Banovina of Macva
Encyclopedia
The Banovina of Mačva was a province (banovina) of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary
, which was located in the present-day Mačva
region of Serbia
.
n prince. Banovina was named after a town called Mačva (Macho), but the location of this settlement has not been clearly established in modern times. It is suspected that the town of Mačva existed a few kilometers down the river from modern Šabac
.
Banovina of Mačva was ruled by several powerful ban
s. In the 13th century, Béla of Mačva
(grandson of Hungarian king Bela IV and son of Rostislav Mikhailovich) ruled Banovina of Mačva as well as Usora and Soli (areas across Drina
river in today's northeastern Bosnia
).
Mačva soon become apple of discord between the Kingdom of Hungary
and the Kingdom of Serbia
. King Stephen Uroš I of Serbia tried to conquer Mačva in 1268, but was defeated and captured by the Hungarians. In 1284, Serbian king Stefan Dragutin, son of Uroš I, married Hungarian princess Catherine and received Mačva from Hungarian king Laszlo IV. Since the central power in the Kingdom of Hungary collapsed, Stefan Dragutin ruled an independent kingdom centered in Mačva, which also included regions of Usora and Soli
in northern Bosnia, as well as Belgrade
, Rudnik
and Braničevo
. This kingdom was known as the Kingdom of Syrmia (Srem) and Stefan Dragutin ruled it as king until his death in 1316.
Mačva remained in the hands of Dragutin's son Vladislav II until 1319. when northern part of the region along the river Sava was captured by Hungarian king Charles I
while the southern part remained firmly under Serbian administration. In the 14th century, the bans of the Gorjanski
family (Pavle Gorjanski, Nikola I Gorjanski of Mačva and his son Nikola II Gorjanski of Mačva) which were under the Hungarian suzerainty expanded their rule not only to Bosnia but also to Upper Syrmia and the last one also became the ban of Slavonia
and Croatia
, which were also parts of the Kingdom of Hungary at the time.
During the 14th century region changed hands between Serbian states and the Kingdom of Hungary, being mostly under Hungarian administration until the 1370s when it was finally captured by Serbian prince Lazar who in 1377-1378 donated several villages in Mačva to his newly founded monastery of Ravanica
. Lazars's son despot Stefan Lazarević
was officially granted with possession of Mačva by Hungarian king Sigismund
in 1403. This was the end of centennial dispute between two states and from then Mačva remained part of Serbian state
until this state was conquered by the Ottomans
in 1459. Hungarian bans of Mačva existed during this period as well but only as titular holders and the title of ban was usually granted to the ispans (counts) of southern counties of the Kingdom of Hungary and latter to the governors of Belgrade
. After the fall of the Serbian Despotate in 1459, Mačva came again under Hungarian administration, but was soon also conquered by the Ottomans.
and Orthodox
as shown in letter of pope Gregory IX from 1229, where pope ordered archbishop of Kalocsa
to convert Orthodox Slavs in Lower Syrmia to Roman rite
.
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
, which was located in the present-day Mačva
Macva
Mačva is a geographical region in Serbia, mostly situated in the northwest of Central Serbia. It is located in a fertile plain between the Sava and Drina rivers. The chief town of this region is Šabac. The modern Mačva District of Serbia is named after the region, although the region of Mačva...
region of Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
.
History
The region of Mačva came under Hungarian administration after the death of Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus in 1180. and it was first known as Lower Syrmia (Sirmia ulterior) region. The Banovina of Mačva was formed in 1247 by Hungarian king Bela IV who granted it to his son-in-law Rostislav Mikhailovich, a refugee RussiaRussia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n prince. Banovina was named after a town called Mačva (Macho), but the location of this settlement has not been clearly established in modern times. It is suspected that the town of Mačva existed a few kilometers down the river from modern Šabac
Šabac
Šabac is a city and municipality in western Serbia, along the Sava river, in the historic region of Mačva. It is the administrative center of the Mačva District. The city has a population of 52,822 , while population of the municipality is 115,347...
.
Banovina of Mačva was ruled by several powerful ban
Ban (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
s. In the 13th century, Béla of Mačva
Béla of Macva
Béla of Mačva was a member of the Rurik dynasty. He was Duke of Mačva and of Bosnia ; and thus he governed the southern provinces of the Kingdom of Hungary....
(grandson of Hungarian king Bela IV and son of Rostislav Mikhailovich) ruled Banovina of Mačva as well as Usora and Soli (areas across Drina
Drina
The Drina is a 346 kilometer long river, which forms most of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps which belongs to the Danube river watershed...
river in today's northeastern Bosnia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
).
Mačva soon become apple of discord between the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
and the Kingdom of Serbia
Kingdom of Serbia
The Kingdom of Serbia was created when Prince Milan Obrenović, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned King in 1882. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the Karađorđevic dynasty from 1817 onwards . The Principality, suzerain to the Porte, had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867, de...
. King Stephen Uroš I of Serbia tried to conquer Mačva in 1268, but was defeated and captured by the Hungarians. In 1284, Serbian king Stefan Dragutin, son of Uroš I, married Hungarian princess Catherine and received Mačva from Hungarian king Laszlo IV. Since the central power in the Kingdom of Hungary collapsed, Stefan Dragutin ruled an independent kingdom centered in Mačva, which also included regions of Usora and Soli
Soli
Soli can refer to:* Soli, Cyprus, an ancient city on the island of Cyprus.* Soli, Cilicia, an ancient city in Cilicia, later renamed Pompeiopolis.* Soli, a 10th century name for Tuzla, a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina....
in northern Bosnia, as well as Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
, Rudnik
Rudnik
Rudnik is a mountain in central Serbia, near the town of Gornji Milanovac. Its highest peak Cvijićev vrh, named after geologist and biologist Jovan Cvijić, has an altitude of 1132 meters above sea level...
and Braničevo
Branicevo
Braničevo can refer to:* Braničevo , a geographical region in Serbia.* Braničevo District, a district in Serbia.* Braničevo , a village in Serbia, in the Golubac municipality....
. This kingdom was known as the Kingdom of Syrmia (Srem) and Stefan Dragutin ruled it as king until his death in 1316.
Charles I of Hungary
Charles I , also known as Charles Robert , was the first King of Hungary and Croatia of the House of Anjou. He was also descended from the old Hungarian Árpád dynasty. His claim to the throne of Hungary was contested by several pretenders...
while the southern part remained firmly under Serbian administration. In the 14th century, the bans of the Gorjanski
Gorjanski
Garay or Garai were a Hungarian noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary, a branch of the Dorozsma clan, with notable members in the 14th and 15th centuries. They were lords of Csesznek.-Name and origin:...
family (Pavle Gorjanski, Nikola I Gorjanski of Mačva and his son Nikola II Gorjanski of Mačva) which were under the Hungarian suzerainty expanded their rule not only to Bosnia but also to Upper Syrmia and the last one also became the ban of Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
and Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
, which were also parts of the Kingdom of Hungary at the time.
During the 14th century region changed hands between Serbian states and the Kingdom of Hungary, being mostly under Hungarian administration until the 1370s when it was finally captured by Serbian prince Lazar who in 1377-1378 donated several villages in Mačva to his newly founded monastery of Ravanica
Ravanica
Ravanica can refer to:* Ravanica Monastery, a monastery in Pomoravlje District, Serbia* Vrdnik-Ravanica Monastery, a monastery in Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia* Ravanica, a river in Serbia...
. Lazars's son despot Stefan Lazarević
Stefan Lazarevic
Stefan Lazarević known also as Stevan the Tall was a Serbian Despot, ruler of the Serbian Despotate between 1389 and 1427. He was the son and heir to Prince Lazar, who died at the Battle of Kosovo against the Turks in 1389, and Princess Milica from the subordinate branch of the Nemanjić dynasty...
was officially granted with possession of Mačva by Hungarian king Sigismund
Sigismund
Sigismund is a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German sigu "victory" + munt "hand, protection". Tacitus Latinises it Segimundus...
in 1403. This was the end of centennial dispute between two states and from then Mačva remained part of Serbian state
Serbian Despotate
The Serbian Despotate was a Serbian state, the last to be conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Although the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 is generally considered the end of the medieval Serbian state, the Despotate, a successor of the Serbian Empire and Moravian Serbia survived for 70 more years,...
until this state was conquered by the Ottomans
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
in 1459. Hungarian bans of Mačva existed during this period as well but only as titular holders and the title of ban was usually granted to the ispans (counts) of southern counties of the Kingdom of Hungary and latter to the governors of Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
. After the fall of the Serbian Despotate in 1459, Mačva came again under Hungarian administration, but was soon also conquered by the Ottomans.
Administrative divisions
According to the Treaty of Tata in 1426 Mačva was divided into several districts:- Bitva (Bytthwa),
- Gornja and Donja Obna (Felsewatna and Alsowatna),
- Rađevina (Radio, Ragy),
- NepričavaNepričavaNepričava is a village situated in Lajkovac municipality in Serbia....
(Neprichow), - LjigLjigLjig is a town of 3,219 inhabitants in central Serbia. It is surrounded by a municipality of the same name, which has a total of 12,730 inhabitants.Ljig is an underdeveloped region of Serbia, surrounded by Mount Rajac and Mount Rudnik...
(Ligh), - Kolubara (Collubara),
- UbUb-Places:*Ub, Serbia, a town in Serbia*Ub , a river in Serbia*UB postcode area, in London, England*Ulan Bator, Mongolia-Organizations and businesses:*UltimateBet, an online poker site*Ungermann-Bass, a computer networking company in California...
(Ubmelek), - TamnavaTamnavaThe Tamnava is a river in western Serbia. It is 90 km long left tributary of the Kolubara River and also gives the name to the surrounding region of Tamnava.- Origin :...
(Tamlavamelek), - RabasRabasRabas is a village in the municipality of Valjevo, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 150 people....
, - Pepeljevac,
- DebrcDebrcDebrc is a former town, today a village, located in the Vladimirci municipality, in Mačva District of Serbia. In 2002, the population of the village was 875, of which 855 were ethnic Serbs. Debrc was a capital of medieval Kingdom of Syrmia ruled by Serb king Stefan Dragutin.-See also:*List of...
, - BeljinBeljinBeljin is a village in the municipality of Vladimirci, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 657 people....
, - Toplica and
- castle of Bela StenaBela StenaBela Stena is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Palilula....
near present day ValjevoValjevoValjevo is a city and municipality located in western Serbia. It is the center of the Kolubara District, which includes five other smaller municipalities with a total population of almost 180,000 people...
.
Population
The population of banate was mostly SerbSerbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
and Orthodox
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece,...
as shown in letter of pope Gregory IX from 1229, where pope ordered archbishop of Kalocsa
Kalocsa
Kalocsa is a town in Bács-Kiskun county, Hungary. It lies 88 miles south of Budapest. It is situated in a marshy but highly productive district, near the left bank of the Danube River. Historically it had greater political and economic importance than at present.Kalocsa is the Episcopal see...
to convert Orthodox Slavs in Lower Syrmia to Roman rite
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
.
List of bans
- Rostislav Mikhailovich, ban of Mačva, a refugee Russian prince.
- Béla of MačvaBéla of MacvaBéla of Mačva was a member of the Rurik dynasty. He was Duke of Mačva and of Bosnia ; and thus he governed the southern provinces of the Kingdom of Hungary....
, ban of Mačva, a son of Rostislav Mikhailovich and a grandson of Hungarian king Bela IV. - János Alsáni, ban of Mačva (-1360).
- Pál Alsáni, ban of Mačva.
- Pavle Gorjanski, ban of Mačva, 14th century.
- Nikola I Gorjanski of Mačva, ban of Mačva, 14th century.
- Ivan HorvatIvan HorvatIvan "Ivica" Horvat is a Croatian former professional football player and manager who played for Yugoslavia. Today he has a Croatian passport. In 2004, he received the Croatian Olympic Committee's Matija Ljubek Award....
, ban of Mačva, 14th century (1379-1387) - Nikola II Gorjanski of Mačva, ban of Mačva, since 1387.
- George I Lackfi, ban of Mačva (1392-1393).
- Ivan MorovićIván MorovicIván Eduardo Morović Fernández is a Chilean chess player and an International Grandmaster of Croatian origin. He often has been the best Latin American chess player....
, ban of Mačva (1397-?). - Dezsö Bánfi of Gara, ban of Mačva (-1440).
- Imre Héderváry, ban of Mačva (1442-1445).
- Mate Morović, ban of Mačva (circa 1475).
- Nikola Iločki, ban of Mačva.
