Caroline of Baden
Encyclopedia
Caroline of Baden of Baden
was an Electress of Bavaria and later the first Queen of Bavaria
as the spouse of King Maximilian I Joseph.
. She was born 13 July 1776, twin sister of Katharina Amalie Christiane Luise.
Caroline was considered as a bride for the Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien, but the fear of attracting opposition from France made her family hesitate.
On 9 March 1797, in Karlsruhe
, she became the second spouse of Maximilian, Duke of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, who two years later would inherit the Electorate of Bavaria
. As a result of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
in 1806, the rank of Elector became obsolete, and the ruler of Bavaria was promoted to the rank of King. As a result, Caroline became Queen of Bavaria.
She was allowed to keep her Protestant religion and had her own Protestant pastor, which was unique for a Bavarian queen. She was described as a very dignified consort and hostess of the Bavarian court, and raised her daughters to have a strong sense of duty.
Caroline of Baden died 13 November 1841, outliving her husband by sixteen years and one month. Due to her Protestant religion, her funeral was conducted with so little royal dignity that there were public protests. By order of the Catholic archbishop of Munich, Lothar Anselm von Gebsattel, all participating Catholic clergy were dressed in ordinary clothes instead of church vestments. The Protestant clergy were halted at the church door and not allowed to proceed inside for the service, so Ludwig Friedrich Schmidt gave the funeral sermon there. Afterwards, the funeral procession dissipated, and the coffin was placed in the burial crypt without ceremony. This treatment of his beloved stepmother permanently softened the attitude of Caroline's stepson Ludwig I of Bavaria
, who up until that time had been a strong opponent of Protestantism in spite of his marriage to the Protestant princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
.
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width=100% align="center"
|-
! style="background:#ccccff;"|Issue
|-
|
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Name
!width=60px | Portrait
!Birth
!Death
!Notes
|-
|align=center|Unnamed child ||align=center| ||align="center" colspan="2"| 1799 ||align=center|Stillborn
|-
|align=center|Maximilian Joseph Charles ||align=center| ||align=center|1800 ||align=center|1803 ||align=center|Died in childhood
|-
|align=center|Elizabeth Louise
Queen consort of Prussia ||align=center| ||align="center" rowspan="2"| 13 November 1801
(twins) ||align=center|14 December 1873 ||align=center|Married in 1823 the future King Frederick William IV of Prussia
and had no issue
|-
|align=center|Amalie Auguste
Queen consort of Saxony ||align=center| ||align=center|8 November 1877 ||align=center|Married in 1822 the future King John of Saxony and had issue
|-
|align=center|Maria Anna Leopoldine
Queen consort of Saxony ||align=center|
||align="center" rowspan="2"|27 January 1805
(twins again) ||align=center|13 September 1877 ||align=center|Married in 1833 the future King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony
and had no issue
|-
|align=center|Sophia Frederica
Archduchess of Austria||align=center|
||align=center|28 May 1872 ||align=center|Married in 1824 Archduke Franz Karl of Austria
and had issue
|-
|align=center|Ludovika Wilhelmina
Duchess in Bavaria ||align=center| ||align=center| 30 August 1808 ||align=center|25 January 1892 ||align=center|Married in 1828 Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria
|-
|align=center|Maximiliana Josepha Caroline ||align=center| ||align=center|1810 ||align=center|1821 ||align=center|Died in childhood
|}
Grand Duchy of Baden
The Grand Duchy of Baden was a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918.-History:...
was an Electress of Bavaria and later the first Queen of Bavaria
Queen of Bavaria
There have been three kinds of Bavarian consorts in history, Duchesses, Electresses and Queens. Most consorts listed are Duchesses. The first ever consort of Bavaria was Waldrada in the 6th century. The final consort was Maria Theresia of Austria-Este in 1913....
as the spouse of King Maximilian I Joseph.
Biography
She was the eldest child of Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, and his wife Amalie of Hesse-DarmstadtLandgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt was the daughter of Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Henriette Karoline of Palatine-Zweibrücken.-Marriage and issue:...
. She was born 13 July 1776, twin sister of Katharina Amalie Christiane Luise.
Caroline was considered as a bride for the Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien, but the fear of attracting opposition from France made her family hesitate.
On 9 March 1797, in Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe
The City of Karlsruhe is a city in the southwest of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border.Karlsruhe was founded in 1715 as Karlsruhe Palace, when Germany was a series of principalities and city states...
, she became the second spouse of Maximilian, Duke of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, who two years later would inherit the Electorate of Bavaria
Electorate of Bavaria
The Electorate of Bavaria was an independent hereditary electorate of the Holy Roman Empire from 1623 to 1806, when it was succeeded by the Kingdom of Bavaria....
. As a result of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
in 1806, the rank of Elector became obsolete, and the ruler of Bavaria was promoted to the rank of King. As a result, Caroline became Queen of Bavaria.
She was allowed to keep her Protestant religion and had her own Protestant pastor, which was unique for a Bavarian queen. She was described as a very dignified consort and hostess of the Bavarian court, and raised her daughters to have a strong sense of duty.
Caroline of Baden died 13 November 1841, outliving her husband by sixteen years and one month. Due to her Protestant religion, her funeral was conducted with so little royal dignity that there were public protests. By order of the Catholic archbishop of Munich, Lothar Anselm von Gebsattel, all participating Catholic clergy were dressed in ordinary clothes instead of church vestments. The Protestant clergy were halted at the church door and not allowed to proceed inside for the service, so Ludwig Friedrich Schmidt gave the funeral sermon there. Afterwards, the funeral procession dissipated, and the coffin was placed in the burial crypt without ceremony. This treatment of his beloved stepmother permanently softened the attitude of Caroline's stepson Ludwig I of Bavaria
Ludwig I of Bavaria
Ludwig I was a German king of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states.-Crown prince:...
, who up until that time had been a strong opponent of Protestantism in spite of his marriage to the Protestant princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
Therese Charlotte Luise of Saxony-Hildburghausen was a queen of Bavaria.She was a daughter of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, and Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, eldest daughter of Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.-Biography:In 1809, she was on the list of...
.
{| class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" width=100% align="center"
|-
! style="background:#ccccff;"|Issue
|-
|
{| width=95% class="wikitable"
!Name
!width=60px | Portrait
!Birth
!Death
!Notes
|-
|align=center|Unnamed child ||align=center| ||align="center" colspan="2"| 1799 ||align=center|Stillborn
|-
|align=center|Maximilian Joseph Charles ||align=center| ||align=center|1800 ||align=center|1803 ||align=center|Died in childhood
|-
|align=center|Elizabeth Louise
Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria
Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria was a Princess of Bavaria and later Queen consort of Prussia.-Early life and family:...
Queen consort of Prussia ||align=center| ||align="center" rowspan="2"| 13 November 1801
(twins) ||align=center|14 December 1873 ||align=center|Married in 1823 the future King Frederick William IV of Prussia
Frederick William IV of Prussia
|align=right|Upon his accession, he toned down the reactionary policies enacted by his father, easing press censorship and promising to enact a constitution at some point, but he refused to enact a popular legislative assembly, preferring to work with the aristocracy through "united committees" of...
and had no issue
|-
|align=center|Amalie Auguste
Amalie Auguste of Bavaria
Amalie Auguste was a Princess of Bavaria and Queen of Saxony.-Biography:Amalie was the fourth child of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his second wife Karoline of Baden. She was the identical twin sister of Elizabeth Louise, later Queen of Prussia as wife of Frederick William IV of Prussia...
Queen consort of Saxony ||align=center| ||align=center|8 November 1877 ||align=center|Married in 1822 the future King John of Saxony and had issue
|-
|align=center|Maria Anna Leopoldine
Queen consort of Saxony ||align=center|
||align="center" rowspan="2"|27 January 1805(twins again) ||align=center|13 September 1877 ||align=center|Married in 1833 the future King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony
Frederick Augustus II of Saxony
Frederick Augustus II |Tyrol]], 9 August 1854) was King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.He was the eldest son of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony --younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony—by his...
and had no issue
|-
|align=center|Sophia Frederica
Princess Sophie of Bavaria
Sophie Friederike Dorothee Wilhelmine, Princess of Bavaria was born to King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his second wife Karoline of Baden. She was the identical twin sister of Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria, Queen of Saxony as wife of Frederick Augustus II of Saxony...
Archduchess of Austria||align=center|
||align=center|28 May 1872 ||align=center|Married in 1824 Archduke Franz Karl of AustriaArchduke Franz Karl of Austria
Archduke Franz Karl Joseph of Austria from the House of Habsburg was father of two emperors as well as the grandfather of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, whose assassination sparked the hostilities that led to the outbreak of World War I, and the greatgrandfather of the last Habsburg...
and had issue
|-
|align=center|Ludovika Wilhelmina
Duchess in Bavaria ||align=center| ||align=center| 30 August 1808 ||align=center|25 January 1892 ||align=center|Married in 1828 Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria
|-
|align=center|Maximiliana Josepha Caroline ||align=center| ||align=center|1810 ||align=center|1821 ||align=center|Died in childhood
|}