Buckingham
Encyclopedia
Buckingham is a town
situated in north Buckinghamshire
, England
, close to the borders of Northamptonshire
and Oxfordshire
. The town has a population
of 11,572 (United Kingdom Census 2001
), (2007 est. 13,200). Buckingham is also a civil parish designated as a town council
.
Historically, Buckingham was the county town
of Buckinghamshire, having been declared the county town in the 10th century when it was made the capital of the newly formed shire of Buckingham until Aylesbury
took over this role early in the 18th century.
Buckingham has a variety of restaurants and pubs, typical of a small market town
. It has a small number of local shops, both national and independent. Market days are Tuesday and Saturday which take over Market Hill and the High Street cattle pens. Buckingham is twinned with Mouvaux
, France
.
In the 7th century, Buckingham, literally "meadow of Bucca's people" is said to have been founded by Bucca, the leader of the first Anglo Saxon settlers. The first settlement was located around the top of a loop in the River Great Ouse
, presently the Hunter Street campus of the University of Buckingham
. Between the 7th century and the 11th century, the town of Buckingham regularly changed hands between the Saxons
and the Danes, in particular, in 914 King Edward the Elder
and a Saxon
army encamped in Buckingham for four weeks forcing local Danish Viking
leaders to surrender. Subsequently a fort was constructed at the location of the present Buckingham parish church
.
Buckingham is the first settlement referred to in the Buckinghamshire section of the Domesday Book
of 1086. Buckingham was referred to as Buckingham with Bourton, and the survey makes reference to 26 burgesses, 11 smallholders and 1 mill
.
The town received its charter
in 1554 when Queen Mary
created the free borough
of Buckingham with boundaries extending from Thornborowe Bridge (now Thornborough
) to Dudley Bridge and from Chackmore
Bridge to Padbury
Mill Bridge. The designated borough included a bailiff
, twelve principal burgesses and a steward
.
The town suffered from a significant fire that raged through the town centre on 15 March 1725, with the result that many of the main streets of the town were destroyed including Castle Street, Castle Hill and the north side of Market Hill. The result was 138 dwellings (out of a total of 387 in the town at that time) being consumed in the fire. The current fine range of Georgian architecture
in these streets today is as a direct result of that fire, but the immediate aftermath was difficult for the town. Collections were made in surrounding towns such as Aylesbury and Wendover to help those made homeless and by 1730, only a third of the homes had been rebuilt.
place and contains many 18th century buildings. There are three main roads crossing Buckingham, namely the A413
, the A421
(the southern bypass) and the A422
. Capability Brown
's historic formal garden design at Stowe
(on the A422 westbound) is an important attraction in the care of the National Trust
.
There is a medieval well
known as St Rumbold's Well on the south side of the dismantled railway which borders the town. The well, which is now dry for much of the year, was positioned to exploit the spring line below the crest of a north facing slope overlooking the town.
Suburb
s of Buckingham include Mount Pleasant, Page Hill, Bourton, Badgers, Linden Village, and Castle Fields. Maids Moreton
, a village
on the north eastern borders of the town has become contiguous with the Buckingham urban area. Nearby towns include Aylesbury
, Winslow
, Bicester
, Brackley
, Milton Keynes
and Towcester
. Local villages in the immediate vicinity include Padbury
and Gawcott
to the south, Chackmore
to the north and Shalstone
to the north west. It is also very near Stowe
, the location of Stowe House
, Stowe Landscape Gardens and Stowe School
.
in the parish
of Buckingham. The hamlet name is Anglo Saxon
in origin, and means 'fortified enclosure'. It is now an integral part of the town of Buckingham, with a road and old mill named Bourton still visible to visitors.
Bourton was once the location of a great house that belonged to the Minshull family. In the English Civil War
the house was plundered by Parliamentarian
forces and goods to the value of £2,000 (a massive fortune in the day) were stolen. The house has long since disappeared.
's two private universities
, the University of Buckingham
. Unlike other UK universities, most of its students are from overseas.
Buckinghamshire operates the Tripartite System
of state secondary education
. The local state secondary schools are the Royal Latin School
(a grammar school
) and the Buckingham School
(a secondary modern). Stowe School
and Akeley Wood School
, just outside the town, are independent schools
. There are three community, primary schools serving different areas of the town: Buckingham Primary School, Bourton Meadow School and Grenville Combined School.
housing high tech companies in the pharmaceutical, electronic, foods and composite materials fields including Natco, Racelogic
, Superchips
, Vitalograph and Wipac
.
service known as the X5 links the town to Oxford
and Cambridge
. Some surrounding villages are connected to Buckingham by a market day bus.
of the Grand Junction Canal
from 1801 to 1932, and the canal was finally abandoned in 1964. The canal ran from Cosgrove, Northamptonshire
to the centre of Buckingham to a wharf
.
on the Banbury to Verney Junction Branch Line
and ran from 1850 to 1964.
steam car
, an innovative vehicle from 1860, though considered ahead of its time and only two are considered to have been made.
teams, a rugby union
club including teams for women and young women and a cricket
club. These are Buckingham Athletic F.C.
based at Stratford Fields, Buckingham Town F.C.
based at Ford Meadow, Buckingham Rugby Club
based at Floyd Field, Maids Moreton
and Buckingham Town Cricket Club
based at Bourton Road. Moretonville Junior Football Club also has boys and girls teams from u7s - u16s.
The town is said to be the final resting place of St Rumbold (also known as Saint Rumwold), a little known Saxon
saint
and the grandson of Penda King of Mercia
; the parish church
at Strixton
(Northamptonshire
) is dedicated to him and the small northern town of Romaldkirk
is also thought to be named after him. He was apparently born at King's Sutton
, Northants, where he died just three days later. During his short life, he repeatedly professed his Christian
faith and asked for baptism
. He is now most often referred to as St Rumbold,
the latter being the most common, as it can be found being used on a local road name and recent booklets about the subject.
Town
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...
situated in north Buckinghamshire
Buckinghamshire
Buckinghamshire is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. The county town is Aylesbury, the largest town in the ceremonial county is Milton Keynes and largest town in the non-metropolitan county is High Wycombe....
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, close to the borders of Northamptonshire
Northamptonshire
Northamptonshire is a landlocked county in the English East Midlands, with a population of 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with the ceremonial counties of Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east,...
and Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire , Buckinghamshire , Berkshire , Wiltshire and Gloucestershire ....
. The town has a population
Population
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
of 11,572 (United Kingdom Census 2001
United Kingdom Census 2001
A nationwide census, known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday, 29 April 2001. This was the 20th UK Census and recorded a resident population of 58,789,194....
), (2007 est. 13,200). Buckingham is also a civil parish designated as a town council
Town council
A town council is a democratically elected form of government for small municipalities or civil parishes. A council may serve as both the representative and executive branch....
.
Historically, Buckingham was the county town
County town
A county town is a county's administrative centre in the United Kingdom or Ireland. County towns are usually the location of administrative or judicial functions, or established over time as the de facto main town of a county. The concept of a county town eventually became detached from its...
of Buckinghamshire, having been declared the county town in the 10th century when it was made the capital of the newly formed shire of Buckingham until Aylesbury
Aylesbury
Aylesbury is the county town of Buckinghamshire in South East England. However the town also falls into a geographical region known as the South Midlands an area that ecompasses the north of the South East, and the southern extremities of the East Midlands...
took over this role early in the 18th century.
Buckingham has a variety of restaurants and pubs, typical of a small market town
Market town
Market town or market right is a legal term, originating in the medieval period, for a European settlement that has the right to host markets, distinguishing it from a village and city...
. It has a small number of local shops, both national and independent. Market days are Tuesday and Saturday which take over Market Hill and the High Street cattle pens. Buckingham is twinned with Mouvaux
Mouvaux
-References:*...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
History
River Great Ouse
The Great Ouse is a river in the east of England. At long, it is the fourth-longest river in the United Kingdom. The river has been important for navigation, and for draining the low-lying region through which it flows. Its course has been modified several times, with the first recorded being in...
, presently the Hunter Street campus of the University of Buckingham
University of Buckingham
The University of Buckingham is an independent, non-sectarian, research and teaching university located in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, England, on the banks of the River Great Ouse. It was originally founded as Buckingham University College in the 1970s and received its Royal Charter from the...
. Between the 7th century and the 11th century, the town of Buckingham regularly changed hands between the Saxons
Saxons
The Saxons were a confederation of Germanic tribes originating on the North German plain. The Saxons earliest known area of settlement is Northern Albingia, an area approximately that of modern Holstein...
and the Danes, in particular, in 914 King Edward the Elder
Edward the Elder
Edward the Elder was an English king. He became king in 899 upon the death of his father, Alfred the Great. His court was at Winchester, previously the capital of Wessex...
and a Saxon
Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxon is a term used by historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Great Britain beginning in the early 5th century AD, and the period from their creation of the English nation to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon Era denotes the period of...
army encamped in Buckingham for four weeks forcing local Danish Viking
Viking
The term Viking is customarily used to refer to the Norse explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates who raided, traded, explored and settled in wide areas of Europe, Asia and the North Atlantic islands from the late 8th to the mid-11th century.These Norsemen used their famed longships to...
leaders to surrender. Subsequently a fort was constructed at the location of the present Buckingham parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....
.
Buckingham is the first settlement referred to in the Buckinghamshire section of the Domesday Book
Domesday Book
Domesday Book , now held at The National Archives, Kew, Richmond upon Thames in South West London, is the record of the great survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086...
of 1086. Buckingham was referred to as Buckingham with Bourton, and the survey makes reference to 26 burgesses, 11 smallholders and 1 mill
Watermill
A watermill is a structure that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour, lumber or textile production, or metal shaping .- History :...
.
The town received its charter
Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified...
in 1554 when Queen Mary
Mary I of England
Mary I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.She was the only surviving child born of the ill-fated marriage of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded Henry in 1547...
created the free borough
Borough
A borough is an administrative division in various countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing township although, in practice, official use of the term varies widely....
of Buckingham with boundaries extending from Thornborowe Bridge (now Thornborough
Thornborough, Buckinghamshire
For the village in North Yorkshire, see Thornborough, North Yorkshire.Thornborough is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Valedistrict in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about two miles east of Buckingham....
) to Dudley Bridge and from Chackmore
Chackmore
Chackmore is a hamlet in the parish of Radclive-cum-Chackmore, in north Buckinghamshire, England. The hamlet is approached using the avenue that links Buckingham with Stowe Park.-History:...
Bridge to Padbury
Padbury
Padbury is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located on the A413 main road that links Buckingham with Winslow....
Mill Bridge. The designated borough included a bailiff
Bailiff
A bailiff is a governor or custodian ; a legal officer to whom some degree of authority, care or jurisdiction is committed...
, twelve principal burgesses and a steward
Steward (office)
A steward is an official who is appointed by the legal ruling monarch to represent him or her in a country, and may have a mandate to govern it in his or her name; in the latter case, it roughly corresponds with the position of governor or deputy...
.
The town suffered from a significant fire that raged through the town centre on 15 March 1725, with the result that many of the main streets of the town were destroyed including Castle Street, Castle Hill and the north side of Market Hill. The result was 138 dwellings (out of a total of 387 in the town at that time) being consumed in the fire. The current fine range of Georgian architecture
Georgian architecture
Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I of Great Britain, George II of Great Britain, George III of the United...
in these streets today is as a direct result of that fire, but the immediate aftermath was difficult for the town. Collections were made in surrounding towns such as Aylesbury and Wendover to help those made homeless and by 1730, only a third of the homes had been rebuilt.
Geography
The town is centred on the historic marketMarket
A market is one of many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange. While parties may exchange goods and services by barter, most markets rely on sellers offering their goods or services in exchange for money from buyers...
place and contains many 18th century buildings. There are three main roads crossing Buckingham, namely the A413
A413 road
The A413 is a major road in England that links Gerrards Cross to Towcester. It passes through various towns and villages including Buckingham, Aylesbury, Wendover, Winslow, Great Missenden and Amersham....
, the A421
A421 road
The A421 is an important road for east/west journeys across England. Together with the A428, the A43 and A34, it forms the route from Cambridge through Milton Keynes to Oxford...
(the southern bypass) and the A422
A422 road
The A422 is an "A" road for east-west journeys in south central England, connecting the county towns of Bedford and Worcester by way of Milton Keynes, Buckingham, Banbury and Stratford-upon-Avon. For most of its length, is a narrow single carriageway....
. Capability Brown
Capability Brown
Lancelot Brown , more commonly known as Capability Brown, was an English landscape architect. He is remembered as "the last of the great English eighteenth-century artists to be accorded his due", and "England's greatest gardener". He designed over 170 parks, many of which still endure...
's historic formal garden design at Stowe
Stowe, Buckinghamshire
Stowe is a civil parish and former village about northwest of Buckingham in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. The parish includes the hamlets of Boycott, Dadford and Lamport....
(on the A422 westbound) is an important attraction in the care of the National Trust
National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty
The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, usually known as the National Trust, is a conservation organisation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland...
.
There is a medieval well
Water well
A water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn by an electric submersible pump, a trash pump, a vertical turbine pump, a handpump or a mechanical pump...
known as St Rumbold's Well on the south side of the dismantled railway which borders the town. The well, which is now dry for much of the year, was positioned to exploit the spring line below the crest of a north facing slope overlooking the town.
Suburb
Suburb
The word suburb mostly refers to a residential area, either existing as part of a city or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city . Some suburbs have a degree of administrative autonomy, and most have lower population density than inner city neighborhoods...
s of Buckingham include Mount Pleasant, Page Hill, Bourton, Badgers, Linden Village, and Castle Fields. Maids Moreton
Maids Moreton
Maids Moreton is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of northern Buckinghamshire, England. The village is about north of Buckingham. The village is contiguous with the Buckingham urban area and is thus often considered as a suburb....
, a village
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
on the north eastern borders of the town has become contiguous with the Buckingham urban area. Nearby towns include Aylesbury
Aylesbury
Aylesbury is the county town of Buckinghamshire in South East England. However the town also falls into a geographical region known as the South Midlands an area that ecompasses the north of the South East, and the southern extremities of the East Midlands...
, Winslow
Winslow, Buckinghamshire
Winslow is a small market town and also a civil parish designated as a town council within Aylesbury Vale district in north Buckinghamshire. It has a population of about 4500....
, Bicester
Bicester
Bicester is a town and civil parish in the Cherwell district of northeastern Oxfordshire in England.This historic market centre is one of the fastest growing towns in Oxfordshire Development has been favoured by its proximity to junction 9 of the M40 motorway linking it to London, Birmingham and...
, Brackley
Brackley
Brackley is a town in south Northamptonshire, England. It is about from Oxford and miles form Northampton. Historically a market town based on the wool and lace trade, it was built on the intersecting trade routes between London, Birmingham and the English Midlands and between Cambridge and Oxford...
, Milton Keynes
Milton Keynes
Milton Keynes , sometimes abbreviated MK, is a large town in Buckinghamshire, in the south east of England, about north-west of London. It is the administrative centre of the Borough of Milton Keynes...
and Towcester
Towcester
Towcester , the Roman town of Lactodorum, is a small town in south Northamptonshire, England.-Etymology:Towcester comes from the Old English Tófe-ceaster. Tófe refers to the River Tove; Bosworth and Toller compare it to the "Scandinavian proper names" Tófi and Tófa...
. Local villages in the immediate vicinity include Padbury
Padbury
Padbury is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located on the A413 main road that links Buckingham with Winslow....
and Gawcott
Gawcott
Gawcott is a village about southwest of Buckingham in Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. The village is in the civil parish of Gawcott with Lenborough.The toponym is derived from the Old English for "cottage for which rent is payable"...
to the south, Chackmore
Chackmore
Chackmore is a hamlet in the parish of Radclive-cum-Chackmore, in north Buckinghamshire, England. The hamlet is approached using the avenue that links Buckingham with Stowe Park.-History:...
to the north and Shalstone
Shalstone
Shalstone is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the north of the county, about four miles north west of Buckingham. The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means 'farm by a shallow stream'...
to the north west. It is also very near Stowe
Stowe
-Places:in Canada:*Stowe, Albertain Dominica:*Stowe, Dominicain the United Kingdom:*Stowe, Buckinghamshire**the location of Stowe House, Stowe Landscape Garden and Stowe School** former location of the Stowe Missal*Stowe, Herefordshire*Stowe, Lincolnshire...
, the location of Stowe House
Stowe House
Stowe House is a Grade I listed country house located in Stowe, Buckinghamshire, England. It is the home of Stowe School, an independent school. The gardens , a significant example of the English Landscape Garden style, along with part of the Park, passed into the ownership of The National Trust...
, Stowe Landscape Gardens and Stowe School
Stowe School
Stowe School is an independent school in Stowe, Buckinghamshire. It was founded on 11 May 1923 by J. F. Roxburgh, initially with 99 male pupils. It is a member of the Rugby Group and Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. The school is also a member of the G20 Schools Group...
.
Bourton
Bourton was a hamletHamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...
in the parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
of Buckingham. The hamlet name is Anglo Saxon
Old English language
Old English or Anglo-Saxon is an early form of the English language that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in parts of what are now England and southeastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century...
in origin, and means 'fortified enclosure'. It is now an integral part of the town of Buckingham, with a road and old mill named Bourton still visible to visitors.
Bourton was once the location of a great house that belonged to the Minshull family. In the English Civil War
English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...
the house was plundered by Parliamentarian
Parliament of England
The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England. In 1066, William of Normandy introduced a feudal system, by which he sought the advice of a council of tenants-in-chief and ecclesiastics before making laws...
forces and goods to the value of £2,000 (a massive fortune in the day) were stolen. The house has long since disappeared.
Education
The town is home to one of the UKUnited Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
's two private universities
University
A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...
, the University of Buckingham
University of Buckingham
The University of Buckingham is an independent, non-sectarian, research and teaching university located in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, England, on the banks of the River Great Ouse. It was originally founded as Buckingham University College in the 1970s and received its Royal Charter from the...
. Unlike other UK universities, most of its students are from overseas.
Buckinghamshire operates the Tripartite System
Tripartite System
The Tripartite System was the arrangement of state funded secondary education between 1944 and the 1970s in England and Wales, and from 1947 to 2009 in Northern Ireland....
of state secondary education
Secondary education
Secondary education is the stage of education following primary education. Secondary education includes the final stage of compulsory education and in many countries it is entirely compulsory. The next stage of education is usually college or university...
. The local state secondary schools are the Royal Latin School
Royal Latin School
The Royal Latin School is a co-educational grammar school in Buckingham, England. In September 2011 the school became an Academy.. It takes children from the age of 11 through to the age of 18 and has over 1260 pupils, including a sixth form of 390 pupils. It maintains a staff of over 160...
(a grammar school
Grammar school
A grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and some other English-speaking countries, originally a school teaching classical languages but more recently an academically-oriented secondary school.The original purpose of mediaeval...
) and the Buckingham School
Buckingham School
Buckingham School is a co-educational secondary school in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.It is a community school, which takes children from the age of 11 through to the age of 18. The school has approximately 1000 pupils....
(a secondary modern). Stowe School
Stowe School
Stowe School is an independent school in Stowe, Buckinghamshire. It was founded on 11 May 1923 by J. F. Roxburgh, initially with 99 male pupils. It is a member of the Rugby Group and Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. The school is also a member of the G20 Schools Group...
and Akeley Wood School
Akeley Wood School
Akeley Wood School is a mixed independent primary and secondary school, with an attached sixth form near Buckingham. It is owned by Cognita, an independent schools company chaired by Chris Woodhead...
, just outside the town, are independent schools
Independent school (UK)
An independent school is a school that is not financed through the taxation system by local or national government and is instead funded by private sources, predominantly in the form of tuition charges, gifts and long-term charitable endowments, and so is not subject to the conditions imposed by...
. There are three community, primary schools serving different areas of the town: Buckingham Primary School, Bourton Meadow School and Grenville Combined School.
Industry and business
The town is home to a number of industrial estates and technology parksScience park
A research park, science park, or science and technology park is an area with a collection of buildings dedicated to scientific research on a business footing. There are many approximate synonyms for "science park", including research park, technology park, technopolis and biomedical park...
housing high tech companies in the pharmaceutical, electronic, foods and composite materials fields including Natco, Racelogic
Racelogic
Racelogic Ltd is an automotive technology company based in Buckingham, United Kingdom.Developing GPS, CAN-bus, Inertial navigation system and video recording equipment, Racelogic Ltd design applications for use in vehicle testing, motorsport, marine, defence, aviation, and GNSS device...
, Superchips
Superchips
Superchips Ltd is a British company specialising in electronic engine tuning of cars. It was established in 1977 by Peter Wales as P.J. Detection Techniques, and was renamed Superchips in 1991. The company is based in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, and has dealers of its products world wide...
, Vitalograph and Wipac
Wipac
Wipac is a British automotive engineering company based in Buckingham. The company resulted from a merger in 1941 of the British subsidiary of the American Wico company and British spark plug manufacturer Pacy to become the Wico-Pacy in Bletchley before eventually becoming the Wipac brand which...
.
Road
Buckingham stands at the crossroads of the A413 (north-south), A421 and A422 (east-west) roads. The town was by-passed in the early 1980s by creating a new section of the A421 to the south.Bus
Buckingham is linked to Aylesbury by the 60 and Milton Keynes by the 32. An inter-city coachCoach (vehicle)
A coach is a large motor vehicle, a type of bus, used for conveying passengers on excursions and on longer distance express coach scheduled transport between cities - or even between countries...
service known as the X5 links the town to Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
and Cambridge
Cambridge
The city of Cambridge is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies in East Anglia about north of London. Cambridge is at the heart of the high-technology centre known as Silicon Fen – a play on Silicon Valley and the fens surrounding the...
. Some surrounding villages are connected to Buckingham by a market day bus.
Canal
Buckingham was served by the Buckingham ArmBuckingham Arm
The Buckingham Arm is a canal that once ran from Cosgrove, Northamptonshire to Buckingham . It was built as an arm of the Grand Junction Canal, in two separate phases, opening in 1800 and 1801. It was disused from 1932, but was not finally abandoned until 1964...
of the Grand Junction Canal
Grand Junction Canal
The Grand Junction Canal is a canal in England from Braunston in Northamptonshire to the River Thames at Brentford, with a number of branches. The mainline was built between 1793 and 1805, to improve the route from the Midlands to London, by-passing the upper reaches of the River Thames near Oxford...
from 1801 to 1932, and the canal was finally abandoned in 1964. The canal ran from Cosgrove, Northamptonshire
Cosgrove, Northamptonshire
Cosgrove is a village in Northamptonshire, England about north of Stony Stratford, north of central Milton Keynes and south of Northampton along the A508 road and south-east of Towcester along the A5 road...
to the centre of Buckingham to a wharf
Canal basin
A canal basin is an expanse of waterway alongside or at the end of a canal, and wider than the canal, constructed to allow boats to moor or unload cargo without impeding the progress of other traffic, and to allow room for turning, thus serving as a winding hole...
.
Rail
Buckingham had a railway stationBuckingham railway station
Buckingham was a railway station which served Buckingham, the former county town of Buckinghamshire, England, between 1850 and 1966.- Opening :...
on the Banbury to Verney Junction Branch Line
Banbury to Verney Junction Branch Line
The Banbury to Verney Junction Branch Line was a railway branch line constructed by the Buckinghamshire Railway which connected the Oxfordshire market town of Banbury with the Buckinghamshire town of Bletchley via the historic county town of Buckingham and the Northamptonshire town of Brackley, a...
and ran from 1850 to 1964.
Automobiles
Buckingham was home to the Thomas RickettRickett (car)
Thomas Rickett from Buckingham, England, made a steam powered car in 1860. Several examples made and it was also advertised.Rickett was manager of the Castle Foundry in Buckingham, makers of agricultural implements, who in 1857 also started to make steam engines. In 1858 he combined the two to...
steam car
Steam car
A steam car is a light car powered by a steam engine.Steam locomotives, steam engines capable of propelling themselves along either road or rails, developed around one hundred years earlier than internal combustion engine cars although their weight restricted them to agricultural and heavy haulage...
, an innovative vehicle from 1860, though considered ahead of its time and only two are considered to have been made.
Sport
There are two local footballFootball (soccer)
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball...
teams, a rugby union
Rugby union
Rugby union, often simply referred to as rugby, is a full contact team sport which originated in England in the early 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand...
club including teams for women and young women and a cricket
Cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on an oval-shaped field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the...
club. These are Buckingham Athletic F.C.
Buckingham Athletic F.C.
Buckingham Athletic F.C. are a football club based in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, England. The club was formed in 1933 as Buckingham Juniors , but it was three years before the club entered the Brackley and District League. They joined the Hellenic League Division One in 1965. In the 1998-99...
based at Stratford Fields, Buckingham Town F.C.
Buckingham Town F.C.
Buckingham Town F.C. is an English football club based in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire. The club are currently members of Division One of the United Counties League and play at Ford Meadow.-History:...
based at Ford Meadow, Buckingham Rugby Club
Buckingham Rugby Club
Buckingham Rugby Club was founded in 1933. It is situated approximately one mile north of Buckingham town centre. It caters for ages 7 to adult. It recently underwent extensive pitch improvement with drainage being completely revamped...
based at Floyd Field, Maids Moreton
Maids Moreton
Maids Moreton is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district of northern Buckinghamshire, England. The village is about north of Buckingham. The village is contiguous with the Buckingham urban area and is thus often considered as a suburb....
and Buckingham Town Cricket Club
Buckingham Town Cricket Club
Buckingham Town Cricket Club is a cricket club in Buckingham, England. It was founded in 1870, and started playing its friendly fixtures at Bourton Road, which has been the club's home ever since....
based at Bourton Road. Moretonville Junior Football Club also has boys and girls teams from u7s - u16s.
Saint Rumbold
Anglo-Saxons
Anglo-Saxon is a term used by historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Great Britain beginning in the early 5th century AD, and the period from their creation of the English nation to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon Era denotes the period of...
saint
Saint
A saint is a holy person. In various religions, saints are people who are believed to have exceptional holiness.In Christian usage, "saint" refers to any believer who is "in Christ", and in whom Christ dwells, whether in heaven or in earth...
and the grandson of Penda King of Mercia
Penda of Mercia
Penda was a 7th-century King of Mercia, the Anglo-Saxon kingdom in what is today the English Midlands. A pagan at a time when Christianity was taking hold in many of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, Penda took over the Severn Valley in 628 following the Battle of Cirencester before participating in the...
; the parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....
at Strixton
Strixton
Strixton is a small village in Eastern Northamptonshire that borders the main A509 road between Wellingborough and Milton Keynes.The village borders Grendon and Wollaston...
(Northamptonshire
Northamptonshire
Northamptonshire is a landlocked county in the English East Midlands, with a population of 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with the ceremonial counties of Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east,...
) is dedicated to him and the small northern town of Romaldkirk
Romaldkirk
Romaldkirk is a village in Teesdale, in the Pennines of England. It was historically located in the North Riding of Yorkshire but along with the rest of the former Startforth Rural District it was transferred to County Durham for administrative and ceremonial purposes on 1 April 1974, under the...
is also thought to be named after him. He was apparently born at King's Sutton
King's Sutton
King's Sutton is a village and civil parish in South Northamptonshire, England in the valley of the River Cherwell. The village is about south-east of Banbury, Oxfordshire...
, Northants, where he died just three days later. During his short life, he repeatedly professed his Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
faith and asked for baptism
Baptism
In Christianity, baptism is for the majority the rite of admission , almost invariably with the use of water, into the Christian Church generally and also membership of a particular church tradition...
. He is now most often referred to as St Rumbold,
the latter being the most common, as it can be found being used on a local road name and recent booklets about the subject.
Places of interest
- Buckingham Chantry ChapelBuckingham Chantry ChapelBuckingham Chantry Chapel is a 15th-century chapel located in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, England, and now a National Trust property.The chapel is the oldest building in Buckingham and is noted in particular for its Norman doorway....
(owned by the National TrustNational Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural BeautyThe National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, usually known as the National Trust, is a conservation organisation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland...
) - Buckingham Old Gaol — museum and Tourist Information Centre
- StoweStowe, BuckinghamshireStowe is a civil parish and former village about northwest of Buckingham in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire, England. The parish includes the hamlets of Boycott, Dadford and Lamport....
- Stowe SchoolStowe SchoolStowe School is an independent school in Stowe, Buckinghamshire. It was founded on 11 May 1923 by J. F. Roxburgh, initially with 99 male pupils. It is a member of the Rugby Group and Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. The school is also a member of the G20 Schools Group...
- There is a Confluence pointDegree Confluence ProjectThe Degree Confluence Project is a World Wide Web-based all-volunteer project which aims to have people visit each of the integer degree intersections of latitude and longitude on Earth, posting photographs and a narrative of each visit online. Intersections are defined on the horizontal datum WGS...
on the edge of the town (here), at exactly 52°00′00"N 01°00′00"W
Places of worship
- St Bernardine's Catholic Church, Buckingham http://www.stbernardines.org.uk/
- Buckingham Evangelical Church http://www.buckingham-church.org.uk
- St Peter and St Paul, BuckinghamSt Peter and St Paul, BuckinghamSt Peter & St Paul is the Anglican parish church in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, England. The current rector is Revd Will Pearson-Gee and leads a range of services traditional and modern style, most which are on Sunday...
, Buckingham (Church of EnglandChurch of EnglandThe Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The church considers itself within the tradition of Western Christianity and dates its formal establishment principally to the mission to England by St...
)http://www.buckinghamparishchurch.org.uk/ - Salvation Army, Buckingham http://www1.salvationarmy.org.uk/buckingham
- Well Street United Church, Buckingham (Methodist, Baptist and United Reformed ChurchUnited Reformed ChurchThe United Reformed Church is a Christian church in the United Kingdom. It has approximately 68,000 members in 1,500 congregations with some 700 ministers.-Origins and history:...
) http://www.wellstreetchurch.org.uk
Notable people
- John BercowJohn BercowJohn Simon Bercow is a British politician who has been the Speaker of the House of Commons in the United Kingdom since June 2009. Prior to his election to Speaker he was a member of the Conservative party....
was elected Member of ParliamentMember of ParliamentA Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
for Buckingham in 1997, and since 2009, SpeakerSpeaker (politics)The term speaker is a title often given to the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body. The speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, and the like. The speaker decides who may speak and has the...
of the House of Commons - Gillian BlakeGillian BlakeGillian Blake is a retired British actress who became well known in the early 1970s as Dora in Follyfoot.Blake studied acting at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and began her professional career in the late 1960s. She appeared in the 1969 film, Goodbye Mr. Chips and some other television...
(actress) - George Gilbert ScottGeorge Gilbert ScottSir George Gilbert Scott was an English architect of the Victorian Age, chiefly associated with the design, building and renovation of churches, cathedrals and workhouses...
(architect) - Robert MaxwellRobert MaxwellIan Robert Maxwell MC was a Czechoslovakian-born British media proprietor and former Member of Parliament , who rose from poverty to build an extensive publishing empire...
Member of ParliamentMember of ParliamentA Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
for Buckingham 1964 - 1970 - Craig PickeringCraig PickeringCraig Keith Pickering is an English sprinter, currently based at the Marshall Milton Keynes Athletics Club; however, he also runs for the University of Bath and Newham and Essex Beagles. He is a former student of the Royal Latin School and got pointed in the sprinting direction by his PE teacher...
(Athlete) attended the Royal Latin SchoolRoyal Latin SchoolThe Royal Latin School is a co-educational grammar school in Buckingham, England. In September 2011 the school became an Academy.. It takes children from the age of 11 through to the age of 18 and has over 1260 pupils, including a sixth form of 390 pupils. It maintains a staff of over 160... - David PickeringDavid PickeringFor the Wales international rugby union player see David Pickering David Pickering is an experienced reference books compiler. He has contributed to some 150 reference books, mostly in the areas of the arts, language, local history and popular interest...
(writer) - Browne WillisBrowne WillisBrowne Willis was an antiquary, author, numismatist and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1705 to 1708.-Early life:...
Member of ParliamentMember of ParliamentA Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
for Buckingham 1705 - 1708 - Sam BaldockSam BaldockSamuel Edward T. "Sam" Baldock is an English professional football striker who plays for West Ham United in the Football League Championship....
(footballer) attended the Royal Latin SchoolRoyal Latin SchoolThe Royal Latin School is a co-educational grammar school in Buckingham, England. In September 2011 the school became an Academy.. It takes children from the age of 11 through to the age of 18 and has over 1260 pupils, including a sixth form of 390 pupils. It maintains a staff of over 160... - George BaldockGeorge BaldockGeorge Baldock born in England is a footballer playing as a midfielder on loan for Northampton Town F.C.He made his debut for MK Dons on 8 May 2010 in the Football League One clash with Brighton & Hove Albion at the Stadium:mk which ended in 0–0 draw, coming on as a substitute for Daniel Powell in...
(footballer) attended the Royal Latin SchoolRoyal Latin SchoolThe Royal Latin School is a co-educational grammar school in Buckingham, England. In September 2011 the school became an Academy.. It takes children from the age of 11 through to the age of 18 and has over 1260 pupils, including a sixth form of 390 pupils. It maintains a staff of over 160... - Bernie MarsdenBernie Marsden-External links:*...
(musician) lives in Buckingham. - Wyndham HazeltonWyndham HazeltonEdward Wyndham Hazelton was an English cricketer. Hazelton was a right-handed batsman who bowled both leg break and right-arm medium pace. He was born in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire and educated at Wellingborough School....
(cricketer)
See also
- Buckingham (borough)Buckingham (borough)Buckingham was an ancient borough in England centered around the town of Buckingham in the county of Buckinghamshire, and was first recorded in the 10th century. It was incorporated as a borough in 1553/4 and reformed under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835...
- Buckingham (UK Parliament constituency)Buckingham (UK Parliament constituency)Buckingham is a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election.-Boundaries:...
- Duke of BuckinghamDuke of BuckinghamThe titles Marquess and Duke of Buckingham, referring to Buckingham, have been created several times in the peerages of England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom. There have also been Earls of Buckingham.-1444 creation:...
- Buckingham PalaceBuckingham PalaceBuckingham Palace, in London, is the principal residence and office of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal hospitality...
- Buckingham gave its name to Buckingham Township, Bucks County, PennsylvaniaBuckingham Township, Bucks County, PennsylvaniaBuckingham Township is a township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 20,075 at the 2010 census. Buckingham takes its name from Buckingham in Buckinghamshire known as Bucks County in England...
.