Bauchi State
Encyclopedia
Bauchi State is a State
in northern Nigeria
. Its capital is the city of Bauchi
. The state was formed in 1976 when the former North-Eastern State
was broken up. It originally included the area now in Gombe State
, which became a distinct state in 1996.
The Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
is located in the capital city Bauchi.
of Nigeria. According to the 2006 census, the state has a population of 4,653,066.
Bauchi state has gone through tremendous transformation over the years. During the colonial era up to independence, it formed part of the Bauchi-Plateau of the then Northern Region
, until the 1967 state creation exercise, when the Bauchi, Borno, and Adamawa provinces constituted the former North-Eastern State.
With the creation of Bauchi state in 1976, then comprising present Bauchi and Gombe states, it included 16 Local Government Areas. The number of Local Government Areas in the then Bauchi state was increased to 20 and later to 23. However, in 1997 when Gombe state was created out of Bauchi and additional local governments were created in the country, Bauchi state was left with 20 Local Government Areas as shown below.
Sharia law was adopted in June 2001.
. Longitudinally, the state lies between 8° 50' and 11° east of the Greenwich meridian.
The state is bordered by seven states, Kano
and Jigawa
to the north, Taraba
and Plateau
to the south, Gombe
and Yobe
to the east and Kaduna
to the west.
Bauchi state is one of the states in the northern part of Nigeria that span two distinctive vegetation zones, namely, the Sudan savannah
and the Sahel savannah
. The Sudan savannah type of vegetation covers the southern part of the state. Here, the vegetation gets richer and richer towards the south, especially along water sources or river
s, but generally the vegetation is less uniform and grasses are shorter than what grows even farther south, that is, in the forest zone of the middle belt.
The Sahel type of the savannah, which is also known as the semi-desert vegetation, becomes manifest from the middle of the state as one moves from the state's south to its north. This type of vegetation comprises isolated stands of thorny shrub
s.
On the other hand, the southwestern part of the state is mountain
ous as a result of the continuation of the Jos Plateau
, while the northern part is generally sand
y.
The vegetation types as described above are conditioned by the climatic
factors, which in turn determine the amount of rain
fall received in the area. For instance, the rainfall in Bauchi state ranges between 1300 mm per annum in the south and only 700 mm per annum in the extreme north. This pattern is because in the West Africa
sub-region, rains generally come from the south as they are carried by the southwesterlies. There is therefore a progressive dryness towards the north, culminating in the desert
condition in the far north. So also is the case in Bauchi state.
Consequently, rains start earlier in the southern part of the state, where rain is heaviest and lasts longer. Here the rains start in April with the highest record amount of 1300 mm per annum. In contrast, the northern part of the state receives the rains late, usually around June or July, and records the highest amount of 700 mm per annum.
In the same vein, the weather experienced in the south and the north varies considerably. While it is humidly
hot during the early part of the rainy season in the south, the hot, dry and dusty weather lingers up north.
In addition to rainfall, Bauchi state is watered by a number of rivers. They include the Gongola
and Jama'are
rivers.
The Gongola River crosses Bauchi state in Tafawa Balewa Local Government Area in the south and in Kirfi
and Alkaleri
Local Government Areas in the eastern part of the state, while the Jama’are River cuts across a number of Local Government Areas in the northern part of the state. Moreover, a substantial part of the Hadeja-Jama'are River basin lies in Bauchi state, which along with various fadama (floodplain) areas in the state provides suitable land for agricultural
activities. These are further supported by the number of dam
s meant for irrigation
and other purposes. These include the Gubi and Tilde-Fulani dams. There also lakes such as the Maladumba Lake in Misau
Local Government Area that further provide the necessary conditions to support agriculture.
, Fulani
, Gerawa, Sayawa, Jarawa
, Bolewa, Karekare
, Kanuri, Fa'awa, Butawa, Warjawa, Zulawa, and Badawa are the main tribes. This means that they have backgrounds, occupational patterns, beliefs and many other things that form part of the existence of the people of the state.
There are cultural similarities in the people's language
, occupational practices, festival
s, dress
and there is a high degree of ethnic interaction especially in marriage
and economic existence. Some of the ethnic groups have joking relationship
s that exist between them, e.g. Fulani and Kanuri, Jarawa and Sayawa, etc.
the word Bauchi means the land of slaves. Bauchi and Adamawa
were the two main sources of slaves for the Fulani empire of Sokoto.
States of Nigeria
Nigeria is currently divided into 36 states and Abuja, the federal capital territory. The states are further divided into 774 Local Government Areas....
in northern Nigeria
Nigeria
Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
. Its capital is the city of Bauchi
Bauchi
Bauchi is a city in northeast Nigeria, the capital of Bauchi State, of the Bauchi Local Government Area within that State, and of the traditional Bauchi Emirate. The city has a population of 316,173...
. The state was formed in 1976 when the former North-Eastern State
North-Eastern State
North-Eastern State is a former administrative division of Nigeria. It was created on 27 May 1967 from parts of the Northern Region. It's capital was the city of Maiduguri.On 3 February 1976 it was divided into three states - Bauchi, Borno, and Gongola...
was broken up. It originally included the area now in Gombe State
Gombe State
Gombe State, located in the northeastern part of Nigeria, is one of the country's 36 states; its capital is Gombe. The boundaries of the state roughly correspond to those of the Gombe Emirate,a traditional state.[2]...
, which became a distinct state in 1996.
The Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University , is a federal university of technology located in Bauchi, northern Nigeria. The university is named after the first Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. The motto of the university is DOCTRINA MATTER ARTIUM, which...
is located in the capital city Bauchi.
History
What is now known as Bauchi was until 1976 a province in the then North-Eastern StateNorth-Eastern State
North-Eastern State is a former administrative division of Nigeria. It was created on 27 May 1967 from parts of the Northern Region. It's capital was the city of Maiduguri.On 3 February 1976 it was divided into three states - Bauchi, Borno, and Gongola...
of Nigeria. According to the 2006 census, the state has a population of 4,653,066.
Bauchi state has gone through tremendous transformation over the years. During the colonial era up to independence, it formed part of the Bauchi-Plateau of the then Northern Region
Northern Region, Nigeria
The Northern Region was one of Nigeria's federal divisions. It was created before independence in 1960, with its capital at Kaduna. In 1962 it acquired the territory of the British Northern Cameroons, who had voted to become part of Nigeria....
, until the 1967 state creation exercise, when the Bauchi, Borno, and Adamawa provinces constituted the former North-Eastern State.
With the creation of Bauchi state in 1976, then comprising present Bauchi and Gombe states, it included 16 Local Government Areas. The number of Local Government Areas in the then Bauchi state was increased to 20 and later to 23. However, in 1997 when Gombe state was created out of Bauchi and additional local governments were created in the country, Bauchi state was left with 20 Local Government Areas as shown below.
Sharia law was adopted in June 2001.
Local government areas
Bauchi State is divided into 20 Local Government Areas (LGAs). They are:| LGA | Area (km2) | Census 2006 population |
Administrative capital | Postal code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bauchi Bauchi Bauchi is a city in northeast Nigeria, the capital of Bauchi State, of the Bauchi Local Government Area within that State, and of the traditional Bauchi Emirate. The city has a population of 316,173... |
3,687 | 493,810 | Bauchi Bauchi Bauchi is a city in northeast Nigeria, the capital of Bauchi State, of the Bauchi Local Government Area within that State, and of the traditional Bauchi Emirate. The city has a population of 316,173... |
740 |
| Tafawa Balewa Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria Tafawa Balewa is a local government area in the Southern part of Bauchi State in northern Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Tafawa Balewa. The area is known for religious conflicts over the years. The major ethnic group is the Seyawa tribe.... |
2,515 | 219,988 | Tafawa Balewa Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria Tafawa Balewa is a local government area in the Southern part of Bauchi State in northern Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Tafawa Balewa. The area is known for religious conflicts over the years. The major ethnic group is the Seyawa tribe.... |
740 |
| Dass Dass, Nigeria Dass is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Dass.It has an area of 535 km² and a population of 89,943 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 740.... |
535 | 89,943 | Dass Dass, Nigeria Dass is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Dass.It has an area of 535 km² and a population of 89,943 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 740.... |
740 |
| Toro Toro, Nigeria Toro is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Toro.It has an area of 6,932² and a population of 350,404 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 740.... |
6,932 | 350,404 | Toro Toro, Nigeria Toro is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Toro.It has an area of 6,932² and a population of 350,404 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 740.... |
740 |
| Bogoro Bogoro Bogoro is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bogoro.It has an area of 894 km² and a population of 84,215 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 741.... |
894 | 84,215 | Bogoro Bogoro Bogoro is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bogoro.It has an area of 894 km² and a population of 84,215 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 741.... |
741 |
| Ningi Ningi, Nigeria Ningi is a town, a local government area, and an emirate in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The Ningi emirate comprises two local government areas, Ningi and Warji, with a combined area of 5,250 km2 and a population of 501,912 according to the 2006 Census. The Ningi local government area covers an area of... |
4,625 | 387,192 | Ningi Ningi, Nigeria Ningi is a town, a local government area, and an emirate in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The Ningi emirate comprises two local government areas, Ningi and Warji, with a combined area of 5,250 km2 and a population of 501,912 according to the 2006 Census. The Ningi local government area covers an area of... |
742 |
| Warji Warji Warji is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Warji.It has an area of 625 km² and a population of 114,720 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 742.... |
625 | 114,720 | Warji Warji Warji is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Warji.It has an area of 625 km² and a population of 114,720 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 742.... |
742 |
| Ganjuwa Ganjuwa Ganjuwa is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Kafin Madaki.It has an area of 5,059 km² and a population of 280,468 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 742.... |
5,059 | 280,468 | Kafin Madaki Kafin Madaki Kafin Madaki is the headquarter of Ganjuwa Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria.It is a small town of about 20,000 people some 45 km north of Bauchi.... |
742 |
| Kirfi Kirfi Kirfi is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria bordering Gombe State in the east. Its headquarters are in the town of Kirfi... |
2,371 | 147,618 | Kirfi Kirfi Kirfi is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria bordering Gombe State in the east. Its headquarters are in the town of Kirfi... |
743 |
| Alkaleri Alkaleri Alkaleri is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Alkaleri on the A345 highway in the north of the area at.The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude passes through the LGA.... |
5,918 | 329,424 | Alkaleri Alkaleri Alkaleri is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Alkaleri on the A345 highway in the north of the area at.The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude passes through the LGA.... |
743 |
| Southern region totals | 33,161 | 2,497,782 | ||
| Darazo Darazo Darazo is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Darazo.It has an area of 3,015 km² and a population of 251,597 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 750.... |
3,015 | 251,597 | Darazo Darazo Darazo is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Darazo.It has an area of 3,015 km² and a population of 251,597 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 750.... |
750 |
| Misau Misau Misau is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Misau.It has an area of 1,226 km² and a population of 263,487 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 750.... |
1,226 | 263,487 | Misau Misau Misau is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Misau.It has an area of 1,226 km² and a population of 263,487 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 750.... |
750 |
| Giade Giade Giade is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Giade.It has an area of 668 km² and a population of 156,969 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 750.... |
668 | 156,969 | Giade Giade Giade is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Giade.It has an area of 668 km² and a population of 156,969 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 750.... |
750 |
| Shira Shira, Nigeria Shira is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Yana.It has an area of 1,321 km² and a population of 234,014 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 750.... |
1,321 | 234,014 | Yana | 750 |
| Jama'are Jama'are Jama'are is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Jama'are.It has an area of 493 km² and a population of 117,883 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 751.... |
493 | 117,883 | Jama'are Jama'are Jama'are is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Jama'are.It has an area of 493 km² and a population of 117,883 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 751.... |
751 |
| Katagum Katagum Katagum is a town, a local government area and a traditional emirate in Bauchi State of northern Nigeria. The town is located on the northern bank of the Jama'are River, which is a tributary of the Hadejia. Most of the inhabitants are Muslim, along with people from the Fulani, Kanuri, Hausa,... |
1,436 | 295,970 | Azare Azare -Geography:Azare is located at , at an elevation of 436 meters.It the largest of several nearby towns in the region including Jama'are,Misau,Bulkachuwa. Disina, Faggo, [Zadawa]], and Madara. Azare is home to the Federal Medical Centre, Azare, Federal Government College Azare and College of... |
751 |
| Itas/Gadau Itas/Gadau Itas/Gadau is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Itas Itesiwaju. The town of Gadau is in the east of the area at .It has an area of 1,398 km² and a population of 229,996 at the 2006 census.... |
1,398 | 229,996 | Itas | 751 |
| Zaki Zaki, Nigeria Zaki is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Katagum.It has an area of 1,436 km² and a population of 191,457 at the 2006 census.... |
1,476 | 191,457 | Katagum Katagum Katagum is a town, a local government area and a traditional emirate in Bauchi State of northern Nigeria. The town is located on the northern bank of the Jama'are River, which is a tributary of the Hadejia. Most of the inhabitants are Muslim, along with people from the Fulani, Kanuri, Hausa,... |
752 |
| Gamawa Gamawa Gamawa is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria, bordering Yobe State in the east. Its headquarters are in the town of Gamawa.It has an area of 2,925 km² and a population of 286,388 at the 2006 census.... |
2,925 | 286,388 | Gamawa Gamawa Gamawa is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria, bordering Yobe State in the east. Its headquarters are in the town of Gamawa.It has an area of 2,925 km² and a population of 286,388 at the 2006 census.... |
752 |
| Damban Damban Damban is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Damban.It has an area of 1,077 km² and a population of 150,922 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 751.... |
1,077 | 150,922 | Damban Damban Damban is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Damban.It has an area of 1,077 km² and a population of 150,922 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 751.... |
752 |
| Northern region totals | 15,035 | 2,178,683 |
Geography
Bauchi state occupies a total land area of 49,119 km² representing about 5.3% of Nigeria’s total land mass and is located between latitudes 9° 3' and 12° 3' north of the equatorEquator
An equator is the intersection of a sphere's surface with the plane perpendicular to the sphere's axis of rotation and containing the sphere's center of mass....
. Longitudinally, the state lies between 8° 50' and 11° east of the Greenwich meridian.
The state is bordered by seven states, Kano
Kano State
Kano State is a state located in North-Western Nigeria. Created on May 27, 1967 from part of the Northern Region, Kano state borders Katsina State to the north-west, Jigawa State to the north-east, Bauchi State to the south-east and Kaduna State to the south-west...
and Jigawa
Jigawa State
-Location:Jigawa State is one of thirty-six states that constitute Federal Republic of Nigeria. It is situated in the north-western part of the country between latitudes 11.00oN to 13.00oN and longitudes 8.00oE to 10.15oE. Kano State and Katsina State border Jigawa to the west, Bauchi State to the...
to the north, Taraba
Taraba State
Taraba State is a state of Nigeria, named after the Taraba River which traverses the southern part of the state. Taraba's capital is Jalingo.-History:...
and Plateau
Plateau State
Plateau State is the twelfth largest state of Nigeria, and is roughly located in the center of the country. It is geographically unique in Nigeria because its boundaries totally surround the Jos Plateau, having the Jos Plateau totally in its central and northern part...
to the south, Gombe
Gombe State
Gombe State, located in the northeastern part of Nigeria, is one of the country's 36 states; its capital is Gombe. The boundaries of the state roughly correspond to those of the Gombe Emirate,a traditional state.[2]...
and Yobe
Yobe State
Yobe State is a state located in Northern Nigeria. A mainly agricultural state, it was created on August 27, 1991. Yobe state was carved out of present-day Borno State. The capital of Yobe state is Damaturu.-Geography:...
to the east and Kaduna
Kaduna State
-History:The state is the successor to the old Northern Region of Nigeria, which had its capital at Kaduna. In 1967 this was split up into six states, one of which was the North-Central State, whose name was changed to Kaduna State in 1976. This was further divided in 1987, losing the area now part...
to the west.
Bauchi state is one of the states in the northern part of Nigeria that span two distinctive vegetation zones, namely, the Sudan savannah
Sudan (region)
The Sudan is the name given to a geographic region to the south of the Sahara, stretching from Western to Eastern Africa. The name derives from the Arabic bilâd as-sûdân or "land of the Blacks"...
and the Sahel savannah
Sahel
The Sahel is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition between the Sahara desert in the North and the Sudanian Savannas in the south.It stretches across the North African continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea....
. The Sudan savannah type of vegetation covers the southern part of the state. Here, the vegetation gets richer and richer towards the south, especially along water sources or river
River
A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water. Small rivers may also be called by several other names, including...
s, but generally the vegetation is less uniform and grasses are shorter than what grows even farther south, that is, in the forest zone of the middle belt.
The Sahel type of the savannah, which is also known as the semi-desert vegetation, becomes manifest from the middle of the state as one moves from the state's south to its north. This type of vegetation comprises isolated stands of thorny shrub
Shrub
A shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
s.
On the other hand, the southwestern part of the state is mountain
Mountain
Image:Himalaya_annotated.jpg|thumb|right|The Himalayan mountain range with Mount Everestrect 58 14 160 49 Chomo Lonzorect 200 28 335 52 Makalurect 378 24 566 45 Mount Everestrect 188 581 920 656 Tibetan Plateaurect 250 406 340 427 Rong River...
ous as a result of the continuation of the Jos Plateau
Jos Plateau
The Jos Plateau is a plateau located near the center of Nigeria. It covers 8600 km² and is bounded by 300-600 meter escarpments around much of its circumference. With an average altitude of 1280 metres and its highest point is Shere Hills 1829 meters...
, while the northern part is generally sand
Sand
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.The composition of sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal...
y.
The vegetation types as described above are conditioned by the climatic
Climate
Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elemental measurements in a given region over long periods...
factors, which in turn determine the amount of rain
Rain
Rain is liquid precipitation, as opposed to non-liquid kinds of precipitation such as snow, hail and sleet. Rain requires the presence of a thick layer of the atmosphere to have temperatures above the melting point of water near and above the Earth's surface...
fall received in the area. For instance, the rainfall in Bauchi state ranges between 1300 mm per annum in the south and only 700 mm per annum in the extreme north. This pattern is because in the West Africa
West Africa
West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. Geopolitically, the UN definition of Western Africa includes the following 16 countries and an area of approximately 5 million square km:-Flags of West Africa:...
sub-region, rains generally come from the south as they are carried by the southwesterlies. There is therefore a progressive dryness towards the north, culminating in the desert
Desert
A desert is a landscape or region that receives an extremely low amount of precipitation, less than enough to support growth of most plants. Most deserts have an average annual precipitation of less than...
condition in the far north. So also is the case in Bauchi state.
Consequently, rains start earlier in the southern part of the state, where rain is heaviest and lasts longer. Here the rains start in April with the highest record amount of 1300 mm per annum. In contrast, the northern part of the state receives the rains late, usually around June or July, and records the highest amount of 700 mm per annum.
In the same vein, the weather experienced in the south and the north varies considerably. While it is humidly
Humidity
Humidity is a term for the amount of water vapor in the air, and can refer to any one of several measurements of humidity. Formally, humid air is not "moist air" but a mixture of water vapor and other constituents of air, and humidity is defined in terms of the water content of this mixture,...
hot during the early part of the rainy season in the south, the hot, dry and dusty weather lingers up north.
In addition to rainfall, Bauchi state is watered by a number of rivers. They include the Gongola
Gongola River
The Gongola River is in northeastern Nigeria, the principal tributary of the Benue River.The upper course of the river as well as most of its tributaries are seasonal streams, but fill rapidly in August and September....
and Jama'are
Jama'are River
The Jama'are River, also known as the Bunga River in its upper reaches, starts in the highlands near Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria and flows northeast through Bauchi State and Yobe State before joining the Hadejia River to form the Yobe River...
rivers.
The Gongola River crosses Bauchi state in Tafawa Balewa Local Government Area in the south and in Kirfi
Kirfi
Kirfi is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria bordering Gombe State in the east. Its headquarters are in the town of Kirfi...
and Alkaleri
Alkaleri
Alkaleri is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Alkaleri on the A345 highway in the north of the area at.The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude passes through the LGA....
Local Government Areas in the eastern part of the state, while the Jama’are River cuts across a number of Local Government Areas in the northern part of the state. Moreover, a substantial part of the Hadeja-Jama'are River basin lies in Bauchi state, which along with various fadama (floodplain) areas in the state provides suitable land for agricultural
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
activities. These are further supported by the number of dam
Dam
A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. Hydropower and pumped-storage hydroelectricity are...
s meant for irrigation
Irrigation
Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
and other purposes. These include the Gubi and Tilde-Fulani dams. There also lakes such as the Maladumba Lake in Misau
Misau
Misau is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Misau.It has an area of 1,226 km² and a population of 263,487 at the 2006 census.The postal code of the area is 750....
Local Government Area that further provide the necessary conditions to support agriculture.
Population
Bauchi State has a total of 55 tribal groups in which HausaHausa people
The Hausa are one of the largest ethnic groups in West Africa. They are a Sahelian people chiefly located in northern Nigeria and southeastern Niger, but having significant numbers living in regions of Cameroon, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Chad and Sudan...
, Fulani
Fula people
Fula people or Fulani or Fulbe are an ethnic group spread over many countries, predominantly in West Africa, but found also in Central Africa and Sudanese North Africa...
, Gerawa, Sayawa, Jarawa
Jarawa
Jarawa may refer to:* Jarawa people , one of the indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands; also their language* Jarawa , a Berber tribal confederacy that flourished in northwest Africa during the seventh century CE....
, Bolewa, Karekare
Karekare
Karekare has two distinct meanings:*Karekare, New Zealand is a coastal settlement nestled in Auckland's Waitakere Ranges*Karekare language is a language of Nigeriaalso:*Kare-kare, a Filipino cuisine...
, Kanuri, Fa'awa, Butawa, Warjawa, Zulawa, and Badawa are the main tribes. This means that they have backgrounds, occupational patterns, beliefs and many other things that form part of the existence of the people of the state.
There are cultural similarities in the people's language
Language
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication...
, occupational practices, festival
Festival
A festival or gala is an event, usually and ordinarily staged by a local community, which centers on and celebrates some unique aspect of that community and the Festival....
s, dress
Clothing
Clothing refers to any covering for the human body that is worn. The wearing of clothing is exclusively a human characteristic and is a feature of nearly all human societies...
and there is a high degree of ethnic interaction especially in marriage
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
and economic existence. Some of the ethnic groups have joking relationship
Joking relationship
A joking relationship is a term applied by anthropologists to the institutionalised form of interaction between certain pairs of people in some societies. Analysed by British social anthropologist Alfred Radcliffe-Brown in 1940, it describes a kind of ritualised banter that takes place, for example...
s that exist between them, e.g. Fulani and Kanuri, Jarawa and Sayawa, etc.
Name
In HausaHausa language
Hausa is the Chadic language with the largest number of speakers, spoken as a first language by about 25 million people, and as a second language by about 18 million more, an approximate total of 43 million people...
the word Bauchi means the land of slaves. Bauchi and Adamawa
Adamawa Emirate
The Adamawa Emirate is a traditional state located in Fumbina, what is now the Adamawa State, Nigeria, and previously also in the three northern provinces of Cameroon . It was founded by Modibo Adama, a commander of Sheikh Usman dan Fodio, the man who began the Fulani jihad in 1809...
were the two main sources of slaves for the Fulani empire of Sokoto.