Cammell Laird
Encyclopedia
Cammell Laird, one of the most famous names in British
shipbuilding
during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, came about following the merger of Laird, Son & Co. of Birkenhead
and Johnson Cammell & Co. of Sheffield
at the turn of the twentieth century.
, who had established the Birkenhead Iron Works in 1824, when he was joined by his son, John Laird in 1828: their first ship was an iron barge. John realised that the techniques of making boilers could be applied to making ships. The company soon became pre-eminent in the manufacture of iron ships and made major advances in propulsion.
In 1903 the businesses of Messrs. Cammell and Laird merged to create a company at the forefront of shipbuilding. Johnson Cammell & Co. had been founded by Charles Cammell and Henry and Thomas Johnson: it made, amongst many other metal products, iron wheels and rails for Britain's railways and was based in Sheffield
.
Between 1829 and 1947, over 1,100 vessels of all kinds were launched from the Cammell Laird slipways into the River Mersey
. Among the many famous ships made by the companies were the world's first steel ship, the Ma Roberts, built in 1858 for Dr. Livingstone's Zambezi
expedition, HMS Caroline (1914)
that holds the record fastest build time of any significant warship (nine months from her keel being laid till her launch), the first all-welded ship, the Fullagar built in 1920, Cunard's second Mauretania
of 1939, the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal
(1937) and the largest vessel, so far, to have been built for the Royal Navy HMS Ark Royal
(1950).
In 1898, Cammell provided the half inch armor plate used to fabricate the four Fowler Armoured Road Trains built during the Second Anglo-Boer War. The armoured road train was the first self-propelled, free-roaming, armored military land vehicle ever built, predating the tanks of World War One by nearly two decades.
in 1977. In 1986, it returned to the private sector as part of VSEL
another of the nationalised companies. VSEL and Cammell Laird were the only British shipyards capable of production of nuclear submarines. In 1993, it completed HMS Unicorn (S43) – now HMCS Windsor (SSK 877)
– that to this day that is the last ship completed at the yard.
, the company was forced to enter receivership in April 2001, and the Birkenhead
, Teesside
and Tyneside
shipyards were subsequently acquired by the A&P Shiprepair Group
during 2001. A&P Group sold its Birkenhead subsidiary (A&P Birkenhead) to Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders
in 2005, but continue to operate the other two yards as an integral part of their ship repair and conversion operations. The Cammell Laird brand continued in use through Cammell Laird Gibraltar
, the Royal Dockyard facility in Gibraltar
, which was acquired through a management buy-out in 2001, before being relaunched in late 2008 when Northwestern Shiprepairers took the name.
purchased the Cammell Laird shipyard, in January 2007, to facilitate the proposed Wirral Waters
development.
In 2007, it was announced that the current occupiers of Cammell Laird Dock, Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders
had acquired the rights to the name.
In February 2008 it was announced that the company had won a £28m Ministry of Defence
contract to overhaul the Royal Fleet Auxiliary
ship RFA Fort Rosalie
.
On 17 November 2008 Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders
officially renamed itself Cammell Laird Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders Limited, stating that recent economic success made the time right, and that "Cammell Laird is an internationally recognised brand which carries tremendous goodwill when bidding for contracts."
In January 2010 it was announced that Lairds had received an £44m order for the flight decks of the Royal Navy's new aircraft carrier HMS Queen Elizabeth.
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the...
shipbuilding
Shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and floating vessels. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to before recorded history.Shipbuilding and ship repairs, both...
during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, came about following the merger of Laird, Son & Co. of Birkenhead
Birkenhead
Birkenhead is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. It is on the Wirral Peninsula, along the west bank of the River Mersey, opposite the city of Liverpool...
and Johnson Cammell & Co. of Sheffield
Sheffield
Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely...
at the turn of the twentieth century.
Founding of the business
The Company was founded by William LairdWilliam Laird (shipbuilder)
William Laird was a Scottish shipbuilder and developer who was responsible for what later became the Cammell Laird shipyard, and for starting the substantial development of its adjoining town, Birkenhead, on the Wirral in England....
, who had established the Birkenhead Iron Works in 1824, when he was joined by his son, John Laird in 1828: their first ship was an iron barge. John realised that the techniques of making boilers could be applied to making ships. The company soon became pre-eminent in the manufacture of iron ships and made major advances in propulsion.
In 1903 the businesses of Messrs. Cammell and Laird merged to create a company at the forefront of shipbuilding. Johnson Cammell & Co. had been founded by Charles Cammell and Henry and Thomas Johnson: it made, amongst many other metal products, iron wheels and rails for Britain's railways and was based in Sheffield
Sheffield
Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely...
.
Between 1829 and 1947, over 1,100 vessels of all kinds were launched from the Cammell Laird slipways into the River Mersey
River Mersey
The River Mersey is a river in North West England. It is around long, stretching from Stockport, Greater Manchester, and ending at Liverpool Bay, Merseyside. For centuries, it formed part of the ancient county divide between Lancashire and Cheshire....
. Among the many famous ships made by the companies were the world's first steel ship, the Ma Roberts, built in 1858 for Dr. Livingstone's Zambezi
Zambezi
The Zambezi is the fourth-longest river in Africa, and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa. The area of its basin is , slightly less than half that of the Nile...
expedition, HMS Caroline (1914)
HMS Caroline (1914)
HMS Caroline was a C-class light cruiser of the British Royal Navy. Caroline was launched and commissioned in 1914. At the time of her decommissioning in 2011 she was the second-oldest ship in Royal Navy service, after HMS Victory...
that holds the record fastest build time of any significant warship (nine months from her keel being laid till her launch), the first all-welded ship, the Fullagar built in 1920, Cunard's second Mauretania
RMS Mauretania (1938)
RMS Mauretania was launched on 28 July 1938 at the Cammell Laird yard in Birkenhead, England and was completed in May 1939. A successor to RMS Mauretania , the second Mauretania was the first ship built for the newly formed Cunard White Star company following the merger in April 1934 of the Cunard...
of 1939, the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal
HMS Ark Royal (91)
HMS Ark Royal was an aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy that served during the Second World War.Designed in 1934 to fit the restrictions of the Washington Naval Treaty, Ark Royal was built by Cammell Laird and Company, Ltd. at Birkenhead, England, and completed in November 1938. Her design...
(1937) and the largest vessel, so far, to have been built for the Royal Navy HMS Ark Royal
HMS Ark Royal (R09)
HMS Ark Royal was an Audacious-class aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy and, when she was decommissioned in 1978, was the Royal Navy's last remaining conventional catapult and arrested-landing aircraft carrier...
(1950).
In 1898, Cammell provided the half inch armor plate used to fabricate the four Fowler Armoured Road Trains built during the Second Anglo-Boer War. The armoured road train was the first self-propelled, free-roaming, armored military land vehicle ever built, predating the tanks of World War One by nearly two decades.
Post 1945
The Company was nationalised along with the rest of the British shipbuilding industry as British ShipbuildersBritish Shipbuilders
British Shipbuilders Corporation was a public corporation that owned and managed the shipbuilding industry in England and Scotland from 1977 and through the 1980s...
in 1977. In 1986, it returned to the private sector as part of VSEL
Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd
In 1994 VSEL was subject to two takeover proposals, one from GEC and another from British Aerospace . VSEL was willing to participate in a merger with a larger company to reduce its exposure to cycles in warship production, particularly following the "Options for Change" defence review after the...
another of the nationalised companies. VSEL and Cammell Laird were the only British shipyards capable of production of nuclear submarines. In 1993, it completed HMS Unicorn (S43) – now HMCS Windsor (SSK 877)
HMCS Windsor (SSK 877)
HMCS Windsor is a long-range hunter-killer submarine of the Royal Canadian Navy, the second ship of the Victoria class. She is named after the city of Windsor, Ontario. Windsor was purchased from the Royal Navy, and is the former HMS Unicorn.-Design:HMCS Windsors displacement is approximately...
– that to this day that is the last ship completed at the yard.
Closure
After experiencing financial difficulties, partly due to the failure of a £50 million cruise ship contract with Costa CrociereCarnival Corporation & plc
Carnival Corporation & plc , is a American-British Company, and the world's largest cruise ship operator. It is a dual listed company, with headquarters at Carnival Place in the Miami suburb of Doral, Florida, USA, and at Carnival House in Southampton, England, UK...
, the company was forced to enter receivership in April 2001, and the Birkenhead
Birkenhead
Birkenhead is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. It is on the Wirral Peninsula, along the west bank of the River Mersey, opposite the city of Liverpool...
, Teesside
Teesside
Teesside is the name given to the conurbation in the north east of England made up of the towns of Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees, Redcar, Billingham and surrounding settlements near the River Tees. It was also the name of a local government district between 1968 and 1974—the County Borough of...
and Tyneside
Tyneside
Tyneside is a conurbation in North East England, defined by the Office of National Statistics, which is home to over 80% of the population of Tyne and Wear. It includes the city of Newcastle upon Tyne and the Metropolitan Boroughs of Gateshead, North Tyneside and South Tyneside — all settlements on...
shipyards were subsequently acquired by the A&P Shiprepair Group
A&P Group
A&P Group Ltd is the largest ship repair and conversion company in the UK, with three shipyards located in Hebburn, Middlesbrough and Falmouth. The Company undertakes a wide variety of maintenance and repair work on commercial and military ships with projects ranging from a two day alongside repair...
during 2001. A&P Group sold its Birkenhead subsidiary (A&P Birkenhead) to Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders
Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders
Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders was a British shiprepair company based in Birkenhead on the River Mersey.-History:The Company was founded by John Syvret, a former Cammell Laird manager, in 2001. In 2002 50% of the business was sold to Mersey Docks & Harbour Co. in exchange for the use of...
in 2005, but continue to operate the other two yards as an integral part of their ship repair and conversion operations. The Cammell Laird brand continued in use through Cammell Laird Gibraltar
Cammell Laird Gibraltar
Gibdock is a shipyard in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.-History:The Royal Navy Dockyard in Gibraltar was built at the end of the 19th century; three large Graving docks to be known as docks Number 1, 2 and 3 were built....
, the Royal Dockyard facility in Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...
, which was acquired through a management buy-out in 2001, before being relaunched in late 2008 when Northwestern Shiprepairers took the name.
Rebirth
Peel HoldingsPeel Group
The Peel Group is a diversified real estate, transport and infrastructure investment company in the United Kingdom. It has assets owned and under management approaching £6 billion...
purchased the Cammell Laird shipyard, in January 2007, to facilitate the proposed Wirral Waters
Wirral Waters
Wirral Waters is a large scale £4.5bn development that has been proposed by the company Peel Holdings for Birkenhead, on the Wirral Peninsula, England...
development.
In 2007, it was announced that the current occupiers of Cammell Laird Dock, Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders
Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders
Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders was a British shiprepair company based in Birkenhead on the River Mersey.-History:The Company was founded by John Syvret, a former Cammell Laird manager, in 2001. In 2002 50% of the business was sold to Mersey Docks & Harbour Co. in exchange for the use of...
had acquired the rights to the name.
In February 2008 it was announced that the company had won a £28m Ministry of Defence
Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
The Ministry of Defence is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces....
contract to overhaul the Royal Fleet Auxiliary
Royal Fleet Auxiliary
The Royal Fleet Auxiliary is a civilian-manned fleet owned by the British Ministry of Defence. The RFA enables ships of the United Kingdom Royal Navy to maintain operations around the world. Its primary role is to supply the Royal Navy with fuel, ammunition and supplies, normally by replenishment...
ship RFA Fort Rosalie
RFA Fort Rosalie (A385)
RFA Fort Rosalie is a fleet stores ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. Fort Rosalie was originally named RFA Fort Grange, but was renamed in May 2000 to avoid confusion with RFA Fort George, a change which was not universally popular.-History:Fort Rosalie was laid down in 1973, by Scott Lithgow on...
.
On 17 November 2008 Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders
Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders
Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders was a British shiprepair company based in Birkenhead on the River Mersey.-History:The Company was founded by John Syvret, a former Cammell Laird manager, in 2001. In 2002 50% of the business was sold to Mersey Docks & Harbour Co. in exchange for the use of...
officially renamed itself Cammell Laird Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders Limited, stating that recent economic success made the time right, and that "Cammell Laird is an internationally recognised brand which carries tremendous goodwill when bidding for contracts."
In January 2010 it was announced that Lairds had received an £44m order for the flight decks of the Royal Navy's new aircraft carrier HMS Queen Elizabeth.
Ships built by Cammell Laird
Ships built by Cammell Laird included:Aircraft carriers
Merchant Aircraft Carrier
Battleships
Cruisers
Turret ships
Destroyers
|
Argentinian Destroyers
Greek Destroyers
Frigates
India Frigates
Sloops
CAM Ships
Nuclear submarines
Submarines
|
Ironclads
Torpedo Boats
Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service
Royal Fleet Auxiliary
RFA Bayleaf (A109) RFA Bayleaf was a Leaf-class support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary.-Construction:Bayleaf was one of four ships ordered from Cammell Laird at Birkenhead in 1973, and laid down in 1975 as the Hudson Sound. When the ordering company ran into financial difficulties, the ships were laid up, and... RFA Brambleleaf (A81) RFA Brambleleaf was a Leaf-class support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. She should not be confused with the support/freighting tanker RFA Brambleleaf of 1959, also with the pennant number A81. On the 18th of August 2009 she was towed to Ghent for scrapping.... RFA Dewdale (A151) RFA Dewdale was a Dale-class fleet tanker and landing ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary.Taken over by the Admiralty and completed as a Landing Ship Gantry carrying 15 LCMs with accommodation for 150 military personnel. Her landing craft were in the first assault waves during the North African... RFA Orangeleaf (A110) RFA Orangeleaf is a Leaf-class fleet support tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary.RFA Orangeleaf saw action in the Gulf War in 1991 and was one of the first units to hear the code "Walkman" which was to signify the start of the offensive against Saddam Hussein's forces in Kuwait.During early to... Training Ships Presidente Sarmiento ARA Presidente Sarmiento ARA Presidente Sarmiento is a museum ship, originally built as a training ship for the Argentine Navy. She is considered to be the last intact cruising training ship from the 1890s.... Cable Ships
Liners
Mailships
Oil Rigs
Oil Tankers
Merchant ships
Ferries
Isle Of Man Steam Packet Co.
|
See also
Mersey-built ships- Metro CammellMetro CammellThe Metropolitan Cammell Carriage and Wagon Company was a Birmingham, England based manufacturer of railway carriages and wagons, based in Saltley and subsequently Washwood Heath....
- Cammell Laird GibraltarCammell Laird GibraltarGibdock is a shipyard in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.-History:The Royal Navy Dockyard in Gibraltar was built at the end of the 19th century; three large Graving docks to be known as docks Number 1, 2 and 3 were built....
- Grayson Rollo and Clover DocksGrayson Rollo and Clover DocksThe Grayson Rollo and Clover shipyard was a ship repair and dry dock facility based at Birkenhead, on the Wirral Peninsula, England. It was situated on the River Mersey between the former Cammell Laird yard and Woodside Ferry....