British Columbia general election, 1890
Encyclopedia
This was the sixth election held after British Columbia
became a province of Canada
on July 20, 1871. The number of members was increased for this election from 27 in the previous election to 33, although the number of ridings was decreased to 18.
Although Labour as a party had run candidates in previous election, this election saw the first victories by Labour candidates (in Nanaimo and Nanaimo City), and a "Farmer" candidate (in the second Nanaimo seat). There were five successful independents.
received a mandate after assuming power the year before. Robson died in office in 1892, yielding to Theodore Davie
.
, although both Liberal
and Labour allegiance were on display by some candidates).
These ridings were:
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|align="center"|Thomas Fletcher
|align="center" |Alberni
Government
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|align="center" |Cariboo
Independent
|align="center"|George Cowan
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|align="center"|Joseph Mason
|align="center" rowspan=3 |Cariboo
Government
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|align="center" |Cassiar
Opposition
|align="center"|John Grant
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|align="center"|John Robson
1
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|align="center" rowspan=2 |Esquimalt
Opposition
|align="center"|David Williams Higgins
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|align="center"|Samuel Augustus Rogers
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|align="center"|Charles Edward Pooley
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|align="center"|Robert Hanley Hall
|align="center" |Cassiar
Government
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|align="center" |Lillooet
Opposition
|align="center"|David Alexander Stoddart
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|align="center"|Joseph Hunter
|align="center" |Comox
Government
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|align="center" rowspan=2 |New Westminster
Opposition
|align="center"|William Henry Ladner
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|align="center"|Henry Croft
|align="center" rowspan=2 |Cowichan
Government
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|align="center"|James Orr
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|align="center"|Theodore Davie
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|align="center" |New Westminster City
Independent
|align="center"|John Cunningham Brown
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|align="center"|James Baker
|align="center" |East Kootenay
Government
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|align="center" rowspan=2 |Vancouver City
Opposition
Independent
|align="center"|Francis Lovett Carter-Cotton
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|align="center"|Alfred Wellington Smith
|align="center" |Lillooet
Government
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|align="center"|James Welton Horne
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|align="center"|George William Anderson
|align="center" rowspan=2 |Victoria
Gov
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|align="center" rowspan=3 |Victoria City
Opposition
|align="center"|Robert Beaven
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|align="center"|David McEwen Eberts
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|align="center"|John Grant
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|align="center"|John Herbert Turner
|align="center" |Victoria City
Gov
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|align="center"|George Lawson Milne
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|align="center"|John Robson
|align="center" |Westminster
Gov
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|align="center" |Yale
Opposition
|align="center"|Charles Augustus Semlin
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|align="center"|George Bohun Martin
|align="center" rowspan=2 |Yale
Government
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|align="center" rowspan=2 |Nanaimo
Labour
Farmer
|align="center"|Thomas William Forster
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|align="center"|Forbes George Vernon
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|align="center"|Colin Campbell McKenzie
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|align="center" |Nanaimo City
Labour
|align="center"|Thomas Keith
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|align="center" |West Kootenay
Independent
|align="center"|James M. Kellie
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|align="center" rowspan=2 |Westminster
Opposition
Independent
|align="center"|James Punch
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|align="center"|Thomas Edwin Kitchen
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|align-left"|1 Premier-Elect and Incumbent Premier
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| align="center" colspan="10"|Source: Elections BC
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British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...
became a province of Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
on July 20, 1871. The number of members was increased for this election from 27 in the previous election to 33, although the number of ridings was decreased to 18.
Non-party system
There were to be no political parties in the new province. The designations "Government" and "Opposition" and "Independent" (and variations on these) functioned in place of parties, but they were very loose and do not represent formal coalitions, more alignments of support during the campaign. "Government" meant in support of the current Premier; "Opposition" meant campaigning against him, and often enough the Opposition would win and immediately become the Government.Although Labour as a party had run candidates in previous election, this election saw the first victories by Labour candidates (in Nanaimo and Nanaimo City), and a "Farmer" candidate (in the second Nanaimo seat). There were five successful independents.
The Robson Government
The government of newspaperman John RobsonJohn Robson
John Robson was a Canadian journalist and politician, who served as the ninth Premier of the Province of British Columbia.-Journalist and activist:...
received a mandate after assuming power the year before. Robson died in office in 1892, yielding to Theodore Davie
Theodore Davie
Theodore Davie was a British Columbia lawyer, politician and jurist. He practiced law in Cassiar and Nanaimo before settling in Victoria and becoming a leading criminal lawyer. He was the brother of Alexander Edmund Batson Davie. Theodore Davie was first elected to the provincial legislature in...
.
Byelections not shown
Any changes due to byelections are shown below the main table showing the theoretical composition of the House after the election. A final table showing the composition of the House at the dissolution of the Legislature at the end of this Parliament can be found below the byelections. The main table represents the immediate results of the election only, not changes in governing coalitions or eventual changes due to byelections.List of ridings
The original ridings were thirteen in number, and Cowichan was restored to a two-member seat while New Westminster was increased to three, with the new total being 33 members. There were no political parties were not acceptable in the House by convention, though some members were openly partisan at the federal level (usually ConservativeBritish Columbia Conservative Party
The British Columbia Conservative Party is a political party in British Columbia, Canada. First elected as the government in 1903, the party went into decline after 1933...
, although both Liberal
British Columbia Liberal Party
The British Columbia Liberal Party is the governing political party in British Columbia, Canada. First elected for government in 1916, the party went into decline after 1952, with its rump caucus merging with the Social Credit Party for the 1975 election...
and Labour allegiance were on display by some candidates).
These ridings were:
- AlberniAlberni (electoral district)Alberni was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It originally appeared in the British Columbia general election, 1890 and then, after being merged into Cowichan-Alberni for the 1894 election, was renamed Alberni riding in the election of 1898. The riding...
- CaribooCariboo (provincial electoral district)Cariboo was one of the twelve original electoral districts created when British Columbia became a Canadian province in 1871. Roughly corresponding to the old colonial electoral administrative district of the same name, it was a three-member riding until the 1894 election, when it was reduced...
(three members) - Cassiar
- ComoxComox (electoral district)Comox was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It was one of the first twelve ridings representing that province upon its joining Confederation, and was a one-member constituency...
- CowichanCowichan (electoral district)Cowichan was one of the first twelve electoral districts created when British Columbia became a Canadian province in 1871. It was located on southern Vancouver Island. It was a one-member riding only . Its last appearance on the husting was in 1920...
(two members) - East KootenayEast Kootenay (provincial electoral district)Kootenay East is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada...
- EsquimaltEsquimalt (electoral district)Esquimalt was a provincial electoral district in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It was one of the province's first twelve ridings upon its entry into Confederation. It was originally a two-member riding...
(two members) - The IslandsThe IslandsThe Islands was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It first appeared on the hustings in the 1890 provincial election and lasted until it was integrated into the new riding Nanaimo and The Islands as of the 1941 election.- Demographics :-Notable MLAs:This...
(formerly part of Nanaimo - LillooetLillooet (electoral district)The Lillooet electoral district was a riding in the Canadian province of British Columbia, centred on the town of the same name and with various boundaries...
(two members) - Nanaimo
- Nanaimo CityNanaimo CityNanaimo City was a provincial electoral district in the city of Nanaimo, British Columbia in Canada from 1890 to 1912. It was one of two Nanaimo ridings at the time, created out of the older Nanaimo riding , with intermediary ridings The Islands and Nanaimo and the Islands...
- New Westminster CityNew Westminster CityNew Westminster City was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1871 to 1912. For other electoral districts in New Westminster, please see New Westminster .- Demographics :- Electoral history :...
- Vancouver CityVancouver City (electoral district)Vancouver City was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It was a multiple member riding based in the newly-created city of Vancouver....
(two members) - VictoriaVictoria (British Columbia electoral district)Victoria was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia, and was one of the first twelve ridings at the time of that province's joining Confederation in 1871 and stayed on the hustings until 1890. From 1894 to 1963 it did not appear on the electoral map...
(two members) - Victoria CityVictoria City (provincial electoral district)Victoria City was one of the first twelve provincial electoral districts in the province of British Columbia, Canada, upon its entry into Confederation that year. It was originally a four-member riding, and elected to the Legislature several prominent Members of the Legislative Assembly and...
(four members) - East KootenayEast Kootenay (provincial electoral district)Kootenay East is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada...
- WestminsterWestminster (electoral district)Westminster was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It appeared in the 1890 election only. In 1894 it was succeeded by Westminster-Chilliwhack, Westminster-Delta, Westminster-Dewdney, and Westminster-Richmond, which were in the 1898 election succeeded by...
(three members, formerly New Westminster - YaleYale (provincial electoral district)Yale was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia from the province's joining Confederation in 1871. It was a 3-member constituency and retained the name Yale until the 1894 election, at which time it was split into three ridings, Yale-East, Yale-North and...
(three members)
Polling conditions
Natives (First Nations) and Chinese were disallowed from voting, although naturalized Kanakas (Hawaiian colonists) and American and West Indian blacks and certain others participated. The requirement that knowledge of English be spoken for balloting was discussed but not applied.Results by riding
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|align="center"|Thomas Fletcher
Thomas Fletcher (Canadian politician)
Thomas Fletcher was a farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Alberni in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1890 to 1894....
|align="center" |Alberni
Alberni (electoral district)
Alberni was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It originally appeared in the British Columbia general election, 1890 and then, after being merged into Cowichan-Alberni for the 1894 election, was renamed Alberni riding in the election of 1898. The riding...
Government
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|align="center" |Cariboo
Cariboo (electoral district)
Cariboo was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1871 to 1892.This riding was first created as Cariboo District following British Columbia's admission into the Canadian Confederation in 1871...
Independent
|align="center"|George Cowan
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|align="center"|Joseph Mason
Joseph Mason (Canadian politician)
Joseph Mason was an English-born general merchant, miner and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cariboo in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1886 to 1890....
|align="center" rowspan=3 |Cariboo
Cariboo (electoral district)
Cariboo was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1871 to 1892.This riding was first created as Cariboo District following British Columbia's admission into the Canadian Confederation in 1871...
Government
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|align="center" |Cassiar
Opposition
|align="center"|John Grant
John Grant (Canadian politician)
John Grant was a Scottish-born merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cassiar from 1882 to 1890 and Victoria City from 1890 to 1898 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia....
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|align="center"|John Robson
John Robson
John Robson was a Canadian journalist and politician, who served as the ninth Premier of the Province of British Columbia.-Journalist and activist:...
1
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|align="center" rowspan=2 |Esquimalt
Esquimalt (electoral district)
Esquimalt was a provincial electoral district in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It was one of the province's first twelve ridings upon its entry into Confederation. It was originally a two-member riding...
Opposition
|align="center"|David Williams Higgins
David Williams Higgins
David Williams Higgins was a Canadian journalist, politician, and author.Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the son of William B. Higgins and Mary Anne Williams, Higgins moved to Brooklyn with his parents and was educated there...
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|align="center"|Samuel Augustus Rogers
Samuel Augustus Rogers
Samuel Augustus Rogers was an Irish-born merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cariboo from 1890 to 1898 and from 1900 to 1903 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia....
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|align="center"|Charles Edward Pooley
Charles Edward Pooley
Charles Edward Pooley was a lawyer and political figure in British Columbia, Canada. He represented Esquimalt in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1882 to 1906 as a Conservative....
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|align="center"|Robert Hanley Hall
Robert Hanley Hall
Robert Hanley Hall was an Irish-born fur trader and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cassiar in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1890 to 1894....
|align="center" |Cassiar
Government
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|align="center" |Lillooet
Lillooet (electoral district)
The Lillooet electoral district was a riding in the Canadian province of British Columbia, centred on the town of the same name and with various boundaries...
Opposition
|align="center"|David Alexander Stoddart
David Alexander Stoddart
David Alexander "Dave" Stoddart was a businessman and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Lillooet from 1890 to 1894, Lillooet East from 1895 to 1900 and Cariboo from 1924 to 1928 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.He was born in Owen Sound, Ontario, the son of Robert...
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|align="center"|Joseph Hunter
Joseph Hunter (Canadian politician)
Joseph Hunter was a Scottish-born surveyor, civil engineer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cariboo from 1871 to 1875 and from 1900 to 1904 and Comox from 1890 to 1898 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.He was born in Aberdeen and educated there, concluding his...
|align="center" |Comox
Comox (electoral district)
Comox was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It was one of the first twelve ridings representing that province upon its joining Confederation, and was a one-member constituency...
Government
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|align="center" rowspan=2 |New Westminster
Opposition
|align="center"|William Henry Ladner
William Henry Ladner
William Henry Ladner was an English-born miner, farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented New Westminster from 1886 to 1890 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia....
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|align="center"|Henry Croft
Henry Croft
Henry Croft was an Australian-born lumber and mining magnate on Vancouver Island in the early 1900s. He founded the town of Crofton, British Columbia in 1902 as a place to house the smelter for his coal mine on Mount Sicker....
|align="center" rowspan=2 |Cowichan
Cowichan (electoral district)
Cowichan was one of the first twelve electoral districts created when British Columbia became a Canadian province in 1871. It was located on southern Vancouver Island. It was a one-member riding only . Its last appearance on the husting was in 1920...
Government
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|align="center"|James Orr
James Orr (Canadian politician)
James Orr was an English-born political figure in British Columbia. He represented New Westminster in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1882 to 1890....
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|align="center"|Theodore Davie
Theodore Davie
Theodore Davie was a British Columbia lawyer, politician and jurist. He practiced law in Cassiar and Nanaimo before settling in Victoria and becoming a leading criminal lawyer. He was the brother of Alexander Edmund Batson Davie. Theodore Davie was first elected to the provincial legislature in...
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|align="center" |New Westminster City
New Westminster City
New Westminster City was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1871 to 1912. For other electoral districts in New Westminster, please see New Westminster .- Demographics :- Electoral history :...
Independent
|align="center"|John Cunningham Brown
John Cunningham Brown
John Cunningham Brown was an Irish-born newspaper owner and political figure in British Columbia. He represented New Westminster City in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1890 to 1894 and from 1900 to 1901....
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|align="center"|James Baker
James Baker (Canadian politician)
James Baker was an English-born soldier and British Columbia political figure. He represented Kootenay from 1886 to 1890, East Kootenay from 1890 to 1898 and East Kootenay South from 1898 to 1900 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.He was born in London, the son of Samuel Baker, and...
|align="center" |East Kootenay
East Kootenay (provincial electoral district)
Kootenay East is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada...
Government
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|align="center" rowspan=2 |Vancouver City
Vancouver City (electoral district)
Vancouver City was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It was a multiple member riding based in the newly-created city of Vancouver....
Opposition
Independent
|align="center"|Francis Lovett Carter-Cotton
Francis Lovett Carter-Cotton
Francis Lovett Carter-Cotton was a Canadian newspaperman, politician, and businessman.Born in Shoreditch , England, the son of Francis Cotton and Martha Ann Garrison, he was the co-owner and editor from 1887 to 1910 of the Vancouver, British Columbia Daily News-Advertiser newspaper...
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|align="center"|Alfred Wellington Smith
Alfred Wellington Smith
Alfred Wellington Smith was an English-born general merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Lillooet from 1889 to 1894 and Lillooet West from 1894 to 1903 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.He was born in Bedford and educated at the Epworth Normal School...
|align="center" |Lillooet
Lillooet (electoral district)
The Lillooet electoral district was a riding in the Canadian province of British Columbia, centred on the town of the same name and with various boundaries...
Government
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|align="center"|James Welton Horne
James Welton Horne
James Welton Horne was a land developer, businessman and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Vancouver City in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1890 to 1894....
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|align="center"|George William Anderson
George William Anderson (Canadian politician)
George William Anderson was an English-born farmer, baker and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Victoria in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1886 to 1890....
|align="center" rowspan=2 |Victoria
Victoria (electoral district)
Victoria is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1872 to 1904 and since 1925....
Gov
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|align="center" rowspan=3 |Victoria City
Victoria City (provincial electoral district)
Victoria City was one of the first twelve provincial electoral districts in the province of British Columbia, Canada, upon its entry into Confederation that year. It was originally a four-member riding, and elected to the Legislature several prominent Members of the Legislative Assembly and...
Opposition
|align="center"|Robert Beaven
Robert Beaven
Robert Beaven , son of James Beaven, was a British Columbia politician and businessman. Beaven moved to British Columbia from Toronto, where he had been educated at Upper Canada College, because of the gold rush. He entered business in Victoria, which was then the capital of the Colony of Vancouver...
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|align="center"|David McEwen Eberts
David McEwen Eberts
David McEwen Eberts was a lawyer and political figure in British Columbia, Canada. He represented Victoria from 1890 to 1894, South Victoria from 1894 to 1903 and Saanich from 1907 to 1916 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as a Conservative.He was born in Chatham, Ontario, the son of...
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|align="center"|John Grant
John Grant (Canadian politician)
John Grant was a Scottish-born merchant and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Cassiar from 1882 to 1890 and Victoria City from 1890 to 1898 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia....
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|align="center"|John Herbert Turner
John Herbert Turner
John Herbert Turner was a British Columbia politician. Born in Claydon, Suffolk, England, Turner moved to British North America and worked as a merchant in Halifax and Charlottetown. In 1862 he moved to Victoria, British Columbia and founded Turner, Beeton and Co...
|align="center" |Victoria City
Victoria City (provincial electoral district)
Victoria City was one of the first twelve provincial electoral districts in the province of British Columbia, Canada, upon its entry into Confederation that year. It was originally a four-member riding, and elected to the Legislature several prominent Members of the Legislative Assembly and...
Gov
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|align="center"|George Lawson Milne
George Lawson Milne
George Lawson Milne was a Scottish-born physician and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Victoria City in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1890 to 1898....
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|align="center"|John Robson
John Robson
John Robson was a Canadian journalist and politician, who served as the ninth Premier of the Province of British Columbia.-Journalist and activist:...
|align="center" |Westminster
Westminster (electoral district)
Westminster was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It appeared in the 1890 election only. In 1894 it was succeeded by Westminster-Chilliwhack, Westminster-Delta, Westminster-Dewdney, and Westminster-Richmond, which were in the 1898 election succeeded by...
Gov
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|align="center" |Yale
Yale (provincial electoral district)
Yale was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia from the province's joining Confederation in 1871. It was a 3-member constituency and retained the name Yale until the 1894 election, at which time it was split into three ridings, Yale-East, Yale-North and...
Opposition
|align="center"|Charles Augustus Semlin
Charles Augustus Semlin
Charles Augustus Semlin was a British Columbia politician.Born near Barrie, Upper Canada, Semlin worked there as a schoolteacher until 1862 when he moved to British Columbia during the gold rush to become a prospector. In 1869 he purchased the Dominion Ranch and became a rancher...
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|align="center"|George Bohun Martin
George Bohun Martin
George Bohun Martin was an English-born farmer, rancher and political figure in British Columbia, Canada...
|align="center" rowspan=2 |Yale
Yale (provincial electoral district)
Yale was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia from the province's joining Confederation in 1871. It was a 3-member constituency and retained the name Yale until the 1894 election, at which time it was split into three ridings, Yale-East, Yale-North and...
Government
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|align="center" rowspan=2 |Nanaimo
Labour
Farmer
|align="center"|Thomas William Forster
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|align="center"|Forbes George Vernon
Forbes George Vernon
Forbes George Vernon , Lieutenant British Army, was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Canadian province of British Columbia from 1875 to 1882, and from 1886 to 1894, representing the riding of Yale...
||
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|align="center"|Colin Campbell McKenzie
Colin Campbell McKenzie
Colin Campbell McKenzie was an educator, real estate and insurance agent and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Nanaimo in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1890 to 1894....
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|align="center" |Nanaimo City
Nanaimo City
Nanaimo City was a provincial electoral district in the city of Nanaimo, British Columbia in Canada from 1890 to 1912. It was one of two Nanaimo ridings at the time, created out of the older Nanaimo riding , with intermediary ridings The Islands and Nanaimo and the Islands...
Labour
|align="center"|Thomas Keith
Thomas Keith (politician)
Thomas Keith was an Irish-born miner and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Nanaimo City in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1890 to 1894....
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|align="center" |West Kootenay
Independent
|align="center"|James M. Kellie
James M. Kellie
James M. "Pothole" Kellie was a miner and political figure in British Columbia. He represented West Kootenay from 1890 to 1894, West Kootenay North from 1894 to 1898 and West Kootenay-Revelstoke from 1898 to 1899 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.He was born in Cobourg, Ontario; his...
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|align="center" rowspan=2 |Westminster
Westminster (electoral district)
Westminster was a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It appeared in the 1890 election only. In 1894 it was succeeded by Westminster-Chilliwhack, Westminster-Delta, Westminster-Dewdney, and Westminster-Richmond, which were in the 1898 election succeeded by...
Opposition
Independent
|align="center"|James Punch
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|align="center"|Thomas Edwin Kitchen
Thomas Edwin Kitchen
Thomas Edwin Kitchen was an English-born farmer and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Westminster from 1890 to 1894 and Westminster-Chilliwhack from 1894 to 1897 in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.He was born near Lakeside, Lancashire, the son of Thomas Kitchen, and...
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|align-left"|1 Premier-Elect and Incumbent Premier
|-
| align="center" colspan="10"|Source: Elections BC
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See also
- List of British Columbia political parties
Further reading & references
- In the Sea of Sterile Mountains: The Chinese in British Columbia, Joseph Morton, J.J. Douglas, Vancouver (1974). Despite its title, a fairly thorough account of the politicians and electoral politics in early BC.