Captain-major
Encyclopedia
Captain-major is the English
rendering of the Portuguese
title Capitão-mor (sometimes Capitão Donatário) for colonial officers, put in charge of a capitania, Portuguese
possession
(called captaincy, after his title) deemed not (yet) important enough to have its own colonial Governor
.
Due to the impossibility of exercising direct control and sovereignty over islands, the captain-major was the channel by which the sovereign could delegate his powers, with certain restrictions, under the responsibility of peoples he felt he could confide. The Donatário could administer, in the sovereign's name, the lands for which he was assigned, with all the regalia, rights and obligations, with the exception of certain limits, including military authority over soldiers and detachments of the crown, or the administration of justice.
In addition to the regalia of office, the captains-major would hold title to the closest parcels of lands, be able to contract renters of these lands, in the name of the crown. Many of the donatários were hereditary, with a few exceptions, referred in the Salic Laws (Leis Sálicas) of the time. The Salic law
s regulated all aspects of life, including crime, taxation, indemnity, and female inheritance.
This was notably the case in the following Portuguese colonies, in this incomplete list:
(see also above for those who later got captains-majors):
rank which is 1st senior officer rank and equal to a commander in western navies.
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
rendering of the Portuguese
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
title Capitão-mor (sometimes Capitão Donatário) for colonial officers, put in charge of a capitania, Portuguese
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
possession
Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire , also known as the Portuguese Overseas Empire or the Portuguese Colonial Empire , was the first global empire in history...
(called captaincy, after his title) deemed not (yet) important enough to have its own colonial Governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
.
Due to the impossibility of exercising direct control and sovereignty over islands, the captain-major was the channel by which the sovereign could delegate his powers, with certain restrictions, under the responsibility of peoples he felt he could confide. The Donatário could administer, in the sovereign's name, the lands for which he was assigned, with all the regalia, rights and obligations, with the exception of certain limits, including military authority over soldiers and detachments of the crown, or the administration of justice.
In addition to the regalia of office, the captains-major would hold title to the closest parcels of lands, be able to contract renters of these lands, in the name of the crown. Many of the donatários were hereditary, with a few exceptions, referred in the Salic Laws (Leis Sálicas) of the time. The Salic law
Salic law
Salic law was a body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century...
s regulated all aspects of life, including crime, taxation, indemnity, and female inheritance.
This was notably the case in the following Portuguese colonies, in this incomplete list:
North Atlantic
- MadeiraMadeiraMadeira is a Portuguese archipelago that lies between and , just under 400 km north of Tenerife, Canary Islands, in the north Atlantic Ocean and an outermost region of the European Union...
islands (3 captaincies)- FunchalFunchalFunchal is the largest city, the municipal seat and the capital of Portugal's Autonomous Region of Madeira. The city has a population of 112,015 and has been the capital of Madeira for more than five centuries.-Etymology:...
- 1st Capitão Donatário João Gonçalves ZarcoJoão Gonçalves ZarcoJoão Gonçalves Zarco was a Portuguese explorer who established settlements and recognition of the Madeira Islands, and was appointed first captain of Funchal by Henry the Navigator.-Life:... - MachicoMachicoMachico is a city and municipality in the northeastern part of the island of Madeira, in the Autonomous Region of Madeira. The easternmost municipality on the island, it is also the third most populous area; its population was 21,747...
- 1st Capitão Donatário Tristão Vaz TeixeiraTristão Vaz TeixeiraTristão Vaz Teixeira was a Portuguese navigator and explorer who, together with João Gonçalves Zarco and Bartolomeu Perestrelo, discovered the Madeira Islands... - Porto SantoPorto Santo IslandPorto Santo Island is a Portuguese island northeast of Madeira Island in the North Atlantic Ocean; it is the northernmost and easternmost island of the archipelago of Madeira, located in the Atlantic Ocean west of Europe and Africa.- History :...
- 1st Capitão Donatário Bartolomeu Perestrello
- Funchal
- AzoresAzoresThe Archipelago of the Azores is composed of nine volcanic islands situated in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, and is located about west from Lisbon and about east from the east coast of North America. The islands, and their economic exclusion zone, form the Autonomous Region of the...
islands (several, including the following)- São MiguelSão Miguel IslandSão Miguel Island , nicknamed "The Green Island", is the largest and most populous island in the Portuguese Azores archipelago. The island covers and has around 140,000 inhabitants, 45,000 of these people located in the largest city in the archipelago: Ponta Delgada.-History:In 1427, São Miguel...
- 1st Capitão Donatário Gonçalo Velho Cabral; 2nd Captain Donatário João Soares de AlbergariaJoão Soares de AlbergariaJoão Soares de Albergaria , also referred to as João Soares or João Soares Velho, was the second Portuguese Captain-Donatário of the islands of Santa Maria and São Miguel, who succeeded his maternal uncle Gonçalo Velho Cabral in the title...
; 3rd Captain Donatário Rui Gonçalves da Câmara - Santa MariaSanta Maria IslandSanta Maria , Portuguese for Saint Mary, is an island located in the eastern group of the Azores archipelago and the southernmost island in the Azores...
- 1st Capitão Donatário Gonçalo Velho Cabral; 2nd Captain Donatário João Soares de AlbergariaJoão Soares de AlbergariaJoão Soares de Albergaria , also referred to as João Soares or João Soares Velho, was the second Portuguese Captain-Donatário of the islands of Santa Maria and São Miguel, who succeeded his maternal uncle Gonçalo Velho Cabral in the title...
; 3rd Captain Donatário João Soares de Sousa - FaialFaialFaial is a Portuguese word derived from faya, referring to a species of plant/tree, Myrica faya.It may also refer to:=In the archipelago of the Azores*Faial Island, an island in the Central Group of islands...
- 1st Capitão Donatário Josse van HuerterJosse van HuerterJosse van Huerter , also known by several transliterations was the first settler, and captain-major of the island of Faial in the Portuguese Azores. After 1482, the island of Pico was also incorporated into his captaincy...
, a FlemFlemishFlemish can refer to anything related to Flanders, and may refer directly to the following articles:*Flemish, an informal, though linguistically incorrect, name of any kind of the Dutch language as spoken in Belgium....
nobleman, who had acquaintances in the crown, and married into the House of Burgundy.
- São Miguel
Africa
- Portuguese GuineaPortuguese GuineaPortuguese Guinea was the name for what is today Guinea-Bissau from 1446 to September 10, 1974.-History:...
, before it was united in 1879 under that name with its own Governor, and separated from Cape VerdeCape VerdeThe Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...
, remaining Portuguese till 1974:- BissauBissauBissau is the capital city of Guinea-Bissau. The city's borders are conterminous with the Bissau Autonomous Sector. In 2007, the city had an estimated population of 407,424 according to the Instituto Nacional de Estatística e Censos...
, 1687-1879; see Colonial Heads of BissauColonial heads of Bissau-List of Colonial Heads of Bissau:The territory is located in Guinea-Bissau.Early incumbents, all styled Captain-major:*1696 - 1699 José Pinheiro da Câmara*1699 - 1707 Rodrigo Oliveira da Fonseca*1707 - 1753 abandoned*1753 - 17.. Nicolau Pino de Araújo... - CacheuCacheuCacheu is a town in north western Guinea-Bissau, lying on the Cacheu River. Population 9,849 .-History and landmarks:The town of Cacheu is situated in territory of the Papel people....
(after Administrators since 1614) c.1640-1879; see also Colonial Heads of CacheuColonial heads of Cacheu-List of Colonial Heads of Cacheu:The territory is located in Guinea-Bissau.-See also:*Guinea-Bissau**Heads of State of Guinea-Bissau**Heads of Government of Guinea-Bissau**Colonial Heads of Portuguese Guinea**Colonial Heads of Bissau*lists of incumbents...
- Bissau
- in present GhanaGhanaGhana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
, since the 21 January 1482 foundation of the Portuguese Gold CoastPortuguese Gold CoastThe Portuguese Gold Coast was a Portuguese colony on the West African Gold Coast on the Gulf of Guinea.-History:The Portuguese established the following settlements on the Gold Coast from January 21, 1482:...
(Fort São Jorge da Mina de Ouro [Elmina: 21 January 1482-28/9 August 1637], Fort de Santo António de Axim [Axim: 1486-February 1642], Fort São Francisco Xavier [Osu: 1640-42] Fort São Sebastião [Shama: 1526-1637]), it always has its single captain-major, until after the 29 August 1637 Dutch occupation of its capital São Jorge da Mina, it was on 9 January 1642 ceded to the Dutch (becoming part of Dutch Gold CoastDutch Gold CoastThe Dutch Gold Coast or Dutch Guinea, officially Dutch possessions on the Coast of Guinea was a portion of coastal West Africa that was gradually colonized by the Dutch, beginning in 1598...
) - Mazagan (El JadidaEl JadidaEl Jadida is a port city on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, in the province of El Jadida. It has a population of 144,440...
), since it became in 1506 a Portuguese possession, till 1608, afterwards it had its own Governors until on 11 March 1769 it was incorporated into the sultanate of MoroccoMoroccoMorocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara... - MombasaMombasaMombasa is the second-largest city in Kenya. Lying next to the Indian Ocean, it has a major port and an international airport. The city also serves as the centre of the coastal tourism industry....
on the coast of later KenyaKenyaKenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...
(since 1502 a sultanate, MvitaMombasaMombasa is the second-largest city in Kenya. Lying next to the Indian Ocean, it has a major port and an international airport. The city also serves as the centre of the coastal tourism industry....
in SwahiliSwahili languageSwahili or Kiswahili is a Bantu language spoken by various ethnic groups that inhabit several large stretches of the Mozambique Channel coastline from northern Kenya to northern Mozambique, including the Comoro Islands. It is also spoken by ethnic minority groups in Somalia...
or Manbasa in Arabic, independent from Kilwa Kisiwani) since its 1593 Portuguese occupation had captains-major (since 1638 as a Portuguese colony, subordinated to GoaGoaGoa , a former Portuguese colony, is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in South West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its...
in India), interrupted 12 December 1698 by Omani sovereignty (under Governors styled Wali in Arabic, or Liwali in SwahiliSwahili languageSwahili or Kiswahili is a Bantu language spoken by various ethnic groups that inhabit several large stretches of the Mozambique Channel coastline from northern Kenya to northern Mozambique, including the Comoro Islands. It is also spoken by ethnic minority groups in Somalia...
), then a last one as Portuguese rule resumed (12 March 1728 - 21 September 1729 Álvaro Caetano de Melo Castro, next it was lost for good - see also Colonial Heads of MombasaColonial Heads of Mombasa- List of Colonial Heads of Mombasa :- See also :*Kenya**Heads of State of Kenya**Heads of Government of Kenya**Colonial Heads of Kenya*Lists of incumbents... - MozambiqueMozambiqueMozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest...
, since 1 March 1498 claimed for Portugal by Vasco da Gama, had captains-major since in 1501 Portuguese administration begins, as Captaincy of SofalaSofalaSofala, at present known as Nova Sofala, used to be the chief seaport of the Monomotapa Kingdom, whose capital was at Mount Fura. It is located on the Sofala Bank in Sofala Province of Mozambique.-History:...
(subordinated to GoaGoaGoa , a former Portuguese colony, is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in South West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its...
, in India), till 1569, next Captains-general, since 1609 Governors, since march 1837 Governors-general - see also Colonial Heads of MozambiqueColonial heads of MozambiquePreludeIn 1498, Portuguese ships under Vasco da Gama visited Mozambique Island and several other towns on the East African coast. In 1500, Sancho de Tovar was the first Portuguese captain to sight in Sofala... - on São ToméSão Tomé-Transport:São Tomé is served by São Tomé International Airport with regular flights to Europe and other African Countries.-Climate:São Tomé features a tropical wet and dry climate with a relatively lengthy wet season and a short dry season. The wet season runs from October through May while the...
island, since it became a donataria in 1485, there were Captains-major till 1586, next Governors; 1753 it was united with Princepe island as (present state) São Tomé and PríncipeSão Tomé and PríncipeSão Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about apart and about , respectively, off...
, again under Governors
South America
- Brazilian provinces (some had Governors from the start):
- CearáCearáCeará is one of the 27 states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast. It is currently the 8th largest Brazilian State by population and the 17th by area. It is also one of the main touristic destinations in Brazil. The state capital is the city of...
, a captaincy since 1619 (1621-1656 subordinated to Maranhão), there were Captains-major 30 June 1699- 17 January 1799, then Ceará captaincy was split from PernambucoPernambucoPernambuco is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. To the north are the states of Paraíba and Ceará, to the west is Piauí, to the south are Alagoas and Bahia, and to the east is the Atlantic Ocean. There are about of beaches, some of the most beautiful in the...
(to which it had been subordinated since 1656) under its own Governor - Espríto Santo, which had been a donataria under its own Governors since 1535, had captains-major 1627-1675, then again two Governors Donatory, and more Captains-major 1682-1799 (though since 1718 it was a crown colony, subordinated to BahiaBahiaBahia is one of the 26 states of Brazil, and is located in the northeastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast. It is the fourth most populous Brazilian state after São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, and the fifth-largest in size...
), afterwards again Governors - Grão-ParáGrão-ParáThe vice-kingdom of Grão-Pará was one of the two Portuguese vice-kingdoms in South America, corresponding to today's North Brazil. Its capital city was Belém do Pará....
had Captains-majors since in 1615 the Settlement begun as a part of Marahão (it was the residence of its Governors 1737-1755) - 1753, next Governors(-general) - MaranhãoMaranhãoMaranhão is a northeastern state of Brazil. To the north lies the Atlantic Ocean. Maranhão is neighbored by the states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent...
had Captains-major 1745 - 1775, next (as before since 9 January 1616) Governors - since its creation in 1582 in the Captaincy of ParaíbaParaíbaParaíba Paraíba Paraíba (Tupi: pa'ra a'íba: "bad to navigation"; Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: is a state of Brazil. It is located in the Brazilian Northeast, and is bordered by Rio Grande do Norte to the north, Ceará to the west, Pernambuco to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the east...
, subordinated to Pernambuco, except the occuption (Dutch Directors 1635-1645) and the single 1645-1655 Junta (council), till 1797, next Governors; in 1799 a separate Captaincy of Paraíba do Norte was created - at least one Captain-Major is known of the Captaincy of PernambucoPernambucoPernambuco is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. To the north are the states of Paraíba and Ceará, to the west is Piauí, to the south are Alagoas and Bahia, and to the east is the Atlantic Ocean. There are about of beaches, some of the most beautiful in the...
(1535 founded as Donátaria of Nova Lusitania, renamed in 1575), Manuel de Mascarenhas Homem; no later then 1699 it got its own Governors, but nevertheless it became in 1716 a Crown colony, called captaincy of Pernambuco... - the 1597 founded Captaincy of Rio Grande had a single Captain-major 1697-1701, Bernardo Vieira de Mello, next Governors, subordinated to Pernambuco till 1808; since 1737 it got its modern name Rio Grande do NorteRio Grande do NorteRio Grande do Norte is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northeastern region of the country, occupying the northeasternmost tip of the South American continent. Because of its geographic position, Rio Grande do Norte has a strategic importance. The capital and largest city is Natal...
- at least since 1761 in the 1759 founded Captaincy of São José do PiauíSão José do PiauíSão José do Piauí is a town and municipality in the state of Piauí in the Northeast region of Brazil.-References:...
, subordinated to MaranhãoMaranhãoMaranhão is a northeastern state of Brazil. To the north lies the Atlantic Ocean. Maranhão is neighbored by the states of Piauí, Tocantins and Pará. The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent...
until 1811, from then with its own governors, since 28 February 1821 renamed Province of PiauíPiauíPiauí is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country.Piauí has the shortest coastline of any of the non-landlocked Brazilian states at 66 km , and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the north east to be located inland... - São VicenteSão Vicente, São PauloSão Vicente is a coastal city of southern São Paulo, Brazil. Its estimated population in 2006 was 329,370 inhabitants.It was the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas and the first capital of the Captaincy of São Vicente, now the state of São Paulo...
had Captains-major 1533 (till 1691 alongside Donatários); on 17 April 1709 the name of São Vicente changed to São Paulo e Minas de Ouro, since 18 June 1710 it had its own Governors (in 1750 it was renamed São PauloSão PauloSão Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
, since 28 February 1821 it is a province) - Sergipe d'el Rei had Captains-major since 1696 (also after the 1763 merger with Baía) till 20 February 1821, next it was a province under its own Governors
- Ceará
Asia
- since 1518 (except in 1524 1551) a Portuguese Captain-major was appointed to Colombo, the capital of KotteKotteSri Jayawardenapura Kotte , also known as Sri Jayawardenapura or Kotte කෝට්ටේ, is the administrative capital of Sri Lanka. It is located beyond the eastern suburbs of the commercial capital Colombo and is often called New Capital Territory...
kingdom on Ceylon island (present Sri Lanka), until the last incumbent, Pedro Homem Pereira, was promoted to Governor in 1594; on 27 May 1597, King Dharmapala of Kotte dies without heirs, and bequeaths his entire kingdom to the King of Portugal, making all Ceylon a Portuguese colony - since in 1557 the Portuguese established a trading post at MacauMacauMacau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...
(subordinated to GoaGoaGoa , a former Portuguese colony, is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in South West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its...
in India), it had Captains-major till 1622, then Governors since 7 July 1623 until 19 December 1999 (finally returned to China) - East-Timor, a colony since 1642, had Captains at least since 1647, then Captains-major 1665-1702, next Governors
- OrmusOrmusThe Kingdom of Ormus was a 10th to 17th century kingdom located within the Persian Gulf and extending as far as the Strait of Hormuz...
(present Hormuz, in Iran) had Captains-major both in September 1507 - January 1508 as the Portuguese first occupy it, again when since 1 April 1515 Hormuz (Ormuz) Island became a Portuguese possession (subordinated to GoaGoaGoa , a former Portuguese colony, is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in South West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its...
in India), until its 3 May 1622 incorporated into Persia - MalaccaMalaccaMalacca , dubbed The Historic State or Negeri Bersejarah among locals) is the third smallest Malaysian state, after Perlis and Penang. It is located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, on the Straits of Malacca. It borders Negeri Sembilan to the north and the state of Johor to the south...
, since 24 August 1511 a Portuguese colony on peninsular Malaysia, had Captains-major since 1512 (subordinated to GoaGoaGoa , a former Portuguese colony, is India's smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in South West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its...
) till 14 January 1641, next Captains-general, till is was list on 14 January 1641 to the Dutch
Even smaller possessions could be under an officer simply styled Capitão (captain)
Such was the case in the following places:(see also above for those who later got captains-majors):
Colonial captaincies in Africa
- in Cape VerdeCape VerdeThe Republic of Cape Verde is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 10 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa...
the have been various captainships; only in 1587 the donatarias were united into colony under one Governor:- Captains of SantiagoSantiago, Cape VerdeSantiago , or Santiagu in Cape Verdean Creole, is the largest island of Cape Verde, its most important agricultural centre and home to half the nation’s population. At the time of Darwin's voyage it was called St. Jago....
(later northern Santiago) 29 January 1462 - 1505 - Captains of Riberia Grande (southern Santiago) 19 September 1462 - after 22 December 1562
- Captains of Boa VistaBoa Vista, Cape VerdeBoa Vista is the easternmost island of Cape Verde. It is located in the Barlavento group of the archipelago. The island is known for marine turtles and traditional music, as well as its ultramarathon and its sand dunes and beaches...
29 October 1497 - after 1542 - Captains of Alcatrazes 1484 - after 1508
- Captains of PraiaPraiaPraia , is the capital and largest city of Cape Verde, an island nation in the Atlantic Ocean west of Senegal. It lies on the southern coast of Santiago island in the Sotavento Islands group. It is the island's ferry port and is home to one of the nation’s four international airports...
1526 - after 21 January 1570 - Captains of FogoFogo, Cape VerdeFogo is an island in the Sotavento group of Cape Verde. It is the most prominent of the group, rising to nearly 3,000 m above sea level at Pico do Fogo.-Geography:...
1528 - after 12 January 1553 - Captains of Santo Antão 13 January 1548 - 15..
- Captains of Santiago
- in MoroccoMoroccoMorocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
:- AguzSouira GuedimaSouira Guedima, formerly known as Aguz, is a Moroccan town 36 km south of Safi, at the mouth of the Tensift River on the Atlantic seacoast. Guedima may also be spelt Kadima, Kdima, Qadima , or Qdima...
(Souira GuedimaSouira GuedimaSouira Guedima, formerly known as Aguz, is a Moroccan town 36 km south of Safi, at the mouth of the Tensift River on the Atlantic seacoast. Guedima may also be spelt Kadima, Kdima, Qadima , or Qdima...
) during the entire 1506 - 1525 Portuguese rule there - Arzila (AsilahAsilahAsilah or Arzila is a fortified town on the northwest tip of the Atlantic coast of Morocco, about 31 km from Tangier. Its ramparts and gateworks remain fully intact...
), since the 24 August 1471 begin of Portuguese rule till 1545, afterwards it had its own governors (except August 1550 - 1577 temporarily restored to Morocco) until 1589 when it was for good restored to Morocco.. - Azamor (AzemmourAzemmourAzemmour or Azamor |The Olives]]"; ) is a Moroccan city, on the left bank of the Oum Er-Rbia River, 75 km southwest of Casablanca. Although it was a dependency of the King of Fez, Azemmour had great autonomy. In 1486 its inhabitants became vassals and tributaries of João II of Portugal...
), since it came on 3 September 1513 under Portuguese rule, till on 30 October 1541 the city was restored to MoroccoMoroccoMorocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
. - in SafimSafimSafim is a Sector in the Biombo Region of Guinea-Bissau....
(SafiSafi, MoroccoSafi is a city in western Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean. The capital of the Doukkala-Abda Region, it has a population of 282,227 , but is also the centre of an agglomeration which has an estimated 793,000 inhabitants ....
), during the entire Portuguese rule there 1488 - Oct 1541
- Aguz
Colonial captaincies in America
- A special case was the Chief of the Captaincy of the Pro-French Republic of Counani 23 July 1886 - 1886 Trajano Benitez; next there were four presidential terms
Other meanings
Captain-major is also an Estonian NavyEstonian Navy
The Merevägi is the navy of Republic of Estonia and is part of the unified Kaitsevägi .In total, there are about four commissioned ships in the Estonian Navy, including three auxiliary ships; the displacement of the navy is under 10,000 tonnes making it one of the smallest navies in the world...
rank which is 1st senior officer rank and equal to a commander in western navies.
See also
- CaptaincyCaptaincyA captaincy is a historical administrative division of the former Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires. Each was governed by a captain general.-In the Portuguese Empire:...
- Captaincy of São Vicente
- Captain GeneralCaptain GeneralCaptain general is a high military rank and a gubernatorial title.-History:This term Captain General started to appear in the 14th century, with the meaning of commander in chief of an army in the field, probably the first usage of the term General in military settings...
- in Italian, Capitano as on Cyprus
- Leader or Captain, as on Pitcairn Island
- OpperhoofdOpperhoofdOpperhoofd is a Dutch word which literally means 'supreme head'.The Danish equivalent Overhoved, which is derived from a Danish pronunciation of the Dutch word, is also treated here....