Baia Mare , Viitorul Bucharest , Dinamo Bucharest in Romania and Hertha BSC Germany, and Durban City in South AfricaHe played a total of 145 games in Divizia A, scoring seven goals and 35 games in Bundesliga...
- Ioan GherghelIoan GherghelIoan Gherghel is an Olympic butterfly swimmer from Romania. He swam for Romania at three consecutive Olympics: 2000, 2004 and 2008....
- Ákos KollerÁkos KollerÁkos Koller is a Romanian-born Hungarian football player who currently plays for Kecskeméti TE.-External links:*...
- Noemi LungNoemi LungNoemi Lung Zaharia is a former butterfly and medley swimmer from Romania, who won two medals at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea: the silver in the 400 m individual medley, and the bronze in the 200 m individual medley...
- Cristian BudCristian BudCristian Bud is a Romanian football striker who is currently playing for CFR Cluj.-Honours:* Liberty Salonta** Liga II Winner: 2005-06* CFR Cluj** Romanian First League - Winner...
- Cornel Burzo
- Vasile MiriuţăVasile MiriutaVasile Miriuţă is a Romanian-born Hungarian retired football player who played in Romania for FC Baia Mare, Dinamo Bucureşti and Gloria Bistriţa, in Hungary for Győri Rába ETO, Videoton FC Fehérvár, Ferencváros Budapest, Újpest FC and Budapest Honvéd FC, in France forFC Bourges and in Germany for...
- Bogdan PereşBogdan PeresIonuţ Bogdan Pereş is a retired Romanian football player, who last time played for FC Baia Mare as a striker....
- Daniel RednicDaniel RednicDaniel Rednic is a Romanian football player.-Career: 1994 - 1997 FC Baia Mare 45 games / 5 goals 1997 - 1998 Oţelul Galaţi 11/6 1998 - 1999 Dinamo Bucharest 35/7 1999 FC Argeş Piteşti 28/3...
- Daniel SabouDaniel SabouDaniel "Dănuţ" Sabou , is a Romanian football player, currently under contract with Gloria Bistriţa.-External links:*...
- Alexandru TerheşAlexandru TerhesAlexandru Terheş. . is a former football player, who currently works for FRF.He played for Minerul Cavnic, FC Baia Mare, Sportul Studenţesc Bucharest, FC Braşov and FC Bihor Oradea....
- Raluca UdroiuRaluca UdroiuRaluca Antonia Udroiu is an international freestyle swimmer from Romania, who represented her native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia...
- Ciprian VasilacheCiprian VasilacheCiprian Vasilache is a Romanian football midfielder who currently plays for the Romanian league side SC Vaslui. Vasilache debuted in Romanian first league playing for Gloria Bistriţa...
- Melinda GeigerMelinda GeigerMelinda Geiger is a Romanian handball player. She plays for the Romanian club CS Oltchim Râmnicu Vâlcea.- References :...
Others
- Augustin BuzuraAugustin BuzuraAugustin Buzura is a Romanian novelist and short story writer, also known as a journalist, essayist and literary critic. A member of the Romanian Academy, he has been the president of the Romanian Cultural Foundation since 1990 and president of the Romanian Cultural Institute between 2003 and...
- Romanian novelist - Gheorghe Pop de BăseştiGheorghe Pop de BasestiGheorghe Pop de Băseşti was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian politician. He was the vice-president and then the president of the Romanian National Party at a time when Transylvania was part of the Kingdom of Hungary inside Austria-Hungary.Born in the Transylvanian village of Băseşti , he...
- TransylvaniaTransylvaniaTransylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
n politician - Mstislav DobuzhinskyMstislav DobuzhinskyMstislav Valerianovich Dobuzhinsky or Dobujinsky was a Russian-Lithuanian artist noted for his cityscapes conveying the explosive growth and decay of the early twentieth-century city....
- LithuaniaLithuaniaLithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
n painter - Amrita Sher-GilAmrita Sher-GilAmrita Sher-Gil , was an eminent Indian painter, sometimes known as India's Frida Kahlo, and today considered an important woman painter of 20th century India, whose legacy stands at par with that of the Masters of Bengal Renaissance; she is also the 'most expensive' woman painter of India.-Early...
- IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n painter - János ThormaJános ThormaJános Thorma was a Hungarian painter. A representative figure of the Nagybánya artists' colony, his work progressed from naturalism, to historical subjects, to romantic realism to a Post-Impressionism of a style specific to Nagybánya .Born in Kiskunhalas, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary to the...
- HungarianHungaryHungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
painter - Mária FöldesMária FöldesMária Földes was a Jewish Romanian-Hungarian playwright. After surviving several concentration camps during 1944-1945 in World War II, including Auschwitz, she returned to Romania, where she studied drama and theater arts...
- Romanian born Jewish playwrightPlaywrightA playwright, also called a dramatist, is a person who writes plays.The term is not a variant spelling of "playwrite", but something quite distinct: the word wright is an archaic English term for a craftsman or builder... - Maricel VoineaMaricel VoineaMaricel Voinea is a Romanian team handball player and coach.Born in Galaţi, Voinea played for HC Minaur in Baia Mare , winning many domestic and international trophies, including the EHF Cup in 1985 and 1988...
- HandballTeam handballHandball is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each pass a ball to throw it into the goal of the other team...
player, OlympicOlympic GamesThe Olympic Games is a major international event featuring summer and winter sports, in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the world’s foremost sports competition where more than 200 nations participate...
medals winner
Twin towns — Sister cities
Baia Mare has signed town twinning agreements or partnership agreements with the following cities: SerinoSerino
Serino is a town and comune in the province of Avellino, Campania, Italy.Famous for its very clean water source, Serino is found 51 km from Naples, 21 km from Salerno, and 8 km from Avellino. Serino is also famous for its production of chestnuts....
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, since 2003 Nyíregyháza
Nyíregyháza
- Tourist sights :Nyíregyháza also has several museums and exhibitions, showing the city's rich cultural heritage.* Collection of the International Medallion Art and Small Sculpture Creative Community of Nyíregyháza-Sóstó – periodic exhibitions of works of contemporary artists-Twin towns — Sister...
, Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, since 2003 - partnership only Hódmezovásárhely
Hódmezovásárhely
Hódmezővásárhely , Romanian: Ioneşti) is a city in south-east Hungary, on the Great Hungarian Plain, at the meeting point of the Békés-Csanádi Ridge and the clay grassland surrounding the river Tisza...
, Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, since 2001 Bielsko-Biała
Bielsko-Biała
-Economy and Industry:Nowadays Bielsko-Biała is one of the best-developed parts of Poland. It was ranked 2nd best city for business in that country by Forbes. About 5% of people are unemployed . Bielsko-Biała is famous for its textile, machine-building, and especially automotive industry...
, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, since 2001 Hollywood
Hollywood, Florida
-Demographics:As of 2000, there were 59,673 households out of which 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.2% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of...
, USA, since 2001 Wels
Wels
Wels is the second largest city of the state of Upper Austria, located in the north of Austria, on the Traun River near Linz. It is not part of its surrounding Wels County , but a so-called Statutarstadt . However, Wels is the county seat of Wels-Land.- Geography :Wels is located in the...
, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, since 2000 Ivano-Frankivsk
Ivano-Frankivsk
Ivano-Frankivsk is a historic city located in the western Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast , and is designated as its own separate raion within the oblast, municipality....
, Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
, since 1990 Szolnok
Szolnok
Szolnok is the county seat of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county in central Hungary. Its location on the banks of the Tisza river, at the heart of the Great Hungarian Plain, has made it an important cultural and economic crossroads for centuries....
, Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, since 1990 Kitwe
Kitwe
Kitwe is the second largest city in terms of size and population in Zambia. With a population of 547,700 Kitwe is one of the most developed commercial and industrial areas in the nation, alongside Ndola and Lusaka...
, Zambia
Zambia
Zambia , officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west....
, since 1972 Combs-la-Ville
Combs-la-Ville
Combs-la-Ville is a commune in the south-eastern suburbs of Paris, in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France in north-central France...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, since 2009
Structures
- Chimney of Phoenix Copper SmelterPhoenix Copper SmelterThe Phoenix Copper Smelter, is a smelter of sulfurous copper ores in Baia Mare, Romania.Due to the toxic fumes causing acid rain, it has a chimney, built in 1995, making it the tallest artificial structure in Romania and the third tallest chimney in Europe....
, height: 351.5 metres, which is the tallest structure in Romania.
External links
- Official website
- Baia Mare on Placeopedia
- University of Baia Mare
- Photos of the city and its surroundings in the dedicated FlickrFlickrFlickr is an image hosting and video hosting website, web services suite, and online community that was created by Ludicorp in 2004 and acquired by Yahoo! in 2005. In addition to being a popular website for users to share and embed personal photographs, the service is widely used by bloggers to...
group