Bytom
Encyclopedia
Bytom AUD is a city
in Silesia
in southern Poland
, near Katowice
. The central-western district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
- metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Bytom is located in the Silesian Highlands
, on the Bytomka river (tributary of the Kłodnica).
The city belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship
since its formation in 1999. Previously it was in Katowice Voivodeship
. Bytom is one of the cities of the 2,7 million conurbation - Katowice urban area
and within a greater Silesian metropolitan area
populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the city is 183,251 (June 2009). Bytom is home of Polonia Bytom
, plays in Ekstraklasa since 2007-2008 season and won it twice in 1954 and in 1962.
depicts a miner mining coal
, while the other half presents a yellow eagle on the blue field - the symbol of Upper Silesia
.
, having been known as Bitom in 1136 and Beuthen since 1440. It received city rights from prince Władysław in 1254 with its first centrally located market square. The city of Bytom benefited economically from its location on a trade route linking Kraków
with Silesia from east to west, and Hungary
with Moravia
and Greater Poland
from north to south. The first Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary was built in 1231. In 1259 Bytom was raided by the Mongols
. The Duchy of Opole was split and in 1281 Bitom became a separate duchy, since 1289 under overlordship and administration by the Kingdom of Bohemia
. Due to German settlers coming to the area, the city was Germanized. It came under control of the Habsburg Monarchy
of Austria
in 1526, which increased the influence of the German language. The city became part of the Kingdom of Prussia
in 1742 during the Silesian Wars
and part of the German Empire
in 1871. In the 19th and the first part of the 20th centuries, the city rapidly grew and industrialized. Before 1939, Beuthen, along with Gleiwitz (now Gliwice
), was at the southeastern tip of German Silesia. During World War II
, the Beuthen Jewish community
was liquidated via the first ever Holocaust transport
to be exterminated at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
In 1945 the city was transferred to Poland as a result of the Potsdam Conference
. Its German
population was largely expelled
by the Polish and Soviet armies, and populated with repatriated Poles
from the eastern provinces annexed by the Soviets, however some indigenous Silesian population remained.
In the post-war period the city did not experience significant investments. Bytom is now a typical Polish post-industrial city. The majority of its coal mines are now closed, while its steel
mills are slowly fading. The city is struggling to transform its economic profile from industry to services. Bytom cooperates with two cities with more or less the same problems: Recklinghausen
in Germany
, and Butte-Silver Bow
, United States
. The city has a considerable unemployment rate which is centered in the poorest part of the city, the Bobrek subdivision.
In 2007, Bytom and its neighbours created the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
, the largest urban center in Poland.
Among Bytom's art galleries are: Galeria Sztuki Użytkowej Stalowe Anioły, Galeria "Rotunda" MBP, Galeria "Suplement", Galeria "Pod Czaplą", Galeria "Platforma", Galeria "Pod Szrtychem", Galeria Sztuki "Od Nowa 2", Galeria SPAP "Plastyka" - Galeria "Kolor", Galeria "Stowarzyszenia.Rewolucja.Art.Pl", and Galeria-herbaciarnia "Fanaberia".
Festivals
origins.
) elected from Bytom/Gliwice/Zabrze constituency
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
in Silesia
Silesia
Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...
in southern Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, near Katowice
Katowice
Katowice is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica and Rawa rivers . Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about north of the Silesian Beskids and about southeast of the Sudetes Mountains.It is the central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 2...
. The central-western district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
The Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia or Upper Silesia Metroplex, Silesia Metroplex / Silesia Metroplex is a union of 14 adjacent cities in the Polish province of Silesia....
- metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Bytom is located in the Silesian Highlands
Silesian Highlands
Silesian Highlands are highlands located in Silesia and Lesser Poland, Poland. It is the part of Lesser Poland Highlands Its highest point is the Mountain of St. Anne .-See also:...
, on the Bytomka river (tributary of the Kłodnica).
The city belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...
since its formation in 1999. Previously it was in Katowice Voivodeship
Katowice Voivodeship
Katowice Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by the Silesian Voivodeship...
. Bytom is one of the cities of the 2,7 million conurbation - Katowice urban area
Katowice urban area
The Katowice urban area, also known as the Upper Silesian urban area, is an urban area/conurbation in southern Poland. It is located in the Silesian Voivodeship and in a small part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The Katowice urban area is the largest urban area in Poland and one of the largest...
and within a greater Silesian metropolitan area
Silesian metropolitan area
The Upper Silesian metropolitan area is the metropolitan area in southern Poland and northeast Czech Republic, centered on the cities of Katowice and Ostrava in Silesia...
populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the city is 183,251 (June 2009). Bytom is home of Polonia Bytom
Polonia Bytom
Polonia Bytom is a Polish football club founded on 4 January 1920 in the Upper Silesian city of Bytom, during the hectic months of the Silesian Uprisings...
, plays in Ekstraklasa since 2007-2008 season and won it twice in 1954 and in 1962.
Coat of arms
One half of the coat of arms of BytomCoat of arms of Bytom
The coat of arms of Bytom is composed of two symbols. Left half of shows a miner digging for smithsonit. It is based on a medieval town council seal. Right half presents yellow eagle on the blue field - the symbol of Upper Silesia....
depicts a miner mining coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
, while the other half presents a yellow eagle on the blue field - the symbol of Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia. Since the 9th century, Upper Silesia has been part of Greater Moravia, the Duchy of Bohemia, the Piast Kingdom of Poland, again of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the Holy Roman Empire, as well as of...
.
History
Bytom is one of the oldest cities of Upper SilesiaUpper Silesia
Upper Silesia is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia. Since the 9th century, Upper Silesia has been part of Greater Moravia, the Duchy of Bohemia, the Piast Kingdom of Poland, again of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the Holy Roman Empire, as well as of...
, having been known as Bitom in 1136 and Beuthen since 1440. It received city rights from prince Władysław in 1254 with its first centrally located market square. The city of Bytom benefited economically from its location on a trade route linking Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
with Silesia from east to west, and Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
with Moravia
Moravia
Moravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region...
and Greater Poland
Greater Poland
Greater Poland or Great Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief city is Poznań.The boundaries of Greater Poland have varied somewhat throughout history...
from north to south. The first Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary was built in 1231. In 1259 Bytom was raided by the Mongols
Mongols
Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
. The Duchy of Opole was split and in 1281 Bitom became a separate duchy, since 1289 under overlordship and administration by the Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia was a country located in the region of Bohemia in Central Europe, most of whose territory is currently located in the modern-day Czech Republic. The King was Elector of Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, whereupon it became part of the Austrian Empire, and...
. Due to German settlers coming to the area, the city was Germanized. It came under control of the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
of Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
in 1526, which increased the influence of the German language. The city became part of the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
in 1742 during the Silesian Wars
Silesian Wars
The Silesian Wars were a series of wars between Prussia and Austria for control of Silesia. They formed parts of the larger War of the Austrian Succession and Seven Years' War. They eventually ended with Silesia being incorporated into Prussia, and Austrian recognition of this...
and part of the German Empire
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
in 1871. In the 19th and the first part of the 20th centuries, the city rapidly grew and industrialized. Before 1939, Beuthen, along with Gleiwitz (now Gliwice
Gliwice
Gliwice is a city in Upper Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Gliwice is the west district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union – a metropolis with a population of 2 million...
), was at the southeastern tip of German Silesia. During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the Beuthen Jewish community
Beuthen Jewish Community
Beuthen Jewish Community was one of twenty-five Jewish communities of the district of Oppeln, established in the city of Beuthen with a Jewish primary school supported by the city, a religious school, 13 charitable societies, and 4 institutions, prior to German invasion of Poland in World War II....
was liquidated via the first ever Holocaust transport
Holocaust trains
The Holocaust trains were railway transports run by German Nazis and their collaborators to forcibly deport interned Jews and other victims of the Holocaust to the German Nazi concentration and extermination camps....
to be exterminated at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
In 1945 the city was transferred to Poland as a result of the Potsdam Conference
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 16 July to 2 August 1945. Participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States...
. Its German
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
population was largely expelled
Expulsion of Germans after World War II
The later stages of World War II, and the period after the end of that war, saw the forced migration of millions of German nationals and ethnic Germans from various European states and territories, mostly into the areas which would become post-war Germany and post-war Austria...
by the Polish and Soviet armies, and populated with repatriated Poles
Repatriation of Poles
Repatriation of Poles can refer to:*Repatriation of Poles *Repatriation of Poles...
from the eastern provinces annexed by the Soviets, however some indigenous Silesian population remained.
In the post-war period the city did not experience significant investments. Bytom is now a typical Polish post-industrial city. The majority of its coal mines are now closed, while its steel
Steel
Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten...
mills are slowly fading. The city is struggling to transform its economic profile from industry to services. Bytom cooperates with two cities with more or less the same problems: Recklinghausen
Recklinghausen
Recklinghausen is the northernmost city in the Ruhr-Area and the capital of the Recklinghausen district. It borders the rural Münsterland and is characterized by large fields and farms in the north and industry in the south...
in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, and Butte-Silver Bow
Butte, Montana
Butte is a city in Montana and the county seat of Silver Bow County, United States. In 1977, the city and county governments consolidated to form the sole entity of Butte-Silver Bow. As of the 2010 census, Butte's population was 34,200...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The city has a considerable unemployment rate which is centered in the poorest part of the city, the Bobrek subdivision.
Economy
Trade is one of main pillars of the economy of Bytom. Being the city with long traditions of commercial trade, Bytom is well fulfilling its new postindustrial role. In the centre of Bytom, and mainly around the Station street and the Market Square, there is the biggest concentration of registered shop owners operating in the county. In spring of 2010, 60 metres from the Market Square - on a new square between the square of Kościuszko and Jainty, Piekarska and Dzieci Lwowskich streets - a new commercial and entertainment centre called "Agora" opened, built by the Scandinavian company Braaten&Pedersen. Once completed, it was to be purchased for 263 million zloty by the British company First Property Group. Moreover, 3 other new shopping centres and 3 hypermarkets operate in Bytom.In 2007, Bytom and its neighbours created the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union
The Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia or Upper Silesia Metroplex, Silesia Metroplex / Silesia Metroplex is a union of 14 adjacent cities in the Polish province of Silesia....
, the largest urban center in Poland.
Culture
Bytom's cultural venues include:- Silesian OperaSilesian OperaSilesian Opera is an opera company in Bytom, Silesia, Poland which was founded in 1945. It has its home at the former City Theatre, which was built between 1898-1901. Adamo Didur was the first artistic director.-External links:*...
- ul. Moniuszki 21/23 - Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna (Town's Public Library)
- Silesian Dance Theatre
- Bytomskie Centrum Kultury (Bytom Cultural Centre)
- Kronika - Center of modern art
- City Choir of St. Grzegorz Wielki
Festivals
- Annual International Contemporary Dance Conference and Performance Festival
- Theatromania - Theatre Festival
- Bytom Literary Autumn
- Festival of New Music
Education
- The list of Bytom universities includes:
- Silesian University of TechnologySilesian University of TechnologySilesian University of Technology is a university located in Gliwice, Silesia, Poland. It was founded in 1945 by Polish professors of the Lwow Polytechnic, who were forced to leave their native city and move to the Recovered Territories .The Silesian University of Technology has 12...
- Faculty of Transport - Medical University of SilesiaMedical University of SilesiaThe Medical University of Silesia is located in Katowice, Poland. Established on March 20, 1948, it is reportedly the largest Medical school in Poland....
- Polish Japanese Institute of Information Technology
- Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomii i Administracji
- Silesian University of Technology
- Secondary schools:
- I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Jana Smolenia
- IV Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Bolesława Chrobrego
- 21 other secondary schools
The Confederation of Silesia
Bytom is a place where The Confederation of Silesia - Polish BonapartistsBonapartism
Bonapartism is often defined as a political expression in the vocabulary of Marxism and Leninism, deriving from the career of Napoleon Bonaparte. Karl Marx was a student of Jacobinism and the French Revolution as well as a contemporary critic of the Second Republic and Second Empire...
origins.
Bytom/Gliwice/Zabrze constituency
Members of 2001-2005 Parliament (SejmSejm
The Sejm is the lower house of the Polish parliament. The Sejm is made up of 460 deputies, or Poseł in Polish . It is elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the Marshal of the Sejm ....
) elected from Bytom/Gliwice/Zabrze constituency
- Jan Chojnacki, SLD-UP
- Stanisław Dulias, Samoobrona
- Andrzej Gałażewski, PO
- Ewa Janik, SLD-UP
- Józef Kubica, SLD-UP
- Wacław Martyniuk, SLD-UP
- Wiesław Okoński, SLD-UP
- Wojciech Szarama, PiS
- Krystyna Szumilas, PO
- Marek Widuch, SLD-UP
Notable people
- Grzegorz Gerwazy GorczyckiGrzegorz Gerwazy GorczyckiGrzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki was a Polish Baroque composer.-Life:Born in Rossberg near Beuthen in Silesia around 1665, little is known of his early life...
(1665?-1734), PolishPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
composer and musician - Heinrich Schulz-BeuthenHeinrich Schülz-BeuthenHeinrich Donatien Wilhelm Schulz-Beuthen was a composer of the high Romantic era.-Life:...
(1838-1915), GermanGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
composer - Ernst GauppErnst GauppErnst Wilhelm Theodor Gaupp was a German anatomist from Beuthen in Upper Silesia . He studied natural sciences and medicine in Jena, Königsberg and Breslau, where he received his doctorate in 1889...
(1865–1916), German anatomist - Adolf KoberAdolf KoberAdolf Kober was a rabbi and a historian.- Life :Kober studied History, Philosophy and Oriental Languages at the University of Wrocław and received a PhD there in 1903 with a thesis on the medieval history of the Jews in Cologne...
(1879–1958), rabbiRabbiIn Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word רבי , meaning "My Master" , which is the way a student would address a master of Torah...
and historian - Maximilian KallerMaximilian KallerMaximilian Kaller was Roman Catholic Bishop of Ermland in East Prussia from 1930–1947, however, de facto expelled since mid-August 1945 he served as special bishop for the homeland-expellees until his death.-Early life:...
(1880–1947), bishop of Warmia (German: Ermland) - Max TauMax TauMax Tau was a German-Norwegian writer, editor, and publisher noted for his contribution to promoting literary exchange between Germany and Norway, especially in the context of reconciliation after World War II.-Biography:...
(1897–1976), Jewish-German-Norwegian writer, editor and publisher - Henry J. LeirHenry J. LeirHenry J. Leir was an American industrialist, financier, and philanthropist. He is primarily known for his role in the post-World War II economic development of Luxembourg.-Early life and career:...
(1900–1998), American industrialist, financier, and philanthropist - Michał Matyas (1910–1975), Polish footballer and football manager
- Józef KachelJózef KachelJózef Kachel was a Polish Boy Scouts Scoutmaster in Germany, a member of the Communist Party, and a Member of the Polish Parliament- Biography :...
(1913–1983), head of the pre-warWorld War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
Polish Scouting Association in Germany - Leo Scheffczyk (1920–2005), German theologian and cardinal
- Haim YavinHaim YavinHaim Yavin , is an Israeli television anchor and documentary filmmaker. He was one of Israel's leading news presenters, associated with the job for so many decades that he was known as "Mr. Television."-Biography:...
(born 1932), Israeli news anchor - Edward SzymkowiakEdward SzymkowiakEdward Józef Szymkowiak was a Polish footballer - one of the best Polish goalkeepers in history.He played for such a clubs like Ruch Chorzów and Legia Warszawa, but most of his career he spent in Polonia Bytom. He is one of the legend of that club. The stadium of Polonia Bytom is called by his name...
(1932–1990), Polish footballer, goalkeeper of Polonia BytomPolonia BytomPolonia Bytom is a Polish football club founded on 4 January 1920 in the Upper Silesian city of Bytom, during the hectic months of the Silesian Uprisings...
and Polish national team - Józef SzmidtJózef SzmidtJózef Szmidt is a former Polish athlete. Having German roots, he is often referred to by the Germanized name Jozef Schmidt....
(*1935), Polish triple jumper - Jan LiberdaJan LiberdaJan Konrad Liberda is a retired Polish football forward. Liberda played mostly for one team, Polonia Bytom, where he remained since 1949, until in 1969. He ended his career in 1971 at AZ. He twice was the topscorer of the Ekstraklasa, in 1959 with 21 goals, and in 1962 with 16 goals. Also, in...
(*1936), Polish footballer - Wiesław Ochman (*1937), Polish opera singer
- Jan DrabinaJan DrabinaProf. Dr. Hab. Jan Drabina is Polish historian, professor at the Jagiellonian University.He graduated from the Jagiellonian University in 1964 and gained a Ph.D. from the University of Silesia in 1969. In 1993 Drabina gained the title of professor...
(*1939), Polish historian - Jan BanaśJan BanasJan Banaś , nicknamed Bubi, is a Polish footballer, who began his career as a youngster playing for AKS Mikołów before moving to play for Zryw Chorzów in 1959-62, and then for Polonia Bytom and Górnik Zabrze...
(*1943), Polish footballer - Walter WinklerWalter WinklerWalter Winkler is a former Polish football player.He played 23 times for Poland.-References:*...
(*1943), Polish footballer - Zygmunt AnczokZygmunt AnczokZygmunt Józef Anczok is a former Polish footballer who played as a left-sided defender, who was an Olympic champion for Poland in the 1972 Summer Olympics....
(*1946), Polish footballer - Jerzy KonikowskiJerzy KonikowskiJerzy Konikowski a Polish–German chess master, problemist and author.He was a Polish national team trainer in 1978–1981 . In 1981, he emigrated to West Germany. Since 1982, he work at the Dortmund University of Technology as a chemist...
(*1947), chess player - Leszek EngelkingLeszek EngelkingLeszek Engelking - Polish poet, short-story writer, critic, essayist, scholar, and translator....
(*1955), Polish poetPoetA poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
, writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
, translatorTranslationTranslation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. Whereas interpreting undoubtedly antedates writing, translation began only after the appearance of written literature; there exist partial translations of the Sumerian Epic of...
and scholar - Waldemar LegieńWaldemar LegienWaldemar Legień is a retired Polish judoka. He is the manager of Racing Club de France in Paris.He won two Olympic gold medals in different weight classes, in 1988 and 1992.For his sport achievements, he received:...
(*1963), Polish judoka, Olympic champion from Seoul and Barcelona - Paul FreierPaul FreierPaul Freier is a German football player who plays as a midfielder for VfL Bochum, usually employed on the right wing...
(*1979), German footballer - Gosia AndrzejewiczGosia AndrzejewiczGosia Andrzejewicz is a Polish pop singer.Gosia has won over 30 singing contest awards and has two gold records in Poland, for albums Gosia Andrzejewicz Plus and Lustro . Her biggest hits are "Pozwól żyć", "Słowa" and "Trochę ciepła"...
(*1984), Polish pop singer