Charles Hampden-Turner
Encyclopedia
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, England) is a British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
management philosopher, and Senior Research Associate at the Judge Business School
Judge Business School
Cambridge Judge Business School, formerly known as the Judge Institute of Management Studies, is the business school of the University of Cambridge. Established in 1990, the School is a provider of management education and is consistently ranked as one of the world's leading business schools. It is...
at the University of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
since 1990. He is the creator of Dilemma Theory, and co-founder and Director of Research and Development at the Trompenaars-Hampden-Turner Group, in Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The current position of Amsterdam as capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is governed by the constitution of August 24, 1815 and its successors. Amsterdam has a population of 783,364 within city limits, an urban population...
.
Biography
Hampden-Turner was born in LondonLondon
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
in 1934 and grew up in Cambridge
Cambridge
The city of Cambridge is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies in East Anglia about north of London. Cambridge is at the heart of the high-technology centre known as Silicon Fen – a play on Silicon Valley and the fens surrounding the...
, in a house on the site where Robinson College now stands. He was educated at Wellington College
Wellington College, Berkshire
-Former pupils:Notable former pupils include historian P. J. Marshall, architect Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, impressionist Rory Bremner, Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge, author Sebastian Faulks, language school pioneer John Haycraft, political journalist Robin Oakley, actor Sir Christopher...
, a military public school attended by his father, and did his national service with the same regiment his father had served in, the Suffolk Regiment.
University of Cambridge & Harvard University
On finishing military service, Hampden-Turner attended Trinity College, Cambridge
Trinity College, Cambridge
Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Trinity has more members than any other college in Cambridge or Oxford, with around 700 undergraduates, 430 graduates, and over 170 Fellows...
, to read Social History, for the first part of the undergraduate Tripos. For Tripos II, he read Law. Politically, he was a keen debater, and spoke often in the Cambridge Union Society
Cambridge Union Society
The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...
, from the vantage of being a committee member and elected Chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association.
After coming down from university to London, Hampden-Turner spent a brief period working with an advertising agency, before applying to study for an MBA at the Harvard Business School
Harvard Business School
Harvard Business School is the graduate business school of Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts, United States and is widely recognized as one of the top business schools in the world. The school offers the world's largest full-time MBA program, doctoral programs, and many executive...
. In his second (and final) year of the MBA he discovered a talent for Organisational Behaviour (gaining several distinctions in related subjects), starting a lifelong interest, and providing an intellectual background to make sense of his time in Cambridge politics. He joined the Harvard faculty as a research associate in the Department of Organisational Behaviour, which he decided to combine with reading for a Doctorate (a DBA, there being no PhD available at the time). A part of his thesis won the Douglas McGregor Memorial Award (1966) and a prize from the Columbia University Centre for the Study of the Corporation (1967). He published his Doctoral Thesis as ‘Radical Man’ in 1969, which sold in paperback with Doubleday, some 70,000 copies in 3 languages.
He joined an inter-disciplinary Harvard program on graduation from his Doctorate, focusing on work with a group of Black Community organizers. This work on human rights continued, until the then President of Harvard indicated he was keen to restrain scholars from working on social problems at the sharp end, saying “Scholars should not involve themselves in the nation’s slums and ghettoes.” Hampden-Turner disagreed, and moved on.
The Cambridge Institute
Following Harvard, Hampden-Turner joined a radical think tank, The Cambridge Institute, founded by historian Gar Alperowitz and sociologist Christopher Jencks, staffed largely with Harvard and MIT members. The group avoided fashionable socialist and Marxist views, preferring a free-thinking approach in search of new social solutions. For three years, Hampden-Turner worked in ghettoes, and poor rural communities, from the Bedford-Stuyvesant Corporation in New York, to Eskimo reindeer herding in Alaska and getting in the watermelon harvest in Southwest Georgia, developing social and intellectual policy solutions.
The Wright Institute
This was an “alternative” cross-disciplinary graduate school originally a spin-out of Stanford University
Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...
but now adjoining the Berkeley campus. It was founded and presided over by Nevitt Sanford, the political scientist and author of The Authoritarian Personality. Hampden-Turner worked here for five years, until the death of the founder. During this time he was elected President of the Association for Humanistic Psychology (1974) and completed Maps of the Mind which was selected as a Premium Book for those joining The Book of the Month Club for Science. It sold over 100,000 in the US alone.
Shell
He returned to the UK permanently in 1981 to work for Group Planning in Shell. After three years they endowed a senior fellowship for him at the London Business School
London Business School
London Business School is an international business school and a constituent college of the federal University of London, located in central London, beside Regent's Park...
. While at Shell he met his future partner Fons Trompenaars
Fons Trompenaars
Fons Trompenaars is a Dutch author and consultant in the field of cross-cultural communication. His books include: Riding the Waves of Culture, Seven Cultures of Capitalism, Building Cross-Cultural Competence, 21 Leaders for the 21st Century and Innovating in a Global Crisis...
, with whom he founded his company. The Global Business Network nominated Hampden-Turner as a “Remarkable Person” in 1987 and he has also created scenarios for them.
Return to the UK
As the Seventies drew to an end, Hampden-Turner was becoming increasingly concerned about his own country. He won a Rockefeller Fellowship in 1979 and took it to the Tavistock Institute for Human Relations in London where he was Visiting Scientist and wrote Gentlemen and Tradesmen, a cultural analysis of the nation’s slow economic growth. He had consulted often to the Values and Lifestyles section at SRI International in Menlo Park. When Shell Planning in London offered several members of the team roles in creating Alternative Scenarios of the Future, Hampden-Turner decided to join them and moved his family to London. He used dilemma theory with great success and in 1986 his employers sponsored the Royal Dutch Shell Senior Research Fellowship for him at the London Business School
London Business School
London Business School is an international business school and a constituent college of the federal University of London, located in central London, beside Regent's Park...
. While at Shell he met his partner of thirty years Fons Trompenaars
Fons Trompenaars
Fons Trompenaars is a Dutch author and consultant in the field of cross-cultural communication. His books include: Riding the Waves of Culture, Seven Cultures of Capitalism, Building Cross-Cultural Competence, 21 Leaders for the 21st Century and Innovating in a Global Crisis...
. Together they founded Trompanaars Hampden-Turner, an Amsterdam based, cross-cultural consultancy organisation, which is still prospering. Its clients have included companies such as Motorola
Motorola
Motorola, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, which was eventually divided into two independent public companies, Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on January 4, 2011, after losing $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009...
, Royal Dutch Shell
Royal Dutch Shell
Royal Dutch Shell plc , commonly known as Shell, is a global oil and gas company headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands and with its registered office in London, United Kingdom. It is the fifth-largest company in the world according to a composite measure by Forbes magazine and one of the six...
, Advanced Micro Devices
Advanced Micro Devices
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. or AMD is an American multinational semiconductor company based in Sunnyvale, California, that develops computer processors and related technologies for commercial and consumer markets...
, British Telecom, Applied Materials
Applied Materials
Applied Materials, Inc. is a capital equipment producer serving the semiconductor, TFT LCD display, Glass, WEB and solar manufacturing industries....
, General Motors
General Motors
General Motors Company , commonly known as GM, formerly incorporated as General Motors Corporation, is an American multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan and the world's second-largest automaker in 2010...
, British Airways
British Airways
British Airways is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom, based in Waterside, near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport. British Airways is the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations...
, TRW, McKinsey, A.T. Kearney
A.T. Kearney
A.T. Kearney is a global management consulting firm, focusing on strategic and operational CEO-agenda concerns. It was founded in 1926, and its head office is in Chicago, Illinois...
, Unilever
Unilever
Unilever is a British-Dutch multinational corporation that owns many of the world's consumer product brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products....
, IBM
IBM
International Business Machines Corporation or IBM is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas...
, Linde and Rockwell Automation. In 1987, Hampden-Turner became a Global Business Network “Remarkable Person”, joining the resources of one of the world’s most important think-tanks.
A return to Cambridge and the Judge Institute of Management Studies
Hampden-Turner arrived back in Cambridge to work as a Senior Research associate with the Judge Institute of Management Studies, in the autumn term of 1991. Since then, he has supervised 14 PhD’s at Judge and several MPhils. Two of his three MBA thesis supervisions, won the Best Thesis of the Year Prize at Judge. He was a visiting scholar at MIT (1992-5) and in 2001 was included in the Financial Times World Business Thinkers list. In 2003 he toured nine Chinese universities, as the Hutchinson Cambridge University Visiting Scholar, and then became (2003-5) the Goh Tjoe Kok Distinguished Visiting Professor at Nanyang Technological University
Nanyang Technological University
Nanyang Technological University is one of the two largest public universities in Singapore with the biggest campus in Singapore and the world's largest engineering college. Its lush 200-hectare Yunnan Garden campus was the Youth Olympic Village of the world's first 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in...
from 2003-05. He has also taught at European universities, Erasmus, Leiden, Solvay, Delft, Groningen, IMD, Helsinki and Utrecht.
His prolific publication continues, with bestseller ‘Riding the Waves of Culture’ (1997) – now passed 180,000 sales and in its thirteenth language (Bulgarian), and ‘Managing People Across Cultures’ (2004), both authored with Fons Trompenaars
Fons Trompenaars
Fons Trompenaars is a Dutch author and consultant in the field of cross-cultural communication. His books include: Riding the Waves of Culture, Seven Cultures of Capitalism, Building Cross-Cultural Competence, 21 Leaders for the 21st Century and Innovating in a Global Crisis...
, which provide significant insight into the leadership lessons and cultural dilemmas that may be considered to be at the root of the problems in the working conditions within corporations in the developing world. His recent book ‘The Titans of Saturn’ (Sept 2005), co-authored with Bram Groen described the 18-nation space mission to Saturn and Titan.
From 2005, he has been a Consulting Supervisor in the Institute for Manufacturing at the School of Engineering, University of Cambridge.
Universtities where Hampden-Turner has taught
Universities at which Hampden-Turner has taught were Harvard University, University of Cambridge, Brandeis University, University of California, University of Toronto, London Business School, Leiden (in the Netherlands), Erasmus University (in the Netherlands), Solvay (in Belgium) and Sungkyunkwan (in Korea).
Social participations
Hampden-Turner was a Fellow of the Cybernetics Society
Cybernetics Society
The Cybernetics Society is the UK based learned society that exists to promote the understanding of cybernetics. The core activity of the Cybernetics Society is the organization and facilitation of scientific meetings, conferences, and social events...
in the USA and is currently a Fellow Royal Society for the Arts, as well as an Honorary Fellow of Arts and Business. He has also donated his services to Cambridge University for 16 years and has helped out on occasion at the University of Bedfordshire
University of Bedfordshire
The University of Bedfordshire is based in Luton and Bedford, the two largest towns in the English county of Bedfordshire. The university was created by the merger of the University of Luton and the Bedford campus of De Montfort University on 1 August 2006 following approval by the Privy Council...
where he is currently a Visiting Professor, Essex University where he is a Fellow in Entrepreneurship Studies and at Bath, Cranfield, Ashcroft, and Anglia Universities, all unpaid posts.
Awards
His doctoral thesis received the Douglas McGregor Memorial Award and a prize from the Columbia University Centre for the Study of the Corporation. He won a Guggenheim Fellowship
Guggenheim Fellowship
Guggenheim Fellowships are American grants that have been awarded annually since 1925 by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those "who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the arts." Each year, the foundation makes...
to write up his experiences in The War on Poverty, which he published as Strategy for Poor Americans. He won a Rockefeller Fellowship a few years later and used it to become a Visiting Scientist at the Tavistock Institute for Human Relations in 1979. He studied the cultural reasons for Britain’s slow growth, which culminated in the publication of Gentlemen and Tradesmen.
He was recently made a Fellow the Royal Society of Arts
Royal Society of Arts
The Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufacturers and Commerce is a British multi-disciplinary institution, based in London. The name Royal Society of Arts is frequently used for brevity...
, he is also an Honorary Fellow of Arts and Business, and was the Goh Tjoe Kok Distinguished Visiting Professor at Nanyang Technological University
Nanyang Technological University
Nanyang Technological University is one of the two largest public universities in Singapore with the biggest campus in Singapore and the world's largest engineering college. Its lush 200-hectare Yunnan Garden campus was the Youth Olympic Village of the world's first 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in...
in Singapore
Singapore
Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
. In addition, he has been the Cambridge University Hutchinson Visiting Scholar to China in 2003, touring Chinese Universities at the invitation of Li Ka Shing Foundation
Li Ka Shing Foundation
The Li Ka Shing Foundation is a Hong Kong and Canada-based charitable organization founded in 1980 by Hong Kong entrepreneur and philanthropist Li Ka Shing, with a mission to nurture "a culture of giving" in society...
.
Work: Overview
Hampden-Turner intellectual interests developed from his time as an undergraduate at Cambridge (BA Trinity), the Chairman of Cambridge University Conservative AssociationCambridge University Conservative Association
The Cambridge University Conservative Association is a long-established political society going back to 1921, with roots in the late nineteenth century, as a Conservative branch for students at Cambridge University in England...
, and a committee member of the Cambridge Union Society
Cambridge Union Society
The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...
at the time of the Suez conflict. He refined and developed his ideas at Harvard, during both his MBA and DBA, and during his time on the Harvard faculty, publishing his thesis as Radical Man: Towards a theory of Psycho-social Development in 1969. He joined “The War on Poverty” and he worked with Black and Puerto Rican Empowerment Groups, being strongly orientated towards free thinking and community-based capitalism, rather than Marxism
Marxism
Marxism is an economic and sociopolitical worldview and method of socioeconomic inquiry that centers upon a materialist interpretation of history, a dialectical view of social change, and an analysis and critique of the development of capitalism. Marxism was pioneered in the early to mid 19th...
or Communism
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
.
Dilemma theory
Recently he has concentrated on refining Dilemma Theory, connecting paradox to innovation, ethical decision making, new digital pedagogies that stress narrative and drama and entrepreneurship eco-systems in general. He is Visiting Professor to the Chinese Enterprise Centre at Nanyang and is producing DVDs and filmed case materials on sustainable development. He has supervised 14 PhD theses for the Judge Business School, and 2 of his 3 MBA thesis supervisions won ‘the best thesis of the year’ prize. At present, he is a consulting supervisor at the Institute for ManufacturingInstitute for Manufacturing
The Institute for Manufacturing was founded in 1998 and is part of the Cambridge University Engineering Department. Originally Division E: Manufacture and Management, the IfM was formed under the leadership of Prof...
in the Department of Engineering at the University of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
.
Social Marketing concept
The conclusion to Hampden-Turner’ intellectual work at his time at the Cambridge institute was the “Social Marketing” concept, which he devised for the Community Development corporations he was working with. This linked market forces to the social benefits bestowed by consumers. This led to the 1974 publication of From Poverty to Dignity: Strategy for Poor Americans. In the last chapter he imagined what CDCs might become and an enthusiastic reader flew him to San Francisco where it seemed his dream had become true. The Delancey Street FoundationDelancey Street Foundation
The Delancey Street Foundation, often simply referred to as Delancey Street, is a non-profit organization based in San Francisco that provides residential rehabilitation services and vocational training for substance abusers and convicted criminals...
ran twelve businesses, using the money to rehabilitate ex-cons and addicts through work. He passed the grant to write his book Sane Asylum through the Wright Institute. It was in trying to understand crime and drug addiction that Dilemma Theory was born, much influenced by his informal mentor Gregory Bateson, the anthropologist. Those he interviewed at the Foundation had faced such appalling dilemmas that acting out violently or retreating into drugs was the way they had tried to cope, but these tactics only worsened their situations. The book sold well and was featured on the Today Show
Dilemmas of Innovation
Currently, Hampden-Turner is investigating the Dilemmas of Innovation and the inability of mere print, words and pictures to portray this adequately. He has turned to digital media and film to communicate his long-held convictions. He sees the future of innovation as building “cultures-that-create”. But these require pattern recognition and filmed case materials which reveal generative patterns.Much of his time is now spent attempting to make innovation measurable. Nanyang Technological University
Nanyang Technological University
Nanyang Technological University is one of the two largest public universities in Singapore with the biggest campus in Singapore and the world's largest engineering college. Its lush 200-hectare Yunnan Garden campus was the Youth Olympic Village of the world's first 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in...
has invited him to evaluate its “Technopreneurship and Innovation Programme” (TIP), a university post-graduate course much praised by its students and designed by his ex-PhD student, Tan Teng-Kee. The programme is run by Dr. Raymond Ferris Abelin. The evaluation is extremely positive and suggests that innovation can be taught, a most exciting prospect. A book titled "The Singapore Experiment" will be published on 30 November 2009 by Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge. Granted letters patent by Henry VIII in 1534, it is the world's oldest publishing house, and the second largest university press in the world...
.
A new interest is a return to the more political types of philosophy and the attempt to reconceive values as differences on a mental continuum. The common fallacy is that values are things, or like things, plays into the hands of extremists, who believe that the MORE you have of a value the more virtuous you become, so that all convictions escalate in vehemence. His thesis that values are differences which develop when reconciled gives a whole new perspective to the values of democracy and the Western Enlightenment. He believes we can put up a much stronger case against fundamentalism and terrorism and recently completed a 40 minute video on this issue.
Publications
Books/Monographs- 1970, Radical man. London: Duckworth.
- 1974, From Poverty to Dignity: a strategy for poor Americans. Garden City: New York.
- 1976, Sane Asylum: Inside the Delancey Street Foundation. San Francisco Book Company: San Francisco.
- 1981, Maps of the Mind: Charts and concepts of the mind and its labyrinths. Macmillan Publishing Company: New York.
- 1983, Gentlemen and tradesmen: the values of economic catastrophe. London: Routledge/Kegan Paul.
- 1990, Charting the corporate mind: from dilemma to strategy. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
- 1990, L'enterprise face a ses valeurs: cartographier les tensions et developer la synergie. Paris: Les Editions d'Organisation.
- 1993, with F. Trompenaars, The seven cultures of capitalism: value, systems for creating wealth in the United States, Britain, Japan, Germany, France, Sweden, and the Netherlands. London: Piatkus.
- 1994, Corporate culture: how to generate organisational strength and lasting commercial advantage. London: Piatkus.
- 1997, with F. Trompenaars, Mastering the infinite game: how East Asian values are transforming business practices. Oxford: Capstone.
- 1997, with F. Trompenaars, Riding the waves of culture: understanding cultural diversity in business. London: Nicholas Brealey.
- 2000, with F. Trompenaars, Building cross-cultural competence: how to create wealth from conflicting values. Chichester: Wiley.
- 2001, with F. Ttompenaars, 21 leaders for the 21st century: how innovative leaders manage in the digital age. Oxford: Capstone.
- 2004, with F. Trompenaars, Managing people across cultures. Chichester: Capstone.
- 2005, with B. Groen, The Titans of Saturn: leadership and performance lessons from the Cassini-Huygens mission. Singapore and London: Marshall Cavendish Business and Cyan Communications Ltd.
Book Chapters
- 1992, "Foreword." In Common, R., Flynn, N. and Mellon, E. (eds.): Managing public services: competition and decentralization. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, pp.vii-x.
- 1993, "Dilemmas of strategic learning loops." In Hendry, J. and Johnson, G., with Newton, J. (eds.): Strategic thinking: leadership and the management of change. Chichester: Wiley, pp. 327-346.
- 1994, "Foreword." In Huffington, C. and Brunning, H. (eds.): Internal consultancy in the public sector: case studies. London: Karnac Books, pp.xiii-xv.
- 1994, "Foreword." In McCaughan, N. and Palmer, B.: Systems thinking for harassed managers. London: Karnac Books, pp.xiii-xvii.
- 1996, "Strategic dilemmas occasioned by using alternative scenarios of the future." In Garratt, B. (ed.): Developing strategic thought: rediscovering the art of direction-giving. London: McGraw-Hill, pp. 99-138.
- 1996, "Mintzberg, Henry (1939-).", "Morgan, Gareth (1943-).", "Reich, Robert M. (1946-)." & "Schon, Donald (1930-)." In: Warner, M. (ed.): International encyclopedia of business and management. London: Routledge, 1st edition, pp. 3492-3495.
- 1996, "A world turned upside-down: doing business in Asia." In Joynt, P. and Warner, M. (eds.): Managing across cultures: issues and perspectives. London: International Thomson Business Press, 1st edition, pp. 275-305.
- 1996, "Designing the infinite game: the forty-fifth International Design Conference in Aspen." In Kao, J. (ed.): The new business of design. New York: Allworth, pp. 207-221.
- 1997, "Mintzberg, Henry (1939-)." In Sorge, A. and Warner, M. (eds.): The IEBM handbook of organizational behaviour. London: International Thomson Business Press, pp. 661-664.
- 1997, "Masters of the infinite game." In Mulgan, G. (ed.): Life after politics. London: Harper Collins, pp. 361-368.
- 1998, "Reich, Robert M. (1946-)."' "Mintzberg, Henry (1939-).", "Schon, Donald (1930-).", "Morgan, Gareth (1943-).", "Reich, Robert M. (1946-)." & "McGregor, Douglas (1906-64)." in: Warner, M. (ed.): The IEBM handbook of management thinking. London: International Thomson Business Press, pp. 466-469.
- 2000, "Perspectives on management in the Americas." In Warner, M. (ed.): Regional encyclopedia of business and management: vol.1: Management in the Americas. London: Thomson Learning, pp. 94-108.
- 2002, "A mirror-image world: doing business in Asia." In Warner, M. and Joynt, P. (eds.): Managing across cultures: issues and perspectives. London: Thomson Learning, 2nd edition, pp. 143-167.
- 2003, "Culture and management in Singapore." In Warner, M. (ed.): Culture and management in Asia. London: RoutledgeCurzon, pp. 171-186.
External links
- Charles Hampden-Turner.at jbs.cam.ac.uk.
- Charles Hampden-Turner at Global Business Network.
- Charles Hampden-Turner at 7d-culture.nl.
- BBC world service about Trompenaars and Hampden Turner.