Charles V, Duke of Lorraine
Encyclopedia
Charles V , Karl V. Leopold, (Charles Léopold Nicolas Sixte; 3 April 1643 – 18 April 1690), son of Nicolas François, Duke of Lorraine, and Claude Françoise de Lorraine. Karl Leopold was born in Vienna
and became the brother in law of Emperor Leopold and son in law of emperor Ferdinand III. He was a second cousin once
removed of his contemporary Louis XIV through the king's grandmother Marie de' Medici
.
was occupied by France
. Since 1663 he had been in imperial Habsburg
service and had a very notable military career. In 1675 he became imperial generalissimo
.
He was supposed to marry Marie Jeanne of Savoy (a cousin via Maria Jeanne's grandmother). Despite a marriage contract being signed, Charles backed out of the union and it was seen as void due to it not having been consummated. Marie Jeanne instead married Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy
.
The Habsburg connection was cemented by his marriage (1678) to Eleonora Maria Josefa, Archduchess of Austria (1653–1697), daughter of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
and Eleonore Gonzaga
. She was also the widow of Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland. She passed to her heirs the inheritance of the Gonzaga
of Mantua.
He was the younger brother of Ferdinand Philip of Lorraine who died at twenty years of age in 1659, with whose demise he inherited his aunt's Duchy of Bar
.
In the Imperial service, Charles led the Imperial contingent in the army which relieved Vienna
and Hungary
from the Turks
in 1683. (See Battle of Vienna
). He had first distinguished himself at the battle of August 1, 1664, fighting among Imperial forces against the Turks and had campaigned in Hungary with general Johann Sporck in 1671. He was in command at the siege of Murau in the Steiermark. The following year he was in command of Imperial cavalry under Raimondo Montecuccoli
. At Seneffe
in 1674 he received a head wound; in 1676 he was present at the siege of Philipsburg. As generalissimo of the Imperial army he. along with armies of several German states, in 1683 fought together with the king of Poland at the Battle of Vienna
against the Ottoman Empire Turks.
Following he led several campaigns against the Turks in Hungary. He took Buda in 1686
, and conquered the rest of Hungary, Slavonia
and Transylvania
in 1687.
Fallen ill a first time, he handed over command to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
, in May 1688. At the outbreak of the War of the Grand Alliance
, he led his army one more time against the French, but fallen ill a second time, he died on April 18, 1690. According to Voltaire
, Louis XIV paid tribute to him with the words, "I have lost the greatest, wisest and most generous of my enemies."
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
and became the brother in law of Emperor Leopold and son in law of emperor Ferdinand III. He was a second cousin once
removed of his contemporary Louis XIV through the king's grandmother Marie de' Medici
Marie de' Medici
Marie de Médicis , Italian Maria de' Medici, was queen consort of France, as the second wife of King Henry IV of France, of the House of Bourbon. She herself was a member of the wealthy and powerful House of Medici...
.
Biography
From a long established family of Lothringen, who had to take refuge from the forces of France. However, he managed to become the titular Duke of Lorraine in 1675 at a time when LorraineLorraine (province)
The Duchy of Upper Lorraine was an historical duchy roughly corresponding with the present-day northeastern Lorraine region of France, including parts of modern Luxembourg and Germany. The main cities were Metz, Verdun, and the historic capital Nancy....
was occupied by France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. Since 1663 he had been in imperial Habsburg
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
service and had a very notable military career. In 1675 he became imperial generalissimo
Generalissimo
Generalissimo and Generalissimus are military ranks of the highest degree, superior to Field Marshal and other five-star ranks.-Usage:...
.
He was supposed to marry Marie Jeanne of Savoy (a cousin via Maria Jeanne's grandmother). Despite a marriage contract being signed, Charles backed out of the union and it was seen as void due to it not having been consummated. Marie Jeanne instead married Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy
Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy
Charles Emmanuel II was the Duke of Savoy from 1638 to 1675 and under regency of his mother Christine Marie of France until 1663. He was also Marquis of Saluzzo, Count of Aosta, Geneva, Moriana and Nice, as well as claimant king of Cyprus and Jerusalem...
.
The Habsburg connection was cemented by his marriage (1678) to Eleonora Maria Josefa, Archduchess of Austria (1653–1697), daughter of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand III was Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria.-Life:...
and Eleonore Gonzaga
Eleonore Gonzaga
For other women of the same name, see Eleanor Gonzaga Eleonora Gonzaga was the second wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduchess consort of Austria, Queen of Germany, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia.- Biography :Born in Mantua in 1598, Eleonora was the youngest daughter of duke...
. She was also the widow of Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland. She passed to her heirs the inheritance of the Gonzaga
House of Gonzaga
The Gonzaga family ruled Mantua in Northern Italy from 1328 to 1708.-History:In 1433, Gianfrancesco I assumed the title of Marquis of Mantua, and in 1530 Federico II received the title of Duke of Mantua. In 1531, the family acquired the Duchy of Monferrato through marriage...
of Mantua.
He was the younger brother of Ferdinand Philip of Lorraine who died at twenty years of age in 1659, with whose demise he inherited his aunt's Duchy of Bar
Counts and dukes of Bar
Bar was a historic duchy of both the Holy Roman Empire and the crown of France, though later totally incorporated with Lorraine into France in 1766. The duchy of Bar includes the "pays" of Barrois.- History :...
.
In the Imperial service, Charles led the Imperial contingent in the army which relieved Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
and Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
from the Turks
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
in 1683. (See Battle of Vienna
Battle of Vienna
The Battle of Vienna took place on 11 and 12 September 1683 after Vienna had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months...
). He had first distinguished himself at the battle of August 1, 1664, fighting among Imperial forces against the Turks and had campaigned in Hungary with general Johann Sporck in 1671. He was in command at the siege of Murau in the Steiermark. The following year he was in command of Imperial cavalry under Raimondo Montecuccoli
Raimondo Montecuccoli
Raimondo, Count of Montecúccoli or Montecucculi was an Italian military general who also served as general for the Austrians, and was also a prince of the Holy Roman Empire and Neapolitan Duke of Melfi....
. At Seneffe
Battle of Seneffe
The Battle of Seneffe was fought on 11 August 1674 and resulted in a draw.The armies were under the command of Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé and the Dutch-German-Spanish army under William III of Orange....
in 1674 he received a head wound; in 1676 he was present at the siege of Philipsburg. As generalissimo of the Imperial army he. along with armies of several German states, in 1683 fought together with the king of Poland at the Battle of Vienna
Battle of Vienna
The Battle of Vienna took place on 11 and 12 September 1683 after Vienna had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months...
against the Ottoman Empire Turks.
Following he led several campaigns against the Turks in Hungary. He took Buda in 1686
Battle of Buda (1686)
The Battle of Buda was fought between the Holy League and Ottoman Turkey, as part of the follow-up campaign in Hungary after the Battle of Vienna...
, and conquered the rest of Hungary, Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
and Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
in 1687.
Fallen ill a first time, he handed over command to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
Maximilian II , also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire. He was also the last Governor of the Spanish Netherlands and duke of Luxembourg...
, in May 1688. At the outbreak of the War of the Grand Alliance
War of the Grand Alliance
The Nine Years' War – often called the War of the Grand Alliance, the War of the Palatine Succession, or the War of the League of Augsburg – was a major war of the late 17th century fought between King Louis XIV of France, and a European-wide coalition, the Grand Alliance, led by the Anglo-Dutch...
, he led his army one more time against the French, but fallen ill a second time, he died on April 18, 1690. According to Voltaire
Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet , better known by the pen name Voltaire , was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion, free trade and separation of church and state...
, Louis XIV paid tribute to him with the words, "I have lost the greatest, wisest and most generous of my enemies."
Issue
- Leopold, Duke of LorraineLeopold, Duke of LorraineLeopold , surnamed the Good, was Duke of Lorraine and Bar from 1690 to his death.-Early life:Leopold Joseph Charles Dominique Agapet Hyacinthe was the son of Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, and his wife Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria, a half-sister of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor.At the time of...
(1679–1729) married Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, princess of France and had issue; - Charles Joseph de LorraineCharles Joseph of LorraineCharles Joseph John Anthony Ignace Felix of Lorraine , also known as Charles III in his capacity as the bishop of Olomouc , was a German prelate.Born in Vienna, he was the second son of Charles V, Duke of Lorraine...
(1680–1715) never married; died of smallpoxSmallpoxSmallpox was an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease is also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera, which is a derivative of the Latin varius, meaning "spotted", or varus, meaning "pimple"...
; - Éléonore de Lorraine (1682-1682) died in infancy;
- Charles Ferdinand de Lorraine (1683–1685) died in infancy;
- General Joseph Innocent Emanuel de Lorraine (1685–1705)
- François Antoine Joseph de Lorraine (1689–1715). Abbot in MalmedyMalmedyMalmedy is a municipality of Belgium. It lies in the country's Walloon Region, Province of Liège. It belongs to the French Community of Belgium, within which it is French-speaking with facilities for German-speakers. On January 1, 2006 Malmedy had a total population of 11,829...
, Abbot in Stablo.