Camille Chautemps
Encyclopedia
Camille Chautemps was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic
, three times President of the Council
(Prime Minister).
in 1912, and a Radical deputy in 1919. Between 1924 and 1926, he served in the center-left coalition government
s of Édouard Herriot
, Paul Painlevé
and Aristide Briand
, and became President of the Council briefly in 1930. Again in center-left governments in 1932–1934, he served as Interior Minister, and became Prime Minister again in November 1933. His government fell and he resigned his posts on 27 January 1934 as a result of the corrupt Stavisky Affair
, when the press accused him of having Stavisky murdered to shut him up.
In Léon Blum
's Popular Front
government of 1936, Chautemps was a Minister of State
, and then succeeded Blum at the head of the government from June 1937 to March 1938. During this period the Franc was devalued but government finances remained in a mess. Pursuing the program of the Popular Front, he proceeded to nationalize the railroads and create the SNCF
. However in January 1938 Chautempts drove the Socialists out of his government. In February he granted married women financial and legal independence, (up until that point, wives had been dependent on their husbands to take action involving family finances), to enrol in university, and to open bank accounts. His government also repealed Article 213 of the code, which stated "the husband owes protection to his wife, the wife obedience to the husband", though the husband remained "head of the household", with "the right to choose the household’s place of residence"). His government fell on 10 March.
Chautemps subsequently served from April 1938 to May 1940 as Deputy Premier in the governments of Édouard Daladier
and Paul Reynaud
, and, after the latter's resignation, as Deputy Premier again, this time to Marshal Philippe Pétain
. France having declared war on Germany in September 1939, in May 1940 the German Army invaded and swept aside all opposition. With the fall of Dunkirk on 5 June and the defeat of the French army imminent, Chautempts, dining with Paul Baudouin on the 8th, declared that the war must be ended, and that it was Pétain who saw the position clearest. On the 11th, during a Cabinet meeting, Chatempts suggested that Churchill be invited to come back to France to discuss the hopeless situation. The Cabinet met again on the 14th, almost evenly split on the question of an Armistice with Germany. Chautempts now suggested, in order to break the deadlock, that they should get a neutral authority to enquire what the German terms would be. If honourable, they could agree to study them. If not, they could all agree to fight on. It was voted through by 13 to 6. Soon after, General de Gaulle
, now in London, telephoned Reynaud to give him the British Government's offer of joint nationality for Frenchmen and Englishmen in a Franco-British Union. A delighted Reynaud put it to a stormy cabinet meeting and was supported by five of his ministers. Most of the others were persuaded against him by the arguments of Pétain, Chautemps, and Ybarnégaray, the latter two seeing the offer as a device to make France subservient to Great Britain, as a kind of extra Dominion. Georges Mandel
(who had a Jewish background) was flinging accusations of cowardice around the room, and Chautemps and others replied in kind. It was now clear that Reynaud would not accept the Chautemps Proposal, and he resigned.
Chautemps broke with Philippe Petain's Government of France after arriving in the United States on an official mission, and lived there for much of the rest of his life. After World War II, a French court convicted him in absentia for collaborating with the enemy).
Changes
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France...
, three times President of the Council
Prime Minister of France
The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
(Prime Minister).
Career
Described as "intellectually bereft", Chautemps nevertheless entered politics and became Mayor of ToursTours
Tours is a city in central France, the capital of the Indre-et-Loire department.It is located on the lower reaches of the river Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Touraine, the region around Tours, is known for its wines, the alleged perfection of its local spoken French, and for the...
in 1912, and a Radical deputy in 1919. Between 1924 and 1926, he served in the center-left coalition government
Coalition government
A coalition government is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several political parties cooperate. The usual reason given for this arrangement is that no party on its own can achieve a majority in the parliament...
s of Édouard Herriot
Édouard Herriot
Édouard Marie Herriot was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as Prime Minister and for many years as President of the Chamber of Deputies....
, Paul Painlevé
Paul Painlevé
Paul Painlevé was a French mathematician and politician. He served twice as Prime Minister of the Third Republic: 12 September – 13 November 1917 and 17 April – 22 November 1925.-Early life:Painlevé was born in Paris....
and Aristide Briand
Aristide Briand
Aristide Briand was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic and received the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize.- Early life :...
, and became President of the Council briefly in 1930. Again in center-left governments in 1932–1934, he served as Interior Minister, and became Prime Minister again in November 1933. His government fell and he resigned his posts on 27 January 1934 as a result of the corrupt Stavisky Affair
Stavisky Affair
The Stavisky Affair was a 1934 financial scandal generated by the actions of embezzler Alexandre Stavisky. It had political ramifications for the French Radical Socialist moderate government of the day...
, when the press accused him of having Stavisky murdered to shut him up.
In Léon Blum
Léon Blum
André Léon Blum was a French politician, usually identified with the moderate left, and three times the Prime Minister of France.-First political experiences:...
's Popular Front
Popular Front (France)
The Popular Front was an alliance of left-wing movements, including the French Communist Party , the French Section of the Workers' International and the Radical and Socialist Party, during the interwar period...
government of 1936, Chautemps was a Minister of State
Minister of State
Minister of State is a title borne by politicians or officials in certain countries governed under a parliamentary system. In some countries a "minister of state" is a junior minister, who is assigned to assist a specific cabinet minister...
, and then succeeded Blum at the head of the government from June 1937 to March 1938. During this period the Franc was devalued but government finances remained in a mess. Pursuing the program of the Popular Front, he proceeded to nationalize the railroads and create the SNCF
SNCF
The SNCF , is France's national state-owned railway company. SNCF operates the country's national rail services, including the TGV, France's high-speed rail network...
. However in January 1938 Chautempts drove the Socialists out of his government. In February he granted married women financial and legal independence, (up until that point, wives had been dependent on their husbands to take action involving family finances), to enrol in university, and to open bank accounts. His government also repealed Article 213 of the code, which stated "the husband owes protection to his wife, the wife obedience to the husband", though the husband remained "head of the household", with "the right to choose the household’s place of residence"). His government fell on 10 March.
Chautemps subsequently served from April 1938 to May 1940 as Deputy Premier in the governments of Édouard Daladier
Édouard Daladier
Édouard Daladier was a French Radical politician and the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.-Career:Daladier was born in Carpentras, Vaucluse. Later, he would become known to many as "the bull of Vaucluse" because of his thick neck and large shoulders and determined...
and Paul Reynaud
Paul Reynaud
Paul Reynaud was a French politician and lawyer prominent in the interwar period, noted for his stances on economic liberalism and militant opposition to Germany. He was the penultimate Prime Minister of the Third Republic and vice-president of the Democratic Republican Alliance center-right...
, and, after the latter's resignation, as Deputy Premier again, this time to Marshal Philippe Pétain
Philippe Pétain
Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain , generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain , was a French general who reached the distinction of Marshal of France, and was later Chief of State of Vichy France , from 1940 to 1944...
. France having declared war on Germany in September 1939, in May 1940 the German Army invaded and swept aside all opposition. With the fall of Dunkirk on 5 June and the defeat of the French army imminent, Chautempts, dining with Paul Baudouin on the 8th, declared that the war must be ended, and that it was Pétain who saw the position clearest. On the 11th, during a Cabinet meeting, Chatempts suggested that Churchill be invited to come back to France to discuss the hopeless situation. The Cabinet met again on the 14th, almost evenly split on the question of an Armistice with Germany. Chautempts now suggested, in order to break the deadlock, that they should get a neutral authority to enquire what the German terms would be. If honourable, they could agree to study them. If not, they could all agree to fight on. It was voted through by 13 to 6. Soon after, General de Gaulle
Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President from 1959 to 1969....
, now in London, telephoned Reynaud to give him the British Government's offer of joint nationality for Frenchmen and Englishmen in a Franco-British Union. A delighted Reynaud put it to a stormy cabinet meeting and was supported by five of his ministers. Most of the others were persuaded against him by the arguments of Pétain, Chautemps, and Ybarnégaray, the latter two seeing the offer as a device to make France subservient to Great Britain, as a kind of extra Dominion. Georges Mandel
Georges Mandel
Georges Mandel was a French politician, journalist, and French Resistance leader.-Biography:Born Louis George Rothschild in Chatou, Yvelines, was the son of a tailor...
(who had a Jewish background) was flinging accusations of cowardice around the room, and Chautemps and others replied in kind. It was now clear that Reynaud would not accept the Chautemps Proposal, and he resigned.
Chautemps broke with Philippe Petain's Government of France after arriving in the United States on an official mission, and lived there for much of the rest of his life. After World War II, a French court convicted him in absentia for collaborating with the enemy).
Chautemps's First Ministry, 21 February – 2 March 1930
- Camille Chautemps (Radical) – President of the Council and Minister of the Interior
- Aristide BriandAristide BriandAristide Briand was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic and received the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize.- Early life :...
(PRSRepublican-Socialist PartyThe Republican-Socialist Party was a French socialist political party during the French Third Republic, founded in 1911 and dissolved in 1934. It was founded by socialists who refused to join the SFIO founded in 1905. The PRS was a non-Marxist "reformist socialist" party located between the SFIO...
) – Minister of Foreign Affairs - René Besnard (Radical) – Minister of War
- Charles Dumont (AD) – Minister of Finance
- Maurice PalmadeMaurice PalmadeMaurice Palmade was a French politician. He belonged to the Radical Party. Before World War II, he had been a Member of Parliament. He has been 3 times the Budget minister of France....
(Radical) – Minister of Budget - Louis LoucheurLouis LoucheurLouis Loucheur was a French politician in the Third Republic, at first a member of the conservative Republican Federation, then of the Democratic Republican Alliance and of the Independent Radicals.-Life:Coming from a background in the arms industry, Loucheur became Minister of Munitions in...
(RIIndependent RadicalsThe Independent Radicals were a center-right French political current during the French Third Republic, which refused the Radical-Socialist Party's alliance to the Left. It was formed after the fall of the first Cartel des gauches, in 1926. Starting in 1928, the group of the Independent Radicals...
) – Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions - Théodore SteegThéodore SteegThéodore Steeg was a French politician of the Third Republic, deputy of the Seine from 1906 to 1914 and senator of the same department from 1914 to 1940....
(Radical) – Minister of Justice - Albert SarrautAlbert SarrautAlbert-Pierre Sarraut was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic.Sarraut was born in Bordeaux, Gironde, France.He was Governor-General of French Indochina, from 1912 to 1919....
(Radical) – Minister of Marine - Charles Daniélou (RIIndependent RadicalsThe Independent Radicals were a center-right French political current during the French Third Republic, which refused the Radical-Socialist Party's alliance to the Left. It was formed after the fall of the first Cartel des gauches, in 1926. Starting in 1928, the group of the Independent Radicals...
) – Minister of Merchant Marine - Laurent EynacLaurent EynacLaurent Eynac was a French politician who was appointed Minister of Transportation on 7 June 1935 until 24 January 1936.He was born in Le Monastier-sur-Gazeille, Haute-Loire.-References:...
(RIIndependent RadicalsThe Independent Radicals were a center-right French political current during the French Third Republic, which refused the Radical-Socialist Party's alliance to the Left. It was formed after the fall of the first Cartel des gauches, in 1926. Starting in 1928, the group of the Independent Radicals...
) – Minister of Air - Jean Durand (Radical) – Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
- Claudius Gallet – Minister of Pensions
- Henri QueuilleHenri QueuilleHenri Queuille was a French Radical politician prominent in the Third and Fourth Republics. After World War II, he served three times as Prime Minister.He was the son of a noblewoman.-First ministry :...
(Radical) – Minister of Agriculture - Lucien LamoureuxLucien Lamoureux (France)Lucien Lamoureux was a French politician. He a belonged to the Radical Party. At various times in the 1930s, he was the French Minister of Colonies, Work, Trade, and Budget....
(Radical) – Minister of Colonies - Édouard DaladierÉdouard DaladierÉdouard Daladier was a French Radical politician and the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.-Career:Daladier was born in Carpentras, Vaucluse. Later, he would become known to many as "the bull of Vaucluse" because of his thick neck and large shoulders and determined...
(Radical) – Minister of Public Works - Julien Durand (Radical) – Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones
- Georges BonnetGeorges BonnetNot to be confused with the French Socialist Georges MonnetGeorges-Étienne Bonnet was a French politician and leading figure in the Radical-Socialist Party.- Early career :...
(Radical) – Minister of Commerce and Industry
Chautemps's Second Ministry, 26 November 1933 – 30 January 1934
- Camille Chautemps – President of the Council and Minister of the Interior – Radical Socialist Party
- Joseph Paul-BoncourJoseph Paul-BoncourAugustin Alfred Joseph Paul-Boncour was a French politician of the Third Republic.-Career:Born in Saint-Aignan, Loir-et-Cher, Paul-Boncour received a law degree from the University of Paris and became active in the labor movement, organizing the legal council of the Bourses du Travail...
– Minister of Foreign Affairs - Édouard DaladierÉdouard DaladierÉdouard Daladier was a French Radical politician and the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.-Career:Daladier was born in Carpentras, Vaucluse. Later, he would become known to many as "the bull of Vaucluse" because of his thick neck and large shoulders and determined...
– Minister of War - Georges BonnetGeorges BonnetNot to be confused with the French Socialist Georges MonnetGeorges-Étienne Bonnet was a French politician and leading figure in the Radical-Socialist Party.- Early career :...
– Minister of Finance - Paul MarchandeauPaul MarchandeauPaul Marchandeau was a French politician. He was awarded the Croix de guerre and the Légion d'honneur, for his actions during World War I. From 1925 until 1942, he was the mayor of Reims...
– Minister of Budget - Lucien Lamoureux – Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
- Eugène Raynaldy – Minister of Justice
- Albert SarrautAlbert SarrautAlbert-Pierre Sarraut was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic.Sarraut was born in Bordeaux, Gironde, France.He was Governor-General of French Indochina, from 1912 to 1919....
– Minister of Marine - Eugène Frot – Minister of Merchant Marine
- Pierre CotPierre Cot.Pierre Cot , French politician, was a leading figure in the Popular Front government of the 1930s...
– Minister of Air - Anatole de MonzieAnatole de MonzieAnatole de Monzie was a French administrator, encyclopaedist , political figure and scholar. His father was a tax collector in Bazas, Gironde where Anatole - a name he disliked from an early age - was born in 1876...
– Minister of National Education - Hippolyte Ducos – Minister of Pensions
- Henri QueuilleHenri QueuilleHenri Queuille was a French Radical politician prominent in the Third and Fourth Republics. After World War II, he served three times as Prime Minister.He was the son of a noblewoman.-First ministry :...
– Minister of Agriculture - Albert Dalimier – Minister of Colonies
- Joseph Paganon – Minister of Public Works
- Alexandre Israël – Minister of Public Health
- Jean MistlerJean MistlerJean Mistler was a French writer born in Sorèze, Tarn. In 1966 he was elected to the Académie Française.Mistler, whose father's family had left Alsace in 1871, did his schooling in Sorèze, before preparing for the entrance examination of the Ecole Nationale Supérieure at the Lycée Henri IV, where...
– Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones - Laurent EynacLaurent EynacLaurent Eynac was a French politician who was appointed Minister of Transportation on 7 June 1935 until 24 January 1936.He was born in Le Monastier-sur-Gazeille, Haute-Loire.-References:...
– Minister of Commerce and Industry
Changes
- 9 January 1934 – Lucien Lamoureux succeeds Dalimier as Minister of Colonies. Eugène Frot succeeds Lamoureux as Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions. William Bertrand succeeds Frot as Minister of Merchant Marine.
Chautemps's Third Ministry, 22 June 1937 – 18 January 1938
- Camille Chautemps – President of the Council – Radical Socialist Party
- Léon BlumLéon BlumAndré Léon Blum was a French politician, usually identified with the moderate left, and three times the Prime Minister of France.-First political experiences:...
– Vice President of the Council – French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) - Yvon DelbosYvon DelbosYvon Delbos was a French Radical-Socialist Party politician and minister.Delbos was born in Thonac, Dordogne, Aquitaine, entered a career as a journalist, and became a member of the Radical-Socialist Party...
– Minister of Foreign Affairs – Radical Socialist Party - Édouard DaladierÉdouard DaladierÉdouard Daladier was a French Radical politician and the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.-Career:Daladier was born in Carpentras, Vaucluse. Later, he would become known to many as "the bull of Vaucluse" because of his thick neck and large shoulders and determined...
– Minister of National Defense and War – Radical Socialist Party - Marx DormoyMarx DormoyMarx Dormoy was a French socialist politician, noted for his opposition to the far right.-Early career:Born in Montluçon, he was elected mayor of his native town in 1926, and representative of the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière to the French National Assembly in 1931 for the Allier...
– Minister of the Interior – SFIO - Georges BonnetGeorges BonnetNot to be confused with the French Socialist Georges MonnetGeorges-Étienne Bonnet was a French politician and leading figure in the Radical-Socialist Party.- Early career :...
– Minister of Finance – Radical Socialist Party - André Février – Minister of Labour – SFIO
- Vincent AuriolVincent AuriolVincent Jules Auriol was a French politician who served as the first President of the Fourth Republic from 1947 to 1954. He also served as interim President of the Provisional Government from November to December 1946, making him one of only three people who were heads of state of the French...
– Minister of Justice – SFIO - César CampinchiCésar CampinchiCésar Campinchi was a lawyer and French statesman in the beginning of the 20th century....
– Minister of Marine – Radical Socialist Party - Pierre CotPierre Cot.Pierre Cot , French politician, was a leading figure in the Popular Front government of the 1930s...
– Minister of Air – Radical Socialist Party - Jean ZayJean ZayJean Zay is a French politician born in Orléans on 6 August 1904 and assassinated 20 June 1944 by the miliciens in Molles . He was the Minister of National Education and Fine Arts from 1936 until 1939....
– Minister of National Education – Radical Socialist Party - Albert Rivière – Minister of Pensions – SFIO
- Georges MonnetGeorges MonnetNot to be confused with the French wartime foreign minister Georges BonnetGeorges Monnet was a prominent socialist politician in 1930s France and a member of Paul Reynaud's war cabinet as Minister of Blockade. Preceding that, he was Minister of Agriculture in Léon Blum's government...
– Minister of Agriculture – Radical Socialist Party - Marius Moutet – Minister of Colonies – SFIO
- Henri QueuilleHenri QueuilleHenri Queuille was a French Radical politician prominent in the Third and Fourth Republics. After World War II, he served three times as Prime Minister.He was the son of a noblewoman.-First ministry :...
– Minister of Public Works – Radical Socialist Party - Marc Rucart – Minister of Public Health – Radical Socialist Party
- Jean-Baptiste Lebas – Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones – SFIO
- Fernand Chapsal – Minister of Commerce
- Paul FaurePaul Faure (socialist)Paul Faure was a French politician, one of the leaders of the French Section of the Workers' International between the two wars...
– Minister of State – SFIO - Maurice ViolletteMaurice ViolletteMaurice Viollette was a French statesman.He was chief-of-staff for Alexandre Millerand in the Waldeck-Rousseau government in 1898, and was elected as a député for Eure-et-Loir in 1902 and as mayor of Dreux from 1908–1959.He acted as Transport and Supply Minister in 1917, Governor General of...
– Minister of State – usrUSRUSR may refer to:*U.S. Robotics, a technology firm*/usr, directory in Unix systems. See Filesystem Hierarchy Standard*Ultrafast shape recognition*A variant of the Steyr AUG... - Albert SarrautAlbert SarrautAlbert-Pierre Sarraut was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic.Sarraut was born in Bordeaux, Gironde, France.He was Governor-General of French Indochina, from 1912 to 1919....
– Minister of State – Radical Socialist Party - Léo LagrangeLéo LagrangeLéo Lagrange was a French Under-Secretary of State for Sports and for the Organisation of Leisure during the Popular Front...
– Under-Secretary of State for the Sports, the Leisure activities and the Physical Education -i.e. acting like Minister for the Sports- – SFIO
Chautemps's Fourth Ministry, 18 January – 13 March 1938
- Camille Chautemps – President of the Council – Radical Socialist Party
- Édouard DaladierÉdouard DaladierÉdouard Daladier was a French Radical politician and the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.-Career:Daladier was born in Carpentras, Vaucluse. Later, he would become known to many as "the bull of Vaucluse" because of his thick neck and large shoulders and determined...
– Vice President of the Council and Minister of National Defense and War - Yvon DelbosYvon DelbosYvon Delbos was a French Radical-Socialist Party politician and minister.Delbos was born in Thonac, Dordogne, Aquitaine, entered a career as a journalist, and became a member of the Radical-Socialist Party...
– Minister of Foreign Affairs - Albert SarrautAlbert SarrautAlbert-Pierre Sarraut was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic.Sarraut was born in Bordeaux, Gironde, France.He was Governor-General of French Indochina, from 1912 to 1919....
– Minister of the Interior - Paul MarchandeauPaul MarchandeauPaul Marchandeau was a French politician. He was awarded the Croix de guerre and the Légion d'honneur, for his actions during World War I. From 1925 until 1942, he was the mayor of Reims...
– Minister of Finance - Paul RamadierPaul RamadierPaul Ramadier was a prominent French politician of the Third and Fourth Republics. Mayor of Decazeville starting in 1919, he served as the first Prime Minister of the Fourth Republic in 1947. On 10 July 1940, he voted against the granting of the full powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain, who...
– Minister of Labour - César CampinchiCésar CampinchiCésar Campinchi was a lawyer and French statesman in the beginning of the 20th century....
– Minister of Justice - William Bertrand – Minister of Military Marine
- Paul Elbel – Minister of Merchant Marine
- Guy La ChambreGuy La ChambreGuy La Chambre was a French politician.He was born in Paris on 5 June 1898 into a prosperous family with roots in Brittany. His father, Charles La Chambre served in the Chamber of Deputies representing Ille-et-Vilaine from 1902 to 1906, and Guy's grandfather Charles-Emile also served in that...
– Minister of Air - Jean ZayJean ZayJean Zay is a French politician born in Orléans on 6 August 1904 and assassinated 20 June 1944 by the miliciens in Molles . He was the Minister of National Education and Fine Arts from 1936 until 1939....
– Minister of National Education - Robert Lassalle – Minister of Pensions
- Fernand Chapsal – Minister of Agriculture
- Théodore SteegThéodore SteegThéodore Steeg was a French politician of the Third Republic, deputy of the Seine from 1906 to 1914 and senator of the same department from 1914 to 1940....
– Minister of Colonies - Henri QueuilleHenri QueuilleHenri Queuille was a French Radical politician prominent in the Third and Fourth Republics. After World War II, he served three times as Prime Minister.He was the son of a noblewoman.-First ministry :...
– Minister of Public Works - Marc Rucart – Minister of Public Health
- Fernand Gentin – Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones
- Pierre CotPierre Cot.Pierre Cot , French politician, was a leading figure in the Popular Front government of the 1930s...
– Minister of Commerce - Georges BonnetGeorges BonnetNot to be confused with the French Socialist Georges MonnetGeorges-Étienne Bonnet was a French politician and leading figure in the Radical-Socialist Party.- Early career :...
– Minister of State - Ludovic-Oscar FrossardLudovic-Oscar FrossardLudovic-Oscar Frossard was a French socialist and communist politician, a member of six successive French governments between 1935 and 1940.-Early career and PCF:Born into an anti-clerical family opposed to the antisemitical side during the Dreyfus...
– Minister of State in charge of the Services of the Presidency of the Council