Bumastus
Encyclopedia
Bumastus is an extinct genus
of trilobite
s which existed from the Early Ordovician
period to the Late Silurian
period. They were relatively large trilobites, reaching a length of 6 in (15.2 cm). They were distinctive for their highly globular, smooth-surfaced exoskeleton
. They possessed well-developed, large compound eyes and were believed to have dwelled in shallow-water sediments in life.
Bumastus fossils have been found in North
and South America
, Europe
, Asia
, and Australia
. They are classified under the family
Styginidae in the order
Corynexochida
.
Like all trilobites, the body is divided into three functional segments known as tagmata
(singular: tagma), which in turn are divided into three lobes - the central lobe (axial) and two lateral lobes (pleural). Aside from faint depressions in the thorax
, Bumastus is unusual in that the three lobes are barely discernable from each other. The axial lobe of Bumastus is also very broad in comparison to the pleural lobes.
The cephalon
(head segment) is very large and strongly convex. The facial sutures
(the divisions by which the cephalon splits when the trilobite molts) is opisthoparian, with the suture ending along the hind cephalic margin. The gena
l angles of the cephalon - the edges where the lateral and rear margins of the cephalon meet - are rounded. The cephalon is effaced (smooth and mostly featureless), an evolutionary trend also seen in Illaenus
and Trimerus
, though not as pronounced as that of Bumastus. The glabella (the central lobe of the head) is almost fused to the fixigena.
The thorax has ten narrow segments while the pygidium
(the tail) is smooth and very rounded. It is isopygous - that is, the pygidium is about the same size as the cephalon. The pygidium completely lacks any visible trilobation. It is usually semicircular in shape but can be pointed in some species like B. niagarensis.
The smooth compound eyes are large and peculiarly well-developed. This, along with the rounded contours of their body, suggests that Bumastus may have spent most of its time buried in sediment with its eyes protruding.
The surface of the exoskeleton of most species is studded with minute punctures.
Bumastus could also curl up (known as enrollment) into a ball-like shape. This is believed to indicate that its habitat might have been the shallow waters of the Littoral zone. When waves
wash them out from the sediments it could simply roll up and be carried along. Enrollment protects the softer body parts below the exoskeleton, while the spherical shape offers the least resistance to wave action.
Bumastus is a bottom-dwelling
(nektobenthic) trilobite. It was probably either detritivorous
, feeding on decomposing organic material drifting down in the currents, or carnivorous
.
of the Early Ordovician period to the Ludlow epoch of the Late Silurian period (approximately 478.6 ± 1.7 to 418.7 ± 2.8 million years ago). Their fossil
s can be found worldwide.
Specimens have been recorded from the Silurian of Argentina
, Canada
, the Czech Republic
, Estonia
, Greenland
, Kazakhstan
, Norway
, the Russian Federation, Sweden
, Ukraine
, the United Kingdom
, and the United States
.
They can also be found in the Ordovician formations of Australia
, Canada
, China
, the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation, Spain
, the United States
; with specific occurrences from the Dobrotivian age/stage (Llandeilo age) of China and France
, and the Whiterockian
stage of the United States.
They are typically found in reef limestone
, though they are sometimes found in crinoid
al limestone.
geologist
, Sir Roderick Impey Murchison
in 1839. The type species
, Bumastus barriensis was recovered from the Coalbrookdale
Formation of the Wenlock Group
in England
.
Murchison first believed that the specimens he discovered (including a large 5 in (12.7 cm) by 3.5 in (8.9 cm) specimen) belonged to the genus Isotelus
because of the size, shape, and almost featureless cephalon. But he noted the almost absent trilobation of body and the difference in the number of segments in the thorax (10 in B. barriensis and 8 in Isotelus). He also recognized its close relationship with the genus Illaenus
, but ultimately classified it as a new genus based on the extremely advanced state of effacement in the cephalon of Bumastus.
The genus is so named because of its curious resemblance to a large round grape
. It comes from Latin
būmastus (large grapes that resemble the udder
s of a cow), which in turn came from Greek
βοῦς (bous - cow) and μαστός (mastós - breasts). The word was familiar in the English language
during Murchison's time, being a word encountered in book two of Virgil
's Georgics
.
The specific name of the type species, barriensis, roughly meaning "of Barr", comes from its common name among collectors. It was then known as the "Barr trilobite" referring to the plentiful occurrence of B. barriensis in the limestone formations of Great Barr
, Staffordshire
.
Styginidae by P.A. Jell and J.M. Adrain in 2003, and under the order
Corynexochida
of trilobites by Jack Sepkoski
in 2002.
classified under Bumastus and the countries of their recorded type localities
. The list is incomplete and may be inaccurate.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of trilobite
Trilobite
Trilobites are a well-known fossil group of extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the Atdabanian stage of the Early Cambrian period , and they flourished throughout the lower Paleozoic era before...
s which existed from the Early Ordovician
Ordovician
The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six of the Paleozoic Era, and covers the time between 488.3±1.7 to 443.7±1.5 million years ago . It follows the Cambrian Period and is followed by the Silurian Period...
period to the Late Silurian
Silurian
The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician Period, about 443.7 ± 1.5 Mya , to the beginning of the Devonian Period, about 416.0 ± 2.8 Mya . As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the...
period. They were relatively large trilobites, reaching a length of 6 in (15.2 cm). They were distinctive for their highly globular, smooth-surfaced exoskeleton
Exoskeleton
An exoskeleton is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton of, for example, a human. In popular usage, some of the larger kinds of exoskeletons are known as "shells". Examples of exoskeleton animals include insects such as grasshoppers...
. They possessed well-developed, large compound eyes and were believed to have dwelled in shallow-water sediments in life.
Bumastus fossils have been found in North
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
and South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
, Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
, Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
, and Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
. They are classified under the family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Styginidae in the order
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
Corynexochida
Corynexochida
Corynexochida is an order of trilobite that lived from the Lower Cambrian to the Middle Devonian. Like many of the other trilobite orders, Corynexochida contains many species with widespread characteristics....
.
Description
Bumastus is a large trilobite, reaching a length of 6 in (15.2 cm). The body is oblong-oval, about twice as long as it is wide, It had a strongly convex profile, giving it its distinctive globular appearance.Like all trilobites, the body is divided into three functional segments known as tagmata
Tagma (biology)
In invertebrate biology, a tagma is a specialized grouping of arthropod segments, such as the head, the thorax, and the abdomen with a common function. The segments of a tagma may be either fused or moveable.-Tagmata:...
(singular: tagma), which in turn are divided into three lobes - the central lobe (axial) and two lateral lobes (pleural). Aside from faint depressions in the thorax
Thorax
The thorax is a division of an animal's body that lies between the head and the abdomen.-In tetrapods:...
, Bumastus is unusual in that the three lobes are barely discernable from each other. The axial lobe of Bumastus is also very broad in comparison to the pleural lobes.
The cephalon
Cephalon (arthropod head)
The cephalon is the head section of an arthropod. It is a tagma, i.e., a specialized grouping of arthropod segmentsThe word cephalon derives from the Greek κεφαλή , meaning "head". It is rather used in Trilobite terminology. In insects, head is a preferred term...
(head segment) is very large and strongly convex. The facial sutures
Facial suture (trilobite anatomy)
Facial sutures are sutures in the cephalon of most trilobites, along which the exoskeleton splits during molting.-Description:Facial or Cephalic sutures are the natural fracture lines in the cephalon of trilobites...
(the divisions by which the cephalon splits when the trilobite molts) is opisthoparian, with the suture ending along the hind cephalic margin. The gena
GENA
GENA stands for General Event Notification Architecture.GENA Base defines an HTTP notification architecture that transmits notifications between HTTP resources. An HTTP resource could be any object which might need to send or receive a notification, for example a distribution list, buddy list,...
l angles of the cephalon - the edges where the lateral and rear margins of the cephalon meet - are rounded. The cephalon is effaced (smooth and mostly featureless), an evolutionary trend also seen in Illaenus
Illaenus
Illaenus is a genus of trilobites from Russia and Morocco, from the middle Ordovician.- External links :*http://www.indiana9fossils.com/Trilobites/Russian-Trilobites.htm*http://www.paleoart.com/catalog/382/Illaenus...
and Trimerus
Homalonotidae
Homalonotidae is a family of trilobites that lived from the Ordovician to the Devonian. They are characterised by a shovel-like cephalon , and are closely related to the family Calymenidae.It contains the following genera:*Arduennella...
, though not as pronounced as that of Bumastus. The glabella (the central lobe of the head) is almost fused to the fixigena.
The thorax has ten narrow segments while the pygidium
Pygidium
The pygidium is the posterior body part or shield of crustaceans and some other arthropods, such as insects and the extinct trilobites. It contains the anus and, in females, the ovipositor...
(the tail) is smooth and very rounded. It is isopygous - that is, the pygidium is about the same size as the cephalon. The pygidium completely lacks any visible trilobation. It is usually semicircular in shape but can be pointed in some species like B. niagarensis.
The smooth compound eyes are large and peculiarly well-developed. This, along with the rounded contours of their body, suggests that Bumastus may have spent most of its time buried in sediment with its eyes protruding.
The surface of the exoskeleton of most species is studded with minute punctures.
Paleoecology
The rounded smooth shape of Bumastus, as well as the almost complete effacement of its cephalon, is believed to have been an adaptation for burrowing. The presence of well-developed eyes also suggest that it may have kept them above the substrate by burrowing into sediments backward. They are situated in such a way that they provide the trilobite with a semicircular field of vision on each side, keeping them aware of movements near them.Bumastus could also curl up (known as enrollment) into a ball-like shape. This is believed to indicate that its habitat might have been the shallow waters of the Littoral zone. When waves
Waves and shallow water
When waves travel into areas of shallow water, they begin to be affected by the ocean bottom. The free orbital motion of the water is disrupted, and water particles in orbital motion no longer return to their original position. As the water becomes shallower, the swell becomes higher and steeper,...
wash them out from the sediments it could simply roll up and be carried along. Enrollment protects the softer body parts below the exoskeleton, while the spherical shape offers the least resistance to wave action.
Bumastus is a bottom-dwelling
Bottom feeder
Demersal fish live on or near the bottom of the sea or lakes. They occupy the sea floors and lake beds, which usually consist of mud, sand, gravel or rocks. In coastal waters they are found on or near the continental shelf, and in deep waters they are found on or near the continental slope or along...
(nektobenthic) trilobite. It was probably either detritivorous
Detritivore
Detritivores, also known as detritophages or detritus feeders or detritus eaters or saprophages, are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus . By doing so, they contribute to decomposition and the nutrient cycles...
, feeding on decomposing organic material drifting down in the currents, or carnivorous
Carnivore
A carnivore meaning 'meat eater' is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging...
.
Occurrence
Bumastus existed during the Paleozoic era, from the Arenigian epochEpoch (geology)
An epoch is a subdivision of the geologic timescale based on rock layering. In order, the higher subdivisions are periods, eras and eons. We are currently living in the Holocene epoch...
of the Early Ordovician period to the Ludlow epoch of the Late Silurian period (approximately 478.6 ± 1.7 to 418.7 ± 2.8 million years ago). Their fossil
Fossil
Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past...
s can be found worldwide.
Specimens have been recorded from the Silurian of Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, the Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
, Estonia
Estonia
Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
, Greenland
Greenland
Greenland is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe for...
, Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, the Russian Federation, Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
, Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
, the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, and the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
They can also be found in the Ordovician formations of Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
; with specific occurrences from the Dobrotivian age/stage (Llandeilo age) of China and France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, and the Whiterockian
Whiterock Stage
The Whiterockian, often referred to simply as the Whiterock, is a earliest or lowermost stage of the Middle Ordovician.. Although the Whiterockian or Whiterock Stage refers mainly to the early Middle Ordovician in North America, it is often used in the older literature in a global sense.The...
stage of the United States.
They are typically found in reef limestone
Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate . Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera....
, though they are sometimes found in crinoid
Crinoid
Crinoids are marine animals that make up the class Crinoidea of the echinoderms . Crinoidea comes from the Greek word krinon, "a lily", and eidos, "form". They live both in shallow water and in depths as great as 6,000 meters. Sea lilies refer to the crinoids which, in their adult form, are...
al limestone.
Discovery
Bumastus was first described by the ScottishScotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
geologist
Geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth as well as the processes and history that has shaped it. Geologists usually engage in studying geology. Geologists, studying more of an applied science than a theoretical one, must approach Geology using...
, Sir Roderick Impey Murchison
Roderick Murchison
Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, 1st Baronet KCB DCL FRS FRSE FLS PRGS PBA MRIA was a Scottish geologist who first described and investigated the Silurian system.-Early life and work:...
in 1839. The type species
Type species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...
, Bumastus barriensis was recovered from the Coalbrookdale
Coalbrookdale
Coalbrookdale is a village in the Ironbridge Gorge in Shropshire, England, containing a settlement of great significance in the history of iron ore smelting. This is where iron ore was first smelted by Abraham Darby using easily mined "coking coal". The coal was drawn from drift mines in the sides...
Formation of the Wenlock Group
Wenlock Group
The Wenlock Group , in geology, is the middle series of strata in the Silurian of Great Britain. This group in the typical area in the Welsh border counties contains the following formations: Much Wenlock Limestone Formation, 90–300 ft.; Wenlock Shale, up to 1900 ft.; Woolhope or Barr...
in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
.
Murchison first believed that the specimens he discovered (including a large 5 in (12.7 cm) by 3.5 in (8.9 cm) specimen) belonged to the genus Isotelus
Isotelus
Isotelus is a genus of asaphid trilobite from the middle and upper Ordovician period, fairly common in the Northeastern United States, northwest Manitoba, southwestern Quebec and southeastern Ontario...
because of the size, shape, and almost featureless cephalon. But he noted the almost absent trilobation of body and the difference in the number of segments in the thorax (10 in B. barriensis and 8 in Isotelus). He also recognized its close relationship with the genus Illaenus
Illaenus
Illaenus is a genus of trilobites from Russia and Morocco, from the middle Ordovician.- External links :*http://www.indiana9fossils.com/Trilobites/Russian-Trilobites.htm*http://www.paleoart.com/catalog/382/Illaenus...
, but ultimately classified it as a new genus based on the extremely advanced state of effacement in the cephalon of Bumastus.
The genus is so named because of its curious resemblance to a large round grape
Grape
A grape is a non-climacteric fruit, specifically a berry, that grows on the perennial and deciduous woody vines of the genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten raw or they can be used for making jam, juice, jelly, vinegar, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, molasses and grape seed oil. Grapes are also...
. It comes from Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
būmastus (large grapes that resemble the udder
Udder
An udder is an organ formed of the mammary glands of female quadruped mammals, especially ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep and deer. The udder is a single mass hanging beneath the animal, consisting of pairs of mammary glands...
s of a cow), which in turn came from Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
βοῦς (bous - cow) and μαστός (mastós - breasts). The word was familiar in the English language
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
during Murchison's time, being a word encountered in book two of Virgil
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro, usually called Virgil or Vergil in English , was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues , the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid...
's Georgics
Georgics
The Georgics is a poem in four books, likely published in 29 BC. It is the second major work by the Latin poet Virgil, following his Eclogues and preceding the Aeneid. It is a poem that draws on many prior sources and influenced many later authors from antiquity to the present...
.
The specific name of the type species, barriensis, roughly meaning "of Barr", comes from its common name among collectors. It was then known as the "Barr trilobite" referring to the plentiful occurrence of B. barriensis in the limestone formations of Great Barr
Great Barr
Great Barr is a large and loosely-defined area which straddles the boundaries of Birmingham, West Bromwich and Walsall , West Midlands, England...
, Staffordshire
Staffordshire
Staffordshire is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes, the county is a NUTS 3 region and is one of four counties or unitary districts that comprise the "Shropshire and Staffordshire" NUTS 2 region. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders...
.
Taxonomy
Bumastus is classified under the familyFamily (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Styginidae by P.A. Jell and J.M. Adrain in 2003, and under the order
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
Corynexochida
Corynexochida
Corynexochida is an order of trilobite that lived from the Lower Cambrian to the Middle Devonian. Like many of the other trilobite orders, Corynexochida contains many species with widespread characteristics....
of trilobites by Jack Sepkoski
Jack Sepkoski
J. John Sepkoski Jr., , was a University of Chicago paleontologist. Sepkoski studied the fossil record and the diversity of life on Earth. Sepkoski and David Raup contributed to the knowledge of extinction events...
in 2002.
Species
Listed below are the speciesSpecies
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
classified under Bumastus and the countries of their recorded type localities
Type locality (geology)
Type locality , also called type area or type locale, is the where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit, fossil or mineral species is first identified....
. The list is incomplete and may be inaccurate.
- Bumastus armatus - United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
- Bumastus barriensis - EstoniaEstoniaEstonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
, KazakhstanKazakhstanKazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
, UkraineUkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
, United KingdomUnited KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, United States - Bumastus beckeri - United States
- Bumastus bellmanni - ArgentinaArgentinaArgentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
- Bumastus bouchardi - Czech RepublicCzech RepublicThe Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
, Ukraine - Bumastus chicagoensis - United States
- Bumastus clairensis - United States
- Bumastus cuniculus - United States
- Bumastus cuniculus vieillensis - Canada
- Bumastus dayi - United States
- Bumastus erastusi - Canada
- Bumastus globosus - CanadaCanadaCanada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, United States (synonym?:Illaenus globosus) - Bumastus graftonensis - United States
- Bumastus hornyi - Czech Republic
- Bumastus indeterminatus - Canada
- Bumastus insignis - United KingdomUnited KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, United States - Bumastus ioxus - United States
- Bumastus lenzi - Canada
- Bumastus limbatus - United States
- Bumastus lioderma - United States
- Bumastus milleri - United States
- Bumastus niagarensis - United States
- Bumastus orbicaudatus - Canada, United States
- Bumastus phrix - Estonia, Ukraine, United Kingdom
- Bumastus springfieldensis - United States
- Bumastus sulcatus - SwedenSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
- Bumastus tenuirugosus - Canada
- Bumastus tenuis - United States
- Bumastus transversalis - United States
- Bumastus trentonensis - United States
- Bumastus xestos - Ukraine, United Kingdom