Catterick, North Yorkshire
Encyclopedia
Catterick sometimes Catterick Village, to distinguish it from the nearby Catterick Garrison
, is a village
and civil parish
in the Richmondshire
district of North Yorkshire
, England
. It dates back to Roman times, when Cataractonium was a Roman
fort protecting the crossing of the Great North Road and Dere Street
over the River Swale
.
Ptolemy
's Geographia
of c.150
mentions it as a landmark to locate the 24th clime
.
Catterick is thought to be the site of the Battle of Catraeth (c.598
) mentioned in the Welsh
language poem Y Gododdin
. This was fought between Celtic British or Brythonic
kingdoms and the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Bernicia
. Catraeth was then a seat of the British kingdom of Rheged
. Paulinus of York
performed baptisms nearby in the River Swale
.
In later times, it prospered as a coaching town where travellers up the Great North Road would stop overnight and refresh themselves and their horse
s; today's Angel Inn was once a coaching inn
. Saint Anne
's Church overlooks the village and has Norman
roots. A mile to the south-east are the surviving earthworks of Killerby Castle, a medieval motte-and-bailey
castle.
John Catterick
, the Bishop of Exeter
, probably came from the village.
Theophilus Lindsey
, the Unitarian
minister and theologian, held the vicarage of Catterick for ten years from 1763 until 1773, partly to live close to his friend and father in law Francis Blackburne
. David Simpson
also visited. In around 1764 he founded one of the first Sunday schools in England in the village.
The noted stock breeder Thomas Booth
was the owner and farmer of the nearby estate of Killerby.
Alexander John Scott
held the vicarage of Catterick from 1816 until his death in 1840.
Sir William Brown, 1st Baronet, of Richmond Hill attended school in Catterick. William Henry Angas
attended boarding school at Catterick. George Fife Angas
attended Catterick School from 1801-04.
Frederick John Jackson, the colonial governor and naturalist, was born in Catterick in 1860.
At the 2001 Census
, Catterick Village had 2,743 residents, most of whom work in the adjacent Garrison
, in farming, or in the local towns of Richmond
, Darlington
, Northallerton
or on Teesside
. Previously RAF Catterick
the airfield to the south of the village was transferred to the Army
and is now Marne
Barracks, named after the site of two significant battles of World War I
.
The £1m A1 bypass was opened in 1959 by Lord Chesham
, the Joint Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport
.
Catterick Garrison
Catterick Garrison is a major Army base located in Northern England. It is the largest British Army garrison in the world with a population of around 12,000, plus a large temporary population of soldiers, and is larger than its older neighbour...
, is a village
Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New...
and civil parish
Civil parish
In England, a civil parish is a territorial designation and, where they are found, the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties...
in the Richmondshire
Richmondshire
Richmondshire is a local government district of North Yorkshire, England. It covers a large northern area of the Yorkshire Dales including Swaledale and Arkengarthdale, Wensleydale and Coverdale, with the prominent Scots' Dyke and Scotch Corner along the centre. Teesdale lies to the north...
district of North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of , making it the largest...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
. It dates back to Roman times, when Cataractonium was a Roman
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
fort protecting the crossing of the Great North Road and Dere Street
Dere Street
Dere Street or Deere Street, was a Roman road between Eboracum and Veluniate, in what is now Scotland. It still exists in the form of the route of many major roads, including the A1 and A68 just north of Corbridge.Its name corresponds with the post Roman Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Deira, through...
over the River Swale
River Swale
The River Swale is a river in Yorkshire, England and a major tributary of the River Ure, which itself becomes the River Ouse, emptying into the North Sea via the Humber Estuary....
.
Ptolemy
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy , was a Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the...
's Geographia
Geographia (Ptolemy)
The Geography is Ptolemy's main work besides the Almagest...
of c.150
150
Year 150 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Squilla and Vetus...
mentions it as a landmark to locate the 24th clime
Clime
The seven climes was a notion of dividing the Earth into zones in Classical Antiquity....
.
Catterick is thought to be the site of the Battle of Catraeth (c.598
598
Year 598 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 598 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- British Isles :* Battle of Catraeth at Catterick,...
) mentioned in the Welsh
Welsh language
Welsh is a member of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales, by some along the Welsh border in England, and in Y Wladfa...
language poem Y Gododdin
Y Gododdin
Y Gododdin is a medieval Welsh poem consisting of a series of elegies to the men of the Britonnic kingdom of Gododdin and its allies who, according to the conventional interpretation, died fighting the Angles of Deira and Bernicia at a place named Catraeth...
. This was fought between Celtic British or Brythonic
Britons (historical)
The Britons were the Celtic people culturally dominating Great Britain from the Iron Age through the Early Middle Ages. They spoke the Insular Celtic language known as British or Brythonic...
kingdoms and the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Bernicia
Bernicia
Bernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England....
. Catraeth was then a seat of the British kingdom of Rheged
Rheged
Rheged is described in poetic sources as one of the kingdoms of the Hen Ogledd , the Brythonic-speaking region of what is now northern England and southern Scotland, during the Early Middle Ages...
. Paulinus of York
Paulinus of York
Paulinus was a Roman missionary and the first Bishop of York. A member of the Gregorian mission sent in 601 by Pope Gregory I to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism, Paulinus arrived in England by 604 with the second missionary group...
performed baptisms nearby in the River Swale
River Swale
The River Swale is a river in Yorkshire, England and a major tributary of the River Ure, which itself becomes the River Ouse, emptying into the North Sea via the Humber Estuary....
.
In later times, it prospered as a coaching town where travellers up the Great North Road would stop overnight and refresh themselves and their horse
Horse
The horse is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus, or the wild horse. It is a single-hooved mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today...
s; today's Angel Inn was once a coaching inn
Coaching inn
In Europe, from approximately the mid-17th century for a period of about 200 years, the coaching inn, sometimes called a coaching house or staging inn, was a vital part of the inland transport infrastructure, as an inn serving coach travelers...
. Saint Anne
Saint Anne
Saint Hanna of David's house and line, was the mother of the Virgin Mary and grandmother of Jesus Christ according to Christian and Islamic tradition. English Anne is derived from Greek rendering of her Hebrew name Hannah...
's Church overlooks the village and has Norman
Norman architecture
About|Romanesque architecture, primarily English|other buildings in Normandy|Architecture of Normandy.File:Durham Cathedral. Nave by James Valentine c.1890.jpg|thumb|200px|The nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the...
roots. A mile to the south-east are the surviving earthworks of Killerby Castle, a medieval motte-and-bailey
Motte-and-bailey
A motte-and-bailey is a form of castle, with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised earthwork called a motte, accompanied by an enclosed courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade...
castle.
John Catterick
John Catterick
John Catterick was a medieval Bishop of St David's, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and Bishop of Exeter....
, the Bishop of Exeter
Bishop of Exeter
The Bishop of Exeter is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Exeter in the Province of Canterbury. The incumbent usually signs his name as Exon or incorporates this in his signature....
, probably came from the village.
Theophilus Lindsey
Theophilus Lindsey
Theophilus Lindsey was an English theologian and clergyman who founded the first avowedly Unitarian congregation in the country, at Essex Street Chapel.-Life:...
, the Unitarian
Unitarianism
Unitarianism is a Christian theological movement, named for its understanding of God as one person, in direct contrast to Trinitarianism which defines God as three persons coexisting consubstantially as one in being....
minister and theologian, held the vicarage of Catterick for ten years from 1763 until 1773, partly to live close to his friend and father in law Francis Blackburne
Francis Blackburne (archdeacon)
Francis Blackburne was an English Anglican churchman, archdeacon of Cleveland and an activist against the requirement of subscription to the Thirty Nine Articles.-Life:...
. David Simpson
David Simpson (priest)
Rev David Simpson, M.A. was an Anglican priest who spent most of his career in Macclesfield, Cheshire, England.-Early life and education:...
also visited. In around 1764 he founded one of the first Sunday schools in England in the village.
The noted stock breeder Thomas Booth
Thomas Booth
Thomas Booth was a stock breeder and improver.Booth was owner and farmer of the estate of Killerby near Catterick, Yorkshire, where, in 1790, he turned his particular attention to the breeding of shorthorns, selecting his cows from Mr. Broader of Fairholme, and the bulls from the stock of his...
was the owner and farmer of the nearby estate of Killerby.
Alexander John Scott
Alexander John Scott
Reverend Dr. Alexander John Scott was a chaplain who served in the Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He served as Horatio Nelson's personal chaplain at the Battle of Trafalgar, and had previously served as his private secretary...
held the vicarage of Catterick from 1816 until his death in 1840.
Sir William Brown, 1st Baronet, of Richmond Hill attended school in Catterick. William Henry Angas
William Henry Angas
William Henry Angas , was an English sailor missionary. He was born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He went to sea and was captured by a French privateer, and imprisoned for a year and a half. He afterwards commanded ships of his father's, but became a Baptist minister in 1817 after a year's study at...
attended boarding school at Catterick. George Fife Angas
George Fife Angas
George Fife Angas was an English businessman and banker who, from England, played a significant part in the formation and establishment of the Colony of South Australia. He established the South Australian Company and was its founding chairman of the board of directors...
attended Catterick School from 1801-04.
Frederick John Jackson, the colonial governor and naturalist, was born in Catterick in 1860.
At the 2001 Census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
, Catterick Village had 2,743 residents, most of whom work in the adjacent Garrison
Catterick Garrison
Catterick Garrison is a major Army base located in Northern England. It is the largest British Army garrison in the world with a population of around 12,000, plus a large temporary population of soldiers, and is larger than its older neighbour...
, in farming, or in the local towns of Richmond
Richmond, North Yorkshire
Richmond is a market town and civil parish on the River Swale in North Yorkshire, England and is the administrative centre of the district of Richmondshire. It is situated on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, and serves as the Park's main tourist centre...
, Darlington
Darlington
Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, part of the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It lies on the small River Skerne, a tributary of the River Tees, not far from the main river. It is the main population centre in the borough, with a population of 97,838 as of 2001...
, Northallerton
Northallerton
Northallerton is an affluent market town and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Vale of Mowbray and at the northern end of the Vale of York. It has a population of 15,741 according to the 2001 census...
or on Teesside
Teesside
Teesside is the name given to the conurbation in the north east of England made up of the towns of Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees, Redcar, Billingham and surrounding settlements near the River Tees. It was also the name of a local government district between 1968 and 1974—the County Borough of...
. Previously RAF Catterick
RAF Catterick
RAF Catterick is a former Royal Air Force airfield located near Catterick, North Yorkshire in England.-History:Catterick airfield first opened in 1914 as a Royal Flying Corps aerodrome with the role of training pilots and to assist in the defence of the North East of England...
the airfield to the south of the village was transferred to the Army
British Army
The British Army is the land warfare branch of Her Majesty's Armed Forces in the United Kingdom. It came into being with the unification of the Kingdom of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army incorporated Regiments that had already existed in England...
and is now Marne
Marne
Marne is a department in north-eastern France named after the river Marne which flows through the department. The prefecture of Marne is Châlons-en-Champagne...
Barracks, named after the site of two significant battles of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
.
The £1m A1 bypass was opened in 1959 by Lord Chesham
John Cavendish, 5th Baron Chesham
John Charles Compton Cavendish, 5th Baron Chesham, PC , was a British Conservative politician.A member of the Cavendish family headed by the Duke of Devonshire, Chesham was the son of John Compton Cavendish, 4th Baron Chesham and Margot Mills...
, the Joint Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport was a junior position at the British Ministry of Transport. The office was renamed Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of War Transport in 1941, but resumed its former name at the end of the Second World War.-Parliamentary Secretaries to the...
.