Bruay-sur-l'Escaut
Encyclopedia
Bruay-sur-l'Escaut is a commune
in the Nord department in northern France
.
on the left bank of the river
Scheldt
: Bruay-sur-l'Escaut = Bruay on the Scheldt. It is 12 km from the Belgian
border at Quiévrain
.
and Bruay afterwards. In 1902 the name was changed to Bruay-sur-l'Escaut in order to avoid confusion with Bruay-la-Buissière
in Pas-de-Calais.
there are 1300 inhabitants in Bruay, they worked in foundries
and glassware
s. In Starting from 1856, the inhabitants exploit the subterranean
coal
vein
s with a coalmine sinked by the Coalmines Compagny of Anzin ( in French : La Compagnie des Mines d'Anzin). Afterwards, some houses built and alien labour forces from Belgium
recruited, the population of Bruay open out to 6000 inhabitants, some breweries and ironmongeries created, today diseppeared.
wood
around Bruay. Some drilling
s to find a coal
vein
s has been attempted. The coalmine Lagrange, with low firedamp
and a shaft
with a depth of 139 metres, created in 1858. Some quicksand
s and water who invaded the building site ( 45 cubic metres per second
), retarded the workers pending the coalmine construction. The name of the coalmine, Lagrange, descend of the baron
Lagrange 's name, who was la Compagnie des mines d'Anzin manager. Starting from 1871 to 1873 the compagny created coalmine housses city around the coalmine (coron in French) to loge the coalmine labour workers. On October 10, 1918 the German soldiers dynamited the coal mine, the water invaded the galleries and the production has been stopped. The exploitation will go back to work in 1919. At this date, a coke
firme and generating station created.
The coalmine has been closed in 1954. The slag heap
, rich in schiste, has been used for the construction of the A2 motorway ( autoroute A2 in French) in 1970 and the easel
has been disassembled.
Communes of France
The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
in the Nord department in northern France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
Heraldry
Geography
Bruay-sur-l'Escaut is 6 km north of ValenciennesValenciennes
Valenciennes is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.It lies on the Scheldt river. Although the city and region had seen a steady decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded...
on the left bank of the river
River
A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water. Small rivers may also be called by several other names, including...
Scheldt
Scheldt
The Scheldt is a 350 km long river in northern France, western Belgium and the southwestern part of the Netherlands...
: Bruay-sur-l'Escaut = Bruay on the Scheldt. It is 12 km from the Belgian
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
border at Quiévrain
Quiévrain
Quiévrain is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut. On 1 January 2006, the municipality had 6,559 inhabitants. The total area is 21.22 km², giving a population density of 309 inhabitants per km²....
.
The name of this commune
Named Bruail, Brueil, Bruel, Bruech in the Middle AgesMiddle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
and Bruay afterwards. In 1902 the name was changed to Bruay-sur-l'Escaut in order to avoid confusion with Bruay-la-Buissière
Bruay-la-Buissière
Bruay-la-Buissière is a commune and seat of a canton in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.-Geography:...
in Pas-de-Calais.
Quarters
- Bruay centre
- Thiers
- Le Pinson
- Les Hauts Champs
- Le Pont de Bruay
- Le Fruitier
- Le Rivage
- La Folie
- La Baillette
- Les Ruelles
- Le Point du Jour
Economic past
At 19th centuryCentury
A century is one hundred consecutive years. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages .-Start and end in the Gregorian Calendar:...
there are 1300 inhabitants in Bruay, they worked in foundries
Foundry
A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal in a mold, and removing the mold material or casting after the metal has solidified as it cools. The most common metals processed are aluminum and cast iron...
and glassware
Glassware
This list of glassware includes drinking vessels , tableware, such as dishes, and flatware used to set a table for eating a meal, general glass items such as vases, and glasses used in the catering industry whether made of glass or plastics such as polystyrene and...
s. In Starting from 1856, the inhabitants exploit the subterranean
Subterranea (geography)
Subterranea refers to underground structures, both natural and man-made . Some subterranea include:* Bunker* Casemate* Catacombs* Caves** Ice caves* Cave dwellings, Cave house* Cave temple* Cellar* Cenote* Dungeon...
coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
vein
Vein
In the circulatory system, veins are blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart...
s with a coalmine sinked by the Coalmines Compagny of Anzin ( in French : La Compagnie des Mines d'Anzin). Afterwards, some houses built and alien labour forces from Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
recruited, the population of Bruay open out to 6000 inhabitants, some breweries and ironmongeries created, today diseppeared.
The mine of Thiers
In 1728, the industries was greedies in combustibles, used up all forestForest
A forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. As with cities, depending where you are in the world, what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have various classification according to how and what of the forest is composed...
wood
Wood
Wood is a hard, fibrous tissue found in many trees. It has been used for hundreds of thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression...
around Bruay. Some drilling
Drilling
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut or enlarge a hole in solid materials. The drill bit is a multipoint, end cutting tool...
s to find a coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
vein
Vein
In the circulatory system, veins are blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart...
s has been attempted. The coalmine Lagrange, with low firedamp
Firedamp
Firedamp is a flammable gas found in coal mines. It is the name given to a number of flammable gases, especially methane. It is particularly commonly found in areas where the coal is bituminous...
and a shaft
Ventilation shaft
In subterranean civil engineering, ventilation shafts, also known as airshafts or vent shafts, are vertical passages used in mines and tunnels to move fresh air underground, and to remove stale air....
with a depth of 139 metres, created in 1858. Some quicksand
Quicksand
Quicksand is a colloid hydrogel consisting of fine granular matter , clay, and water.Water circulation underground can focus in an area with the optimal mixture of fine sands and other materials such as clay. The water moves up and then down slowly in a convection-like manner throughout a column...
s and water who invaded the building site ( 45 cubic metres per second
Second
The second is a unit of measurement of time, and is the International System of Units base unit of time. It may be measured using a clock....
), retarded the workers pending the coalmine construction. The name of the coalmine, Lagrange, descend of the baron
Baron
Baron is a title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin baro meaning " man, warrior"; it merged with cognate Old English beorn meaning "nobleman"...
Lagrange 's name, who was la Compagnie des mines d'Anzin manager. Starting from 1871 to 1873 the compagny created coalmine housses city around the coalmine (coron in French) to loge the coalmine labour workers. On October 10, 1918 the German soldiers dynamited the coal mine, the water invaded the galleries and the production has been stopped. The exploitation will go back to work in 1919. At this date, a coke
Coke (fuel)
Coke is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous. While coke can be formed naturally, the commonly used form is man-made.- History :...
firme and generating station created.
The coalmine has been closed in 1954. The slag heap
Slag heap
A spoil tip is a pile built of accumulated spoil - the overburden removed during coal and ore mining. These waste materials are generally composed of shale, as well as smaller quantities of carboniferous sandstone and various other residues...
, rich in schiste, has been used for the construction of the A2 motorway ( autoroute A2 in French) in 1970 and the easel
Easel
An easel is an upright support used for displaying and/or fixing something resting upon it.-Etymology:The word is an old Germanic synonym for donkey...
has been disassembled.