Chadian presidential election, 1996
Encyclopedia
Presidential election were held in Chad
on 2 June 1996, with a second round on 3 July. This was the first multiparty presidential election in the history of Chad
since its independence. It occurred at the end of a long transitional process and was repeatedly delayed. The election was won by the incumbent President
Idriss Déby
, who easily defeated a prominent southern politician, Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué
, in the second round. Déby benefited from the support of another southern politician, Saleh Kebzabo
, who placed third in the first round. The election was marred by widespread and credible reports of electoral fraud
and government intimidation of opposition forces, confirmed by international observers. Voter turnout was 67.5% in the first round and 77.7% in the second.
Following his victory, Déby was sworn in on August 8, 1996.
Chad
Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
on 2 June 1996, with a second round on 3 July. This was the first multiparty presidential election in the history of Chad
History of Chad
Chad , officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country next to the Atlantic ocean in Central Africa. It borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
since its independence. It occurred at the end of a long transitional process and was repeatedly delayed. The election was won by the incumbent President
Heads of state of Chad
-List of Heads of State of Chad:-Affiliations:-External links:**...
Idriss Déby
Idriss Déby
General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:...
, who easily defeated a prominent southern politician, Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué
Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué
Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué was a Chadian politician and former army officer. Kamougué was a leading figure in the 1975 coup d'état and since then he has held several positions in the Chadian government and legislature. He was Vice-President from 1979 to 1982 and was President of the National...
, in the second round. Déby benefited from the support of another southern politician, Saleh Kebzabo
Saleh Kebzabo
Saleh Kebzabo is a Chadian politician. He is the President of the National Union for Democracy and Renewal and a Deputy in the National Assembly of Chad.-Political career:...
, who placed third in the first round. The election was marred by widespread and credible reports of electoral fraud
Electoral fraud
Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates or both...
and government intimidation of opposition forces, confirmed by international observers. Voter turnout was 67.5% in the first round and 77.7% in the second.
Following his victory, Déby was sworn in on August 8, 1996.
Results
| Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
| Idriss Déby Idriss Déby General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:... |
Patriotic Salvation Movement Patriotic Salvation Movement The Patriotic Salvation Movement is the ruling political party in Chad.After Idriss Déby, an army commander who participated in an unsuccessful plot against President Hissène Habré in 1989, fled to Sudan, he and his supporters, known as the April 1 Movement, operated from Sudan with Libyan backing... (MPS) |
1,016,277 | 43.82 | 2.102.907 | 69.09 |
| Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué was a Chadian politician and former army officer. Kamougué was a leading figure in the 1975 coup d'état and since then he has held several positions in the Chadian government and legislature. He was Vice-President from 1979 to 1982 and was President of the National... |
Union for Renewal and Democracy Union for Renewal and Democracy The Union for Renewal and Democracy is a political party in Chad. Its President is Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué.The party, which has always been based around Kamougué, was founded in March 1992 and legalized in May 1992... (URD) |
287,512 | 12.39 | 834,568 | 30.91 |
| Saleh Kebzabo Saleh Kebzabo Saleh Kebzabo is a Chadian politician. He is the President of the National Union for Democracy and Renewal and a Deputy in the National Assembly of Chad.-Political career:... |
National Union for Democracy and Renewal National Union for Democracy and Renewal The National Union for Democracy and Renewal is a political party in Chad, led by Saleh Kebzabo.In the 1997 parliamentary election, the UNDR won 15 out of 125 seats. In the parliamentary election held on 21 April 2002, the party won five out of 155 seats.... (UNDR) |
199,691 | 8.61 | ||
| Jean Alingué Bawoyeu Jean Alingué Bawoyeu Jean Alingué Bawoyeu , known in French as the vieux sage, which translates as "wise elder", is a Chadian politician. A Christian, his base of support is in Tandjilé, in southern Chad, from which he originates. He was President of the National Assembly in 1990 and then Prime Minister from 1991 to 1992... |
Union for Democracy and Republic Union for Democracy and Republic (Chad) The Union for Democracy and Republic is a Chadian political party founded in 1992. In March the party elected as its president Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, who had just left the position of Prime Minister. In the parliamentary election of 1997 the party took 4 seats and initially supported the president... (UDR) |
192,816 | 8.30 | ||
| Lol Mahamat Choua | Rally for Democracy and Progress Rally for Democracy and Progress (Chad) The Rally for Democracy and Progress is a political party in Chad, led by Lol Mahamat Choua.The party was founded by Choua in December 1991 and was among the first batch of political parties to be legalized in March 1992.... (RDP) |
137,612 | 5.93 | ||
| Younous Ibédou | Convention of Social-Democrat Chadians | 76,263 | 3.29 | ||
| Adoum Moussa Seif | National Democratic and Social Convention National Democratic and Social Convention The National Democratic and Social Convention is a political party in Chad.At the last legislative elections, 21 April 2002, the party won according to IPU Parline 1 out of 155 seats.... (CNDS) |
67,496 | 2.91 | ||
| Abdoulaye Lamana | National Union National Union (Chad) The National Union is a political party in Chad.At the last legislative elections, 21 April 2002, the party won according to IPU Parline 1 out of 155 seats.... (UN) |
63,671 | 2.74 | ||
| Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye Nouradine Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye is a Chadian politician and the head of the National Rally for Development and Progress political party. After serving as a minister in the government during the 1980s and early 1990s; he was Prime Minister of Chad from November 6, 1993 to April 8, 1995 and again... |
National Rally for Development and Progress National Rally for Development and Progress The National Rally for Development and Progress is a political party in Chad, led by Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye. It was founded in early 1992, with Koumakoye as its President.... (RNDP) |
53,260 | 2.29 | ||
| Ngarlejy Yorongar Ngarlejy Yorongar Ngarlejy Koji Yorongar le Moinban is a Chadian politician. He is the Executive Federal Coordinator of the Federation, Action for the Republic , a radical opposition party, as well as a Deputy in the National Assembly of Chad and President of the Federation Parliamentary Group.-Early career:Before... |
Federation, Action for the Republic (FAR) | 48,407 | 2.08 | ||
| Mahamat Abdoulaye | People's Movement for Democracy in Chad People's Movement for Democracy in Chad The People's Movement for Democracy in Chad is a political party in Chad.In the parliamentary election held on 21 April 2002, the party won five out of 155 seats. In the May 2006 presidential election, its candidate, Mahamat Abdoulaye, won 7.07 % of the vote.... (MPDT) |
47,830 | 2.06 | ||
| Abbas Mahamat Ambadi | Independent | 37,568 | 1.62 | ||
| Naimbaye Lossimian | Action for the Republic, Democracy and Development (ARD) | 35,420 | 1.52 | ||
| Adoum Hassan Issa | National Union for the Reform of Chad | 28,877 | 1.24 | ||
| Elie Romba | Democratic Union for Progress in Chad (UDPT) | 26,008 | 1.12 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 88,224 | ||||
| 69,699 | |||||
| Total | 2,406,962 | 100 | 3,007,174 | 100 | |
| Source: Nohlen et al | |||||