Balta, Ukraine
Encyclopedia
Balta is a small city
in the Odessa Oblast
(province
) of south-western Ukraine
. It is the administrative center
of the Baltsky Raion (district
), and located approximately 200 kilometers from the oblast capital, Odessa
. The town was founded in the 16th century.
The current estimated population is around 20,000.
According to the archaeological findings, the first settlements on this territory existed 5-6 thousand years ago.
In the 17th and 18th century, there were two separate towns located on the opposite banks of Kodyma River
. The first one was an Ottoman
frontier settlement and fortress named Balta. The second one was Polish
town of Józefgród (other variants of transliteration are Yuzefgrod and Yusefgrod) named after prince Józef Lubomirski
, the founder of the local fortress. The burning of the city by the Russian general Mikhail Krechetnikov
in pursuit of the Polish confederalists in March 1768 and the murdering of the mainly local Jewish population by the Cossack Haidamaka
s, formed one of the reasons for the start of the Russo–Turkish War, 1768–1774. Józefgród and Balta were joined in 1797, when this land became the territory of the Russian Empire
.
At 19th century Balta takes place as trade center of Odessa region, precisely because of this has built first in Ukraine railroad "Odessa-Balta"(has built at 1865).
In the 19th and early 20th century, the population of the town consisted of Jews
(55-82%, nowadays about 0.5-1%), Eastern Orthodox believers (15-25%, now 85-90%, including such ethnic groups as Russians
, Ukrainians
, and Moldavians
), Roman Catholics (Poles
, 4-9%), and Russian Old believers
(4-12%). Representatives of some of Protestant churches are also here. The town was well known as a market town. The junctions of the main roads from the South to the North and from the West to the East of Russia and Ukraine were here.
In 1924–1929 it was the capital of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic that was the part of Ukrainian SSR
and the Soviet Union
. After the formation of Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940 Balta became a district center in Ukraine.
For a short time between 1941 and 1944, Balta was the capital of Transnistria
(the land between Dnister and Bug
, under Romania
n administration). The city was the scene of relatively major combat operations in August 1941, which were chronicled in the U.S. Army document "Small Unit Actions During the German Campaign In Russia."
Currently, the city has furniture, brick, clothing factories, and food industry. Balta Teachers’ Training College and Vocational School are leading educational institutions. The city has a Museum of Local History and a Ukrainian Ethnographic Museum. Today Balta it is religion center of region "TAVRIA"(includes provinces, and cities:Odessa(province and sity), Kherson, Nikolaev, and Autonomical Republic of Krym. Theare, as others culture centers of Ukraine has serious with finans and reconstruction. If we may inlay some millions, but income may 10 million. The money it is global problem for this culture center(Balta religion assosiation has iudaizm, catolizcizm, pravoslavie(as Ukrainian, as Russian). There didn't people gives religion, religion gives people.
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
in the Odessa Oblast
Odessa Oblast
Odesa Oblast, also written as Odessa Oblast , is the southernmost and largest oblast of south-western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Odessa.-History:...
(province
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
) of south-western Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. It is the administrative center
Capital City
Capital City was a television show produced by Euston Films which focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman....
of the Baltsky Raion (district
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), and located approximately 200 kilometers from the oblast capital, Odessa
Odessa
Odessa or Odesa is the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 .The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement,...
. The town was founded in the 16th century.
The current estimated population is around 20,000.
History
In the 17th and 18th century, there were two separate towns located on the opposite banks of Kodyma River
Kodyma River
Kodyma is a right tributary of the Southern Buh river of Ukraine. Originating from springs in a boggy valley near the village of Budei , Kodymsky Raion, Odessa Oblast, it flows within the Odessa Oblast and Mykolaiv Oblast and joins Southern Buh about 199 km away from its mouth, near Pervomaisk,...
. The first one was an Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
frontier settlement and fortress named Balta. The second one was Polish
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
town of Józefgród (other variants of transliteration are Yuzefgrod and Yusefgrod) named after prince Józef Lubomirski
Lubomirski
Lubomirski family is a Polish szlachta family. The family used the "Szreniawa without a cross" arms and their motto was: Nil conscire sibi ....
, the founder of the local fortress. The burning of the city by the Russian general Mikhail Krechetnikov
Mikhail Krechetnikov
Michael N. Kretchetnikov was a Russian military commander and General of Infantry. He was the younger brother of Piotr Kretchetnikov.-Life:...
in pursuit of the Polish confederalists in March 1768 and the murdering of the mainly local Jewish population by the Cossack Haidamaka
Haidamaka
The haidamakas, also haidamaky or haidamaks , were paramilitary bands in 18th-century Ukraine. The haidamak movement was formed mostly of local Cossacks and peasantry , against the Polish nobility in right-bank Ukraine...
s, formed one of the reasons for the start of the Russo–Turkish War, 1768–1774. Józefgród and Balta were joined in 1797, when this land became the territory of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
.
At 19th century Balta takes place as trade center of Odessa region, precisely because of this has built first in Ukraine railroad "Odessa-Balta"(has built at 1865).
In the 19th and early 20th century, the population of the town consisted of Jews
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
(55-82%, nowadays about 0.5-1%), Eastern Orthodox believers (15-25%, now 85-90%, including such ethnic groups as Russians
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
, Ukrainians
Ukrainians
Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
, and Moldavians
Moldovans
Moldovans or Moldavians are the largest population group of Moldova...
), Roman Catholics (Poles
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
, 4-9%), and Russian Old believers
Old Believers
In the context of Russian Orthodox church history, the Old Believers separated after 1666 from the official Russian Orthodox Church as a protest against church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652–66...
(4-12%). Representatives of some of Protestant churches are also here. The town was well known as a market town. The junctions of the main roads from the South to the North and from the West to the East of Russia and Ukraine were here.
In 1924–1929 it was the capital of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic that was the part of Ukrainian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
and the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. After the formation of Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940 Balta became a district center in Ukraine.
For a short time between 1941 and 1944, Balta was the capital of Transnistria
Transnistria (World War II)
Transnistria Governorate was a Romanian administered territory, conquered by the Axis Powers from the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa, and occupied from 19 August 1941 to 29 January 1944...
(the land between Dnister and Bug
Southern Bug
The Southern Bug, also called Southern Buh), is a river located in Ukraine. The source of the river is in the west of Ukraine, in the Volyn-Podillia Upland, about 145 km from the Polish border, and flows southeasterly into the Bug Estuary through the southern steppes...
, under Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
n administration). The city was the scene of relatively major combat operations in August 1941, which were chronicled in the U.S. Army document "Small Unit Actions During the German Campaign In Russia."
Currently, the city has furniture, brick, clothing factories, and food industry. Balta Teachers’ Training College and Vocational School are leading educational institutions. The city has a Museum of Local History and a Ukrainian Ethnographic Museum. Today Balta it is religion center of region "TAVRIA"(includes provinces, and cities:Odessa(province and sity), Kherson, Nikolaev, and Autonomical Republic of Krym. Theare, as others culture centers of Ukraine has serious with finans and reconstruction. If we may inlay some millions, but income may 10 million. The money it is global problem for this culture center(Balta religion assosiation has iudaizm, catolizcizm, pravoslavie(as Ukrainian, as Russian). There didn't people gives religion, religion gives people.
People
- Yuly Aikhenvald (1872–1928), a Jewish Russian literary critic, born here into a rabbi's family
- Sholom (aka Shulem Shmil Isaakovich) Schwartzbard (Shvartsburd)Sholom SchwartzbardSholem Schwarzbard was a Bessarabian-born Jewish poet and anarchist, known primarily for the assassination of the Ukrainian nationalist leader Symon Petliura...
(1886, IzmailIzmailIzmail is a historic town near the Danube river in the Odessa Oblast of south-western Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Izmail Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast....
- 1938), a Bessarabian Jewish anarchist and Yiddish writer who assassinated Symon Petlyura, lived here - Zellig (Sabbettai) HarrisZellig HarrisZellig Sabbettai Harris was a renowned American linguist, mathematical syntactician, and methodologist of science. Originally a Semiticist, he is best known for his work in structural linguistics and discourse analysis and for the discovery of transformational structure in language...
(1909–1992), a Jewish American linguist, born here - Tzvi N. Harris, Jewish American immunologist, brother of Zellig Harris, born here
- Ио́сиф Ю́льевич Кара́кис (29 мая 1902, Балта — 23 февраля 1988, Киев) — советский архитектор, градостроитель, художник и педагог, один из самых плодовитых[6][7] киевских зодчих. Автор десятков памятников архитектуры, более двух тысяч школ[6][8] было построено по проектам автора в бывшем Советском Союзе, а всего по его проектам построено более четырёх тысяч зданий[6][7].
- Яков Натанович Бранденбургский (Яков Нутович Бранденбургский, 31 октября (12 ноября) 1881, Балта — 19 сентября 1951, Москва) — юрист, советский государственный и партийный деятель.
Places
Today the places of interest in the city are the Assumption Cathedral, built in 1830, the Fire Tower(1925), the one of oldest places is central area, built by prince Jusef Lyubomirskiy(polish magnat) at 1621. The main culture monuments are Balta Pedagogical University(in 1797 - palace, and catholic church), Music School(house of graf), "Pervaya" Secondary school(1849), clinic of the Imperial Philanthropic Society in Balta(14 September 1899), osobnyak wives(1752, now management of agriculture region), Old Believer monastery(now has reconstruction), Jewish Synagogue(now it is house)See also
- Yiddish theatreYiddish theatreYiddish theatre consists of plays written and performed primarily by Jews in Yiddish, the language of the Central European Ashkenazi Jewish community. The range of Yiddish theatre is broad: operetta, musical comedy, and satiric or nostalgic revues; melodrama; naturalist drama; expressionist and...
- Symon Petliura
- Transnistria (1941 - 1944)Transnistria (World War II)Transnistria Governorate was a Romanian administered territory, conquered by the Axis Powers from the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa, and occupied from 19 August 1941 to 29 January 1944...