Katagum
Encyclopedia
Katagum is a town, a local government area and a traditional emirate in Bauchi State
of northern Nigeria
. The town is located on the northern bank of the Jama'are River
, which is a tributary of the Hadejia
. Most of the inhabitants are Muslim
, along with people from the Fulani
, Kanuri, Hausa
, Mangawa, Bede, Karekare
, Ngizim
, Shirawa, or Teshenawa tribes. Chief agricultures include peanuts
(groundnuts), sorghum
, millet
, rice
(especially in the riverine fadamas, or "floodplains"), cowpea
s, cotton
, indigo
, and gum arabic
. Livestock include cattle
, goat
s, sheep, and donkeys.
Local Government Area (LGA). The Katagum LGA is a completely separate and distinct LGA south of the Zaki LGA, from which it is separated by the Itas/Gadau
LGA; the Katagum LGA thus does not include the town of the same name; it has an area of 1,436 sq.km and a population of 295,970 at the 2006 Census; its administrative centre is Azare
, and its postcode is 752.
. In 1812, he destroyed the capital of the Kanem-Bornu Empire
, Ngazargamu
, 115 mi. E.N.E. of Katagum, and was named king of Bornu by the leader of the jihad, Usama dan Fodio. After his victory, Malam Zaki returned to the area and founded Katagum in 1814. A decade later, when the Scottish
explorers Hugh Clapperton
and Walter Oudney
visited Katagum, they found it had two surrounding walls, each 20 ft. in height with a 10 ft. base and four gates. There was also a community mosque, and trade was accomplished using cowrie shells for currency. Oudney died in Katagum that same year, 1824, and was buried at Murmur
, a settlement to the south.
During the mid-to-late 1820s, Bornu recaptured most of the area from the Fulani, forcing the Katagum community to evacuate in 1826. Later that year, their Kanuri tribal warriors, were defeated 90 mi. W.S.W. at Fake
by a joint coalition led by Yakubu
, the king of Bauchi
, and Dan Kauwa, Katagum's chieftain (amir), with an emirate to the south. Returned to Fulani control, the Katagum emirate was prosperous until the 1850s, when wars with Amir Buhari of nearby Hadejia
diminished them greatly.
In 1903, after the fall of Kano
city (130 mi. W.) to the British
, it became part of Katagum Province, which was then made a division of Kano Province in 1905. In 1916, the seat was transferred to Azare
(43 mi south-southwest). A decade later, the emirate was merged into Bauchi Province.
Bauchi State
Bauchi State is a State in northern Nigeria. Its capital is the city of Bauchi. The state was formed in 1976 when the former North-Eastern State was broken up...
of northern Nigeria
Nigeria
Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
. The town is located on the northern bank of the Jama'are River
Jama'are River
The Jama'are River, also known as the Bunga River in its upper reaches, starts in the highlands near Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria and flows northeast through Bauchi State and Yobe State before joining the Hadejia River to form the Yobe River...
, which is a tributary of the Hadejia
Hadejia River
The Hadejia River is a river in northern Nigeria and is a tributary of the Yobe River .Among the cities and towns that lie on or near its banks are Hadejia and Nguru....
. Most of the inhabitants are Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
, along with people from the Fulani
Fula people
Fula people or Fulani or Fulbe are an ethnic group spread over many countries, predominantly in West Africa, but found also in Central Africa and Sudanese North Africa...
, Kanuri, Hausa
Hausa people
The Hausa are one of the largest ethnic groups in West Africa. They are a Sahelian people chiefly located in northern Nigeria and southeastern Niger, but having significant numbers living in regions of Cameroon, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Chad and Sudan...
, Mangawa, Bede, Karekare
Karekare
Karekare has two distinct meanings:*Karekare, New Zealand is a coastal settlement nestled in Auckland's Waitakere Ranges*Karekare language is a language of Nigeriaalso:*Kare-kare, a Filipino cuisine...
, Ngizim
Ngizim
The Ngizim people live in Yobe State, northeastern Nigeria. As of 1993, there were an estimated 80,000 Ngizim. The Ngizim live in the area to the east and south of Potiskum, the largest city in Yobe State, as well as in Potiskum, which was originally an Ngizim town...
, Shirawa, or Teshenawa tribes. Chief agricultures include peanuts
Peanuts
Peanuts is a syndicated daily and Sunday American comic strip written and illustrated by Charles M. Schulz, which ran from October 2, 1950, to February 13, 2000, continuing in reruns afterward...
(groundnuts), sorghum
Sorghum
Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, one of which is raised for grain and many of which are used as fodder plants either cultivated or as part of pasture. The plants are cultivated in warmer climates worldwide. Species are native to tropical and subtropical regions of all continents...
, millet
Millet
The millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops or grains, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. They do not form a taxonomic group, but rather a functional or agronomic one. Their essential similarities are that they are small-seeded grasses grown in difficult...
, rice
Rice
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
(especially in the riverine fadamas, or "floodplains"), cowpea
Cowpea
The Cowpea is one of several species of the widely cultivated genus Vigna. Four cultivated subspecies are recognised:*Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica Catjang...
s, cotton
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
, indigo
Indigo
Indigo is a color named after the purple dye derived from the plant Indigofera tinctoria and related species. The color is placed on the electromagnetic spectrum between about 420 and 450 nm in wavelength, placing it between blue and violet...
, and gum arabic
Gum arabic
220px|thumb|right|Acacia gumGum arabic, also known as acacia gum, chaar gund, char goond, or meska, is a natural gum made of hardened sap taken from two species of the acacia tree; Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal...
. Livestock include cattle
Cattle
Cattle are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius...
, goat
Goat
The domestic goat is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the Bovidae family and is closely related to the sheep as both are in the goat-antelope subfamily Caprinae. There are over three hundred distinct breeds of...
s, sheep, and donkeys.
Local Government Area
The town of Katagum is the administrative centre of ZakiZaki, Nigeria
Zaki is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Katagum.It has an area of 1,436 km² and a population of 191,457 at the 2006 census....
Local Government Area (LGA). The Katagum LGA is a completely separate and distinct LGA south of the Zaki LGA, from which it is separated by the Itas/Gadau
Itas/Gadau
Itas/Gadau is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Itas Itesiwaju. The town of Gadau is in the east of the area at .It has an area of 1,398 km² and a population of 229,996 at the 2006 census....
LGA; the Katagum LGA thus does not include the town of the same name; it has an area of 1,436 sq.km and a population of 295,970 at the 2006 Census; its administrative centre is Azare
Azare
-Geography:Azare is located at , at an elevation of 436 meters.It the largest of several nearby towns in the region including Jama'are,Misau,Bulkachuwa. Disina, Faggo, [Zadawa]], and Madara. Azare is home to the Federal Medical Centre, Azare, Federal Government College Azare and College of...
, and its postcode is 752.
History
Originally the seat of an emirate founded around 1807 by Ibrahim Zakiyul Kalbi (aka Malam Zaki), a soldier in the Fulani jihadJihad
Jihad , an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād translates as a noun meaning "struggle". Jihad appears 41 times in the Quran and frequently in the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of God ". A person engaged in jihad is called a mujahid; the plural is...
. In 1812, he destroyed the capital of the Kanem-Bornu Empire
Kanem-Bornu Empire
The Kanem-Bornu Empire existed in modern Chad and Nigeria. It was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 9th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900. At its height it encompassed an area covering not only much of Chad, but also parts of...
, Ngazargamu
Ngazargamu
Gazargamo was the capital of the Bornu Empire from ca. 1460 to 1809. Situated 150 km west of Lake Chad in the Yobe State of modern Nigeria the impressive remains of the town are still visible. The surrounding wall is 6.6 km long and in parts it is still up to 5 m. high...
, 115 mi. E.N.E. of Katagum, and was named king of Bornu by the leader of the jihad, Usama dan Fodio. After his victory, Malam Zaki returned to the area and founded Katagum in 1814. A decade later, when the Scottish
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
explorers Hugh Clapperton
Hugh Clapperton
Hugh Clapperton was a Scottish traveller and explorer of West and Central Africa.He was born in Annan, Dumfriesshire, where his father was a surgeon. He gained some knowledge of practical mathematics and navigation, and at thirteen was apprenticed on board a vessel which traded between Liverpool...
and Walter Oudney
Walter Oudney
Walter Oudney was a Scottish physician and African explorer.In 1817 he received his medical doctorate at Edinburgh. A few years afterwards he was appointed by the British government as consul for promotion of trade to the Kingdom of Bornu in sub-Saharan Africa...
visited Katagum, they found it had two surrounding walls, each 20 ft. in height with a 10 ft. base and four gates. There was also a community mosque, and trade was accomplished using cowrie shells for currency. Oudney died in Katagum that same year, 1824, and was buried at Murmur
Murmur
Murmur usually means:*Murmur , a soft-sounded and quiet utterance/talking "under your breath" so it is hard to understand what the speaker is saying*Breathy voice, a type of phonation in speechIt can also refer to:-Medical:...
, a settlement to the south.
During the mid-to-late 1820s, Bornu recaptured most of the area from the Fulani, forcing the Katagum community to evacuate in 1826. Later that year, their Kanuri tribal warriors, were defeated 90 mi. W.S.W. at Fake
Fake
Fake means not real.Fake may also refer to:In music:* Fake , a Swedish synthpop band active in the 1980s*Fake?, a Japanese rock band* Fake , 2010 song by Ai featuring Namie Amuro...
by a joint coalition led by Yakubu
Yakubu
Yakubu was ruler of the Hausa city-state of Gobir from 1795 to 1801. Succeeding Bawa, Yakubu waged a number of military campaigns. His reign is also noted for a deterioration of relations between the Hausa elite of Gobir and Fulani Islamic reformer Usman dan Fodio, who would soon oppose them in...
, the king of Bauchi
Bauchi
Bauchi is a city in northeast Nigeria, the capital of Bauchi State, of the Bauchi Local Government Area within that State, and of the traditional Bauchi Emirate. The city has a population of 316,173...
, and Dan Kauwa, Katagum's chieftain (amir), with an emirate to the south. Returned to Fulani control, the Katagum emirate was prosperous until the 1850s, when wars with Amir Buhari of nearby Hadejia
Hadejia
Hadejia is a Hausa town in eastern Jigawa State, northern Nigeria. The population was approximately 47,400 . The people of Hadejia are largely Muslim, although some follow indigenous belief systems...
diminished them greatly.
In 1903, after the fall of Kano
Kano
Kano is a city in Nigeria and the capital of Kano State in Northern Nigeria. Its metropolitan population is the second largest in Nigeria after Lagos. The Kano Urban area covers 137 sq.km and comprises six Local Government Area - Kano Municipal, Fagge, Dala, Gwale, Tarauni and Nassarawa - with a...
city (130 mi. W.) to the British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, it became part of Katagum Province, which was then made a division of Kano Province in 1905. In 1916, the seat was transferred to Azare
Azare
-Geography:Azare is located at , at an elevation of 436 meters.It the largest of several nearby towns in the region including Jama'are,Misau,Bulkachuwa. Disina, Faggo, [Zadawa]], and Madara. Azare is home to the Federal Medical Centre, Azare, Federal Government College Azare and College of...
(43 mi south-southwest). A decade later, the emirate was merged into Bauchi Province.