Bakal
Encyclopedia
Bakal is a town in Satkinsky District
of Chelyabinsk Oblast
, Russia
, located on the western slopes of the Ural Mountains
264 kilometres (164 mi) west from Chelyabinsk
, on the Chelyabinsk–Ufa
railroad branch. Population:
It was founded in 1757 as a settlement of serf
s resettled to man new Bakal iron ore mines owned by the association of Ivan and Yakov Tverdyshev and Ivan Myasnikov.
Town status was granted to Bakal on October 25, 1951.
The main enterprise is public company
"Bakal Mining Administration" (ОАО "Бакальское рудоуправление", commonly referred by its abbreviation, "БРУ"). The bureaucratic-style name is inherited from Soviet times.
During 1941-1943 a gulag
labor camp
existed in the area known as Bakal ITL ("Bakal Corrective Labor Camp"), Bakallag (Бакаллаг, abbr. for "Bakal camp") or Bakalstroy of NKVD
(Бакалстрой, abbr. for "Bakal construction"), with headquarters in Chelyabinsk. Main occupations: construction of a metallurgic, coke
, and other plants, logging
, mining
. Peak inmate count: about 4,200. In addition, Bakalstruy was manned by German
s (peak count: over 27,000 (January 1942)).
Satkinsky District
Satkinsky District is an administrative and municipal district , one of the 27 in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. Its administrative center is the rural locality of . Population: ; Population of accounts for % of the district's population....
of Chelyabinsk Oblast
Chelyabinsk Oblast
-External links:*...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, located on the western slopes of the Ural Mountains
Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains , or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan. Their eastern side is usually considered the natural boundary between Europe and Asia...
264 kilometres (164 mi) west from Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northwestern side of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River. Population: -History:...
, on the Chelyabinsk–Ufa
Ufa
-Demographics:Nationally, dominated by Russian , Bashkirs and Tatars . In addition, numerous are Ukrainians , Chuvash , Mari , Belarusians , Mordovians , Armenian , Germans , Jews , Azeris .-Government and administration:Local...
railroad branch. Population:
It was founded in 1757 as a settlement of serf
SERF
A spin exchange relaxation-free magnetometer is a type of magnetometer developed at Princeton University in the early 2000s. SERF magnetometers measure magnetic fields by using lasers to detect the interaction between alkali metal atoms in a vapor and the magnetic field.The name for the technique...
s resettled to man new Bakal iron ore mines owned by the association of Ivan and Yakov Tverdyshev and Ivan Myasnikov.
Town status was granted to Bakal on October 25, 1951.
The main enterprise is public company
Public company
This is not the same as a Government-owned corporation.A public company or publicly traded company is a limited liability company that offers its securities for sale to the general public, typically through a stock exchange, or through market makers operating in over the counter markets...
"Bakal Mining Administration" (ОАО "Бакальское рудоуправление", commonly referred by its abbreviation, "БРУ"). The bureaucratic-style name is inherited from Soviet times.
During 1941-1943 a gulag
Gulag
The Gulag was the government agency that administered the main Soviet forced labor camp systems. While the camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners, large numbers were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas and other instruments of...
labor camp
Labor camp
A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons...
existed in the area known as Bakal ITL ("Bakal Corrective Labor Camp"), Bakallag (Бакаллаг, abbr. for "Bakal camp") or Bakalstroy of NKVD
NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the Soviets, including political repression, during the era of Joseph Stalin....
(Бакалстрой, abbr. for "Bakal construction"), with headquarters in Chelyabinsk. Main occupations: construction of a metallurgic, coke
Coke (fuel)
Coke is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous. While coke can be formed naturally, the commonly used form is man-made.- History :...
, and other plants, logging
Logging
Logging is the cutting, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks.In forestry, the term logging is sometimes used in a narrow sense concerning the logistics of moving wood from the stump to somewhere outside the forest, usually a sawmill or a lumber yard...
, mining
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock...
. Peak inmate count: about 4,200. In addition, Bakalstruy was manned by German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
s (peak count: over 27,000 (January 1942)).