Bogdan Bogdanović
Encyclopedia
Bogdan Bogdanović was a Serbian architect
, urbanist and essayist. He taught architecture
at the University of Belgrade
, where he also served as dean. Bogdanović wrote numerous articles about urbanism
, especially about its mythic and symbolic aspects, some of which appeared in international journals such as El País, Svenska Dagbladet
, Die Zeit
, and others. He was also involved in politics, as a partisan in World War II
, later as mayor of Belgrade
. When Slobodan Milošević
rose to power and nationalism
gained ground in Yugoslavia, Bogdanović became a dissident
.
His main works are monuments built in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
. In particular, the monumental concrete sculpture in Jasenovac
gained international attention.
s. His father Milan was a literary critic, president of the Union of Writers and director of the National Theatre
. Beginning in 1940, Bogdan studied architecture at the University of Belgrade. He participated in World War II ("a bit" in his words) as a partisan, becoming a member of the Communist Party, and was seriously wounded in eastern Bosnia. Despite his injuries, he continued his academic career with his graduation (1950), as a teaching assistant at the department for urbanism (from 1953), later docent
(1960), extraordinary professor and president of the Yugoslavian Union of Architects (1964), dean of the faculty of architecture and corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
(1970), and full professor (1973). In 1981 he left the Academy, and he was conferred emeritus
status in 1987.
Being an ardent leftist, Bogdanović opposed the increasing nationalism among the state leaders. Nonetheless, he became mayor of Belgrade in 1982 on the initiative of Ivan Stambolić
, who was Chairman of the League of Communists of Serbia
at the time. He stayed in office for one term, until 1986. During this time, he organised an international competition for the complete rebuilding of New Belgrade. All submissions to this competition have disappeared.
After his term of office, he was appointed by Milošević as a member of the Central Committee
of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
. He accepted under the condition that he would not attend the meetings because he "had more important things to do". In the following year he sent Milošević an anti-nationalist letter of over 60 pages, containing a Stalino-dictionary satirising the recipient's nationalist diction, and the famous lamentation for Serbia on the theme of "Serbia is tired" (of its leaders). The Central Committee replied, "You can send the letter, in which you criticise the work of the eighth meeting and which has not reached us, to the Central Committee if you consider it necessary". The letter, in combination with other remarks about Milošević, lead to attempts of breaking into Bogdanović's apartment, threats of lynching, and his exclusion from the Central Committee. These aggressions, however, did not prevent him from renewing his anti-nationalist statements when the Yugoslav wars
started at the beginning of the 1990s, once more arousing violent attacks and a campaign by the state media.
In 1993 Bogdanović went into exile
to Paris
with his wife Ksenija. The Yugoslavian emigrant circle there had strong nationalistic tendencies, which led the couple to move on to Vienna
following an invitation of his friend Milo Dor
. Bogdanović died in a hospital in Vienna on 18 June 2010, following a heart attack.
at the university, but the party forced him to abdicate before he could put his plans into practice.
In 1976 he began to teach in an abandoned village school in Mali Popović
near Belgrade to realise an alternative project, namely his "village school for the philosophy of architecture". The course was called Symbolic forms in allusion to Ernst Cassirer
, had no fixed timetable and employed the invention of new writing system
s, the interpretation of non-existent texts, as well as methods akin to free association
and gematria
. 14 years later, when henchmen of Milošević raided the school in the aftermath of Bogdanović's letter, much of the collected material – the documentation of the lessons, drawings, audio- and videotapes, optical devices – was destroyed.
. It is influenced by Romanticism
and Victorian architecture
, surrealism
, metaphysics
, Jewish symbolism and Kabbalah
. Bogdanović has opposed the architectural theories of Adolf Loos
developed in the essay Ornament and Crime
, and argued for the "semantic dignity of the ornamental sign".
strongly influenced his further work. From then on until 1981, he was assigned by Josip Broz Tito
to devise more than 20 monuments and memorial places against fascism and militarism, which were erected in all republics of Yugoslavia. To work as cenotaph
s for all victims of fascism, regardless of nationality and religion, they lack any symbols of communism or other ideologies. Instead, they rely on archaic, mythological forms, sharply contrasting with the principles of Socialist realism
. This contrast also served Tito's wish to emphasise his country's independence from the Soviet Union
.
All of the memorials are built of stone, shaped by local untrained chisellers whom Bogdanović preferred to ones with formal education, who were inflexible in his opinion. The notable exception, the Jasenovac monument
, consists of prestressed concrete
, the formwork
for which was constructed by shipwrights. Somewhat incongruously, it is known as the Flower of Stone.
Examples of these monuments are:
near Belgrade, finished in 1953. The houses are mostly built of stone; and with their surrealistic, old-fashioned style, heavily framed windows and oversized chimneys, they are deliberately set apart from the unimaginative architecture of Tito's Yugoslavia.
Other settlements were planned in great detail, but never really intended to be built. Among those is a town in northern Montenegro
, designed for local clients, and a mythological "town at the bottom of the lake (Biograd)" which Bogdanović designed for his own pleasure.
(Smederevo
, 1961) and Adonis
' altar (Labin
, 1974).
Books and essays in Serbo-Croatian
include: }} }} }} }} }}
Six of his books were published in German
by Zsolnay
and Wieser. One of these is Der verdammte Baumeister. Erinnerungen [The doomed architect. Recollections], a collection of essays translated into German by Milo Dor.
which was established in 1987 and a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Architecture (from 1994), a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts (from 1998), and a member of the Collegium Europaeum Jenense (University of Jena; from 2000). In 2002 he was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina
.
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
, urbanist and essayist. He taught architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
at the University of Belgrade
University of Belgrade
The University of Belgrade is the oldest and largest university of Serbia.Founded in 1808 as the Belgrade Higher School in revolutionary Serbia, by 1838 it merged with the Kragujevac-based departments into a single university...
, where he also served as dean. Bogdanović wrote numerous articles about urbanism
Urbanism
Broadly, urbanism is a focus on cities and urban areas, their geography, economies, politics, social characteristics, as well as the effects on, and caused by, the built environment.-Philosophy:...
, especially about its mythic and symbolic aspects, some of which appeared in international journals such as El País, Svenska Dagbladet
Svenska Dagbladet
Svenska Dagbladet is a daily newspaper in Sweden. The first issue appeared on 18 December 1884. Svenska Dagbladet is published in Stockholm and provides coverage of national and international news as well as local coverage of the Greater Stockholm region...
, Die Zeit
Die Zeit
Die Zeit is a German nationwide weekly newspaper that is highly respected for its quality journalism.With a circulation of 488,036 and an estimated readership of slightly above 2 million, it is the most widely read German weekly newspaper...
, and others. He was also involved in politics, as a partisan in World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, later as mayor of Belgrade
Mayor of Belgrade
The Mayor of Belgrade is the head of the City of Belgrade . He acts on behalf of the City, and performs an executive function in the City of Belgrade. The position of the Belgrade mayor is important as the city is the most important hub of economics, culture and science in Serbia...
. When Slobodan Milošević
Slobodan Milošević
Slobodan Milošević was President of Serbia and Yugoslavia. He served as the President of Socialist Republic of Serbia and Republic of Serbia from 1989 until 1997 in three terms and as President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 to 2000...
rose to power and nationalism
Nationalism
Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what...
gained ground in Yugoslavia, Bogdanović became a dissident
Dissident
A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution. When dissidents unite for a common cause they often effect a dissident movement....
.
His main works are monuments built in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
. In particular, the monumental concrete sculpture in Jasenovac
Jasenovac
Jasenovac is a village and a municipality in Croatian Slavonia, in the southern part of the Sisak-Moslavina county at the confluence of the river Una into Sava.The name means "ash tree" or "ash forest" in Croatian, the area being ringed by such a forest....
gained international attention.
Life
Bogdanović was born into a family of leftist intellectualIntellectual
An intellectual is a person who uses intelligence and critical or analytical reasoning in either a professional or a personal capacity.- Terminology and endeavours :"Intellectual" can denote four types of persons:...
s. His father Milan was a literary critic, president of the Union of Writers and director of the National Theatre
Serbian National Theatre
The Serbian National Theatre , located in Novi Sad, is one of the major theatres of Serbia...
. Beginning in 1940, Bogdan studied architecture at the University of Belgrade. He participated in World War II ("a bit" in his words) as a partisan, becoming a member of the Communist Party, and was seriously wounded in eastern Bosnia. Despite his injuries, he continued his academic career with his graduation (1950), as a teaching assistant at the department for urbanism (from 1953), later docent
Docent
Docent is a title at some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks below professor . Docent is also used at some universities generically for a person who has the right to teach...
(1960), extraordinary professor and president of the Yugoslavian Union of Architects (1964), dean of the faculty of architecture and corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts is the most prominent academic institution in Serbia today...
(1970), and full professor (1973). In 1981 he left the Academy, and he was conferred emeritus
Emeritus
Emeritus is a post-positive adjective that is used to designate a retired professor, bishop, or other professional or as a title. The female equivalent emerita is also sometimes used.-History:...
status in 1987.
Being an ardent leftist, Bogdanović opposed the increasing nationalism among the state leaders. Nonetheless, he became mayor of Belgrade in 1982 on the initiative of Ivan Stambolić
Ivan Stambolic
Ivan Stambolić was a Communist Party of Yugoslavia official and the President of the Republic of Serbia in the 1980s who was later victim of an assassination....
, who was Chairman of the League of Communists of Serbia
League of Communists of Serbia
The League of Communists of Serbia was the Serbian branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the sole legal party of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1990. Under a new constitution ratified in 1974, greater power was devolved to the various republic level branches. In the late 1980s, the party was...
at the time. He stayed in office for one term, until 1986. During this time, he organised an international competition for the complete rebuilding of New Belgrade. All submissions to this competition have disappeared.
After his term of office, he was appointed by Milošević as a member of the Central Committee
Central Committee
Central Committee was the common designation of a standing administrative body of communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, whether ruling or non-ruling in the twentieth century and of the surviving, mostly Trotskyist, states in the early twenty first. In such party organizations the...
of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
League of Communists of Yugoslavia , before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Jugoslavije/Савез комуниста Југославије, Slovene: Zveza komunistov Jugoslavije, Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na...
. He accepted under the condition that he would not attend the meetings because he "had more important things to do". In the following year he sent Milošević an anti-nationalist letter of over 60 pages, containing a Stalino-dictionary satirising the recipient's nationalist diction, and the famous lamentation for Serbia on the theme of "Serbia is tired" (of its leaders). The Central Committee replied, "You can send the letter, in which you criticise the work of the eighth meeting and which has not reached us, to the Central Committee if you consider it necessary". The letter, in combination with other remarks about Milošević, lead to attempts of breaking into Bogdanović's apartment, threats of lynching, and his exclusion from the Central Committee. These aggressions, however, did not prevent him from renewing his anti-nationalist statements when the Yugoslav wars
Yugoslav wars
The Yugoslav Wars were a series of wars, fought throughout the former Yugoslavia between 1991 and 1995. The wars were complex: characterized by bitter ethnic conflicts among the peoples of the former Yugoslavia, mostly between Serbs on the one side and Croats and Bosniaks on the other; but also...
started at the beginning of the 1990s, once more arousing violent attacks and a campaign by the state media.
In 1993 Bogdanović went into exile
Exile
Exile means to be away from one's home , while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return...
to Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
with his wife Ksenija. The Yugoslavian emigrant circle there had strong nationalistic tendencies, which led the couple to move on to Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
following an invitation of his friend Milo Dor
Milo Dor
Milo Dor was a writer and translator. He described himself as "an Austrian, Viennese, and European of Serbian heritage."- Life :...
. Bogdanović died in a hospital in Vienna on 18 June 2010, following a heart attack.
Teaching
At the University of Belgrade, Bogdanović held the lecture course The development of housing schemes (later called History of town), starting in 1962. As professor and dean, he tried to reform the teaching of architecture and introduce grassroots democracyGrassroots democracy
Grassroots democracy is a tendency towards designing political processes where as much decision-making authority as practical is shifted to the organization's lowest geographic level of organization: principle of subsidiarity....
at the university, but the party forced him to abdicate before he could put his plans into practice.
In 1976 he began to teach in an abandoned village school in Mali Popović
Mali Popović
Mali Popović is a village in the municipality of Jagodina, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 445 people.The architect Bogdan Bogdanović held a lecture course in an abandoned school in Mali Popović from 1976 to 1990....
near Belgrade to realise an alternative project, namely his "village school for the philosophy of architecture". The course was called Symbolic forms in allusion to Ernst Cassirer
Ernst Cassirer
Ernst Cassirer was a German philosopher. He was one of the major figures in the development of philosophical idealism in the first half of the 20th century...
, had no fixed timetable and employed the invention of new writing system
Writing system
A writing system is a symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in language.-General properties:Writing systems are distinguished from other possible symbolic communication systems in that the reader must usually understand something of the associated spoken language to...
s, the interpretation of non-existent texts, as well as methods akin to free association
Free association (psychology)
Free association is a technique used in psychoanalysis which was originally devised by Sigmund Freud out of the hypnotic method of his mentor and coworker, Josef Breuer....
and gematria
Gematria
Gematria or gimatria is a system of assigning numerical value to a word or phrase, in the belief that words or phrases with identical numerical values bear some relation to each other, or bear some relation to the number itself as it may apply to a person's age, the calendar year, or the like...
. 14 years later, when henchmen of Milošević raided the school in the aftermath of Bogdanović's letter, much of the collected material – the documentation of the lessons, drawings, audio- and videotapes, optical devices – was destroyed.
Works
The architectonic and literary work of Bogdanović is characterised by an abundance of ornamentsOrnament (architecture)
In architecture and decorative art, ornament is a decoration used to embellish parts of a building or object. Large figurative elements such as monumental sculpture and their equivalents in decorative art are excluded from the term; most ornament does not include human figures, and if present they...
. It is influenced by Romanticism
Romanticism
Romanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution...
and Victorian architecture
Victorian architecture
The term Victorian architecture refers collectively to several architectural styles employed predominantly during the middle and late 19th century. The period that it indicates may slightly overlap the actual reign, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901, of Queen Victoria. This represents the British and...
, surrealism
Surrealism
Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members....
, metaphysics
Metaphysics
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world, although the term is not easily defined. Traditionally, metaphysics attempts to answer two basic questions in the broadest possible terms:...
, Jewish symbolism and Kabbalah
Kabbalah
Kabbalah/Kabala is a discipline and school of thought concerned with the esoteric aspect of Rabbinic Judaism. It was systematized in 11th-13th century Hachmei Provence and Spain, and again after the Expulsion from Spain, in 16th century Ottoman Palestine...
. Bogdanović has opposed the architectural theories of Adolf Loos
Adolf Loos
Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos was a Moravian-born Austro-Hungarian architect. He was influential in European Modern architecture, and in his essay Ornament and Crime he repudiated the florid style of the Vienna Secession, the Austrian version of Art Nouveau...
developed in the essay Ornament and Crime
Ornament and Crime
Ornament and Crime is an essay written in 1908 by the influential and self-consciously "modern" Austrian architect Adolf Loos under the German title Ornament und Verbrechen...
, and argued for the "semantic dignity of the ornamental sign".
Memorials
In 1951 Bogdan Bogdanović won a competition for the design of a memorial to the Jewish victims of fascism, to be built on the Sephardic cemetery in Belgrade. Although not religious himself, this contact with Jewish esotericismEsotericism
Esotericism or Esoterism signifies the holding of esoteric opinions or beliefs, that is, ideas preserved or understood by a small group or those specially initiated, or of rare or unusual interest. The term derives from the Greek , a compound of : "within", thus "pertaining to the more inward",...
strongly influenced his further work. From then on until 1981, he was assigned by Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz Tito
Marshal Josip Broz Tito – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad, viewed as a unifying symbol for the nations of the Yugoslav federation...
to devise more than 20 monuments and memorial places against fascism and militarism, which were erected in all republics of Yugoslavia. To work as cenotaph
Cenotaph
A cenotaph is an "empty tomb" or a monument erected in honour of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been interred elsewhere. The word derives from the Greek κενοτάφιον = kenotaphion...
s for all victims of fascism, regardless of nationality and religion, they lack any symbols of communism or other ideologies. Instead, they rely on archaic, mythological forms, sharply contrasting with the principles of Socialist realism
Socialist realism
Socialist realism is a style of realistic art which was developed in the Soviet Union and became a dominant style in other communist countries. Socialist realism is a teleologically-oriented style having its purpose the furtherance of the goals of socialism and communism...
. This contrast also served Tito's wish to emphasise his country's independence from the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
.
All of the memorials are built of stone, shaped by local untrained chisellers whom Bogdanović preferred to ones with formal education, who were inflexible in his opinion. The notable exception, the Jasenovac monument
Jasenovac monument
Jasenovac monument is a monument devoted to the victims of Ustasha genocide during World War II in Jasenovac. Designed by Bogdan Bogdanović and unveiled in 1966, it serves as a reminder of the atrocities perpetrated in the Jasenovac concentration camp....
, consists of prestressed concrete
Prestressed concrete
Prestressed concrete is a method for overcoming concrete's natural weakness in tension. It can be used to produce beams, floors or bridges with a longer span than is practical with ordinary reinforced concrete...
, the formwork
Formwork
Formwork is the term given to either temporary or permanent molds into which concrete or similar materials are poured. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering moulds.-Formwork and concrete form types:...
for which was constructed by shipwrights. Somewhat incongruously, it is known as the Flower of Stone.
Examples of these monuments are:
- Memorial to the Jewish victims of fascism, Belgrade, Sephardic cemetery, 1952
- Memorial grave to the victims of fascism, Sremska MitrovicaSremska MitrovicaSremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia, on the left bank of the Sava river. As of 2002 the town had a total population of 39,041, while Sremska Mitrovica municipality had a population of 85,605...
, 1960 - Group cenotaph to the fallen soldiers of the resistance, PrilepPrilepPrilep is the fourth largest city in the Republic of Macedonia. It has a population of 66,246 citizens. Prilep is known as "the city under Marko's Towers" because of its proximity to the towers of Prince Marko.-Name:...
, 1961 - Symbolical necropolis, Slobodište (near KruševacKruševacKruševac is a city and municipality, and the administrative center of the Rasina District, in central Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the municipality has a population of 127,429, while the town has 57,627....
), 1965 - Partisan monumentPartisan cemetery in MostarPartisans' Memorial Cemetery in Mostar was built in 1965 to honor the Yugoslav Partisans of Mostar who were killed in the National Liberation Front. The Partisans' Memorial Cemetery on Bijeli Brijeg displays all the features of a complex architectural, aesthetic and landscape design...
, MostarMostarMostar is a city and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the largest and one of the most important cities in the Herzegovina region and the center of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation. Mostar is situated on the Neretva river and is the fifth-largest city in the country...
, 1965 - Jasenovac monument, JasenovacJasenovacJasenovac is a village and a municipality in Croatian Slavonia, in the southern part of the Sisak-Moslavina county at the confluence of the river Una into Sava.The name means "ash tree" or "ash forest" in Croatian, the area being ringed by such a forest....
, 1966 - Memorial cemetery, LeskovacLeskovacLeskovac is a city and municipality in southern Serbia. It is the administrative center of the Jablanica District of Serbia...
, 1971 - Group cenotaph, Bela CrkvaBela Crkva (Vojvodina)Bela Crkva is a town and municipality in the South Banat District of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 10,638, while the Bela Crkva municipality has 20,275 inhabitants....
, 1971 - Memorial to the fallen soldiers in all wars of liberation, KnjaževacKnjaževacKnjaževac is a town and municipality situated in the eastern part of Serbia bordering the Republic of Bulgaria and is part of Timočka Krajina region. It is found between the latitudes of 43°20' and 43°45' north and between the longitudes 22°11' and 22°41' east. The town is situated between three...
, 1971 - Shrine dedicated to the Serb and Albanian partisans in the 1941–1945 war, Kosovska MitrovicaKosovska MitrovicaKosovska Mitrovica , is a city and municipality in northern Kosovo. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous district....
, 1973 - War grave, ŠtipŠtipŠtip is the largest urban agglomeration in the eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia, serving as the economic, industrial, entertainment and educational focal point for the surrounding municipalities. As of the 2002 census, the Štip municipality alone had a population of about 47,796...
, 1974 - Group cenotaph of victims, TravnikTravnikTravnik is a city and municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, 90 km west of Sarajevo. It is the capital of the Central Bosnia Canton, and is located in the Travnik Municipality. Travnik today has some 27,000 residents, with a metro population that is probably close to 70,000 people...
, 1975 - Shrine to the fallen freedom fighters, VlasotinceVlasotinceVlasotince is town and municipality in south-east Serbia. The municipality has 29,669 inhabitants, while the town itself has a population of 15,830 .-History:...
, 1975 - Freedom monument, BeraneBeraneBerane , formerly Ivangrad, is a town in north-eastern Montenegro. It has a population of 11,776 .Berane is the centre of municipality and one of the centres of Polimlje area, named after the Lim River, on which Berane is situated.-History:During the medieval period the Montenegrin land of Berane...
, 1977 - Dudik memorial park, VukovarVukovarVukovar is a city in eastern Croatia, and the biggest river port in Croatia located at the confluence of the Vuka river and the Danube. Vukovar is the center of the Vukovar-Syrmia County...
, 1980 - Memorial area with mausoleum for the warriors, ČačakCacakČačak is a city in central Serbia. It is the administrative center of the Moravica District of Serbia. Čačak is also the main industrial, cultural and sport center of the district...
, 1980 - Garavice memorial park and with cenotaph dedicated to the 12,000 civil Nazi victims, BihaćBihacBihać is a city and municipality on the river Una in the north-western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Bosanska Krajina region. Bihać is located in the Una-Sana Canton in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-History:...
, 1981 - Mausoleum dedicated to the first who died in the anti-Fascist uprisings, PopinaPopina (Trstenik)Popina is a village in the municipality of Trstenik, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 384 people....
(near Vrnjačka BanjaVrnjacka BanjaVrnjačka Banja is a town, municipality, and a resort, mineral spa located in Raška District of Serbia. It contains the world's only hot spring with a temperature measuring exactly that of the human body ....
), 1981
Settlements
Bogdanović refused to participate in the planning of national housing estates which looked like "coffins of concrete" to him and had "only two types of windows". Consequently, he built only a single settlement: a housing estate for the hydrotechnical institute "Jaroslav Černi" at the foot of the mountain AvalaAvala
Avala is a mountain in Serbia, overlooking Belgrade. It is situated in the south-eastern corner of the city and provides a great panoramic view to Belgrade, Vojvodina and Šumadija, as the surrounding area on all sides is mostly a lowlands...
near Belgrade, finished in 1953. The houses are mostly built of stone; and with their surrealistic, old-fashioned style, heavily framed windows and oversized chimneys, they are deliberately set apart from the unimaginative architecture of Tito's Yugoslavia.
Other settlements were planned in great detail, but never really intended to be built. Among those is a town in northern Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
, designed for local clients, and a mythological "town at the bottom of the lake (Biograd)" which Bogdanović designed for his own pleasure.
Other works of architecture
Other works of architecture include the reconstruction of the villa of Queen NatalijaNatalija Obrenovic
Natalie Keşco was Princess consort of the Principality of Serbia from 1875 to 1882 and the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Serbia from 23 March 1882 to 6 March 1889 as the wife of King Milan Obrenović IV.-Early life and royal marriage:She was born in 1859 in Florence as the first child of the...
(Smederevo
Smederevo
Smederevo is a city and municipality in Serbia, on the right bank of the Danube, about 40 km downstream of the capital Belgrade. According to official results of the 2011 census, the city has a population of 107,528...
, 1961) and Adonis
Adonis
Adonis , in Greek mythology, the god of beauty and desire, is a figure with Northwest Semitic antecedents, where he is a central figure in various mystery religions. The Greek , Adōnis is a variation of the Semitic word Adonai, "lord", which is also one of the names used to refer to God in the Old...
' altar (Labin
Labin
Labin is a town in Istria, Croatia, with a town population of 6,884 and 11,703 in the greater municipality ....
, 1974).
Literature
Of the essays written by Bogdanović, the following is available in English: }}Books and essays in Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian language
Serbo-Croatian or Serbo-Croat, less commonly Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian , is a South Slavic language with multiple standards and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro...
include: }} }} }} }} }}
Six of his books were published in German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
by Zsolnay
Paul Zsolnay Verlag
-Overview:The company was created in 1923 by Paul Zsolnay. It was the most successful publishing company during the interregnum period, publishing authors such as John Galsworthy, H.G. Wells, Pearl S. Buck, A.J...
and Wieser. One of these is Der verdammte Baumeister. Erinnerungen [The doomed architect. Recollections], a collection of essays translated into German by Milo Dor.
Memberships
Bogdanović was a founder member of the International Academy of ArchitectureInternational Academy of Architecture
The International Academy of Architecture - a non-profit-making company for performing activities for private benefit is a non-governmental and non-profit organization with special status in the United Nations Economic and Social Council , located in Sofia, Bulgaria. The Bulgarian name is also...
which was established in 1987 and a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Architecture (from 1994), a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts (from 1998), and a member of the Collegium Europaeum Jenense (University of Jena; from 2000). In 2002 he was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the national academy of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-History:...
.
Awards
Awards and prizes include:- October Prize of the City of Belgrade (for the memorial in Sremska Mitrovica, 1961)
- Menção honrosa ("honorable mention" at the São Paulo Art BiennialSão Paulo Art BiennialThe São Paulo Art Biennial was founded in 1951 and has been held every two years since. It is the second oldest art biennial in the world after the Venice Biennial , which serves as its role model....
, 1973) - Seventh of July Prize (1979)
- Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia Prize (1981)
- Piranesi Prize (1989)
- Herder PrizeHerder PrizeThe Herder Prize, established in 1963 and named for Johann Gottfried von Herder, was a prestigious international prize dedicated to the promotion of scientific, art and literature relations, and presented to scholars and artists from Central and Southeastern Europe whose life and work have improved...
(1997) - Austrian Cross of Honor for Science and Art (First Class, 2002)
- Gold Medal for Meritorious Service to the Province of Vienna (2003)