Chemins de Fer Ottomans d'Anatolie
Encyclopedia
The Chemins de Fer Ottomans d'Anatolie was an Ottoman
railway founded on October 4, 1888. The railway was headquartered in İstanbul
.
The CFOA was the busiest railway in the Ottoman Empire
and was one of the two railways operating into İstanbul, along with the Chemins de fer Orientaux
. The Baghdad Railway
(İstanbul-Aleppo-Baghdad) connected with the CFOA at Konya to allow rail transport from İstanbul to the Middle East
, although the Baghdad railway wasn't completed until 1940. The CFOA serviced major cities such as İstanbul
, İzmit
, Adapazarı
, Bilecik
, Eskişehir
, Ankara
, Kütahya
and Konya
. The railway also operated the Port of Haydarpaşa
and the Port of Derince.
The railway was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Société du Chemin de fer Ottoman d'Anatolie
, created on October 8, 1888 by the Deutsche Bank
to operate the railway.
, under the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz, started building a 1,435 mm standard gauge
on the Asian side of İstanbul, from Haydarpaşa to Pendik
in 1871. The line was opened on September 22, 1872. The railway was extended to Gebze
, which opened on January 1, 1873. In August 1873 the railway opened to İzmit
. The railway was built to serve a populated area along the Marmara Sea
. The railway was then to be extended to Ankara
and Mesopotamia
. The line proved difficult to manage so in 1880, 60% ownership of the line was transferred to a British company. A 52.1 km (32.4 mi) 1,067 mm narrow gauge
extension of the railway was built to Adapazarı
the same year. The company could not finance the extension of the line to Ankara, so the company formed a Anglo
-American
syndicate under the leadership of Sir Vincent Caillard to complete the line. The syndicate still could not pull up the money needed to complete the line, so the company withdrew.
, the managing director of the Deutsche Bank
was informed on the project, as well as Alfred Von Kaulla, who was in İstanbul to handle the export of the Mauser rifle to the Ottoman Army. After some tension, the Deutsche Bank won the concession to build the line. The original concession was 99 years, but later became 114 years to match the Baghdad Railway. The Deutsche Bank created a subsidiary company, Société du Chemin de fer Ottoman d'Anatolie
that was incorporated on October 4, 1888 as the parent company of the railway. The CFOA subcontracted the building of the line to Philipp Holzmann. The CFOA started building the line to Ankara in May, 1889. The CFOA completed the line to Arifye in 1890 and opened it on September 1, 1891. The line was opened to Ankara on December 31, 1892. In 1893 the Ottoman government granted the CFOA with a concession to build a line from Eskişehir
to Konya
. The line was to branch from the İstanbul-Ankara main line at Eskişehir, to Alayunt, Afyon, Akşehir
and Konya. A branch line from Alayunt to Kütahya
was also to be built. The line was opened to Alayunt and Kütahya on December 30, 1894. The CFOA opened the line to Afyon on August 4, 1895 and Konya on July 25, 1896. In 1899, the CFOA was granted another concession to build a line to Bolu
and later İsmetpaşa
. The CFOA started construction and on November 1, 1899 opened a 3.2 km (2 mi) branch line from Arifye to Adapazarı
. However, the tracks never reached Bolu. In 1904 the Baghdad Railway
was incorporated to continue the line from Konya, through Adana
and Aleppo
to Baghdad
. This would provide a direct rail link between İstanbul and Baghdad. However World War I
halted the construction of the line. The Ottoman Empire
sided with the Central Powers
against the Allied Powers
. The CFOA played a big role, carrying supplies from İstanbul to Palestine
and Mesopotamia
. The War ended on November 11, 1918 with the Central Powers losing and the Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
. The Allies moved in to Anatolia
and took control over the CFOA. Control of the CFOA was given to the British Army
. The Treaty of Sèvres
lead to the outbreak of the Turkish War of Independence
in 1919. The Turkish Nationalists fought against the British and eventually they gained control of a portion of the railway. The CFOA was under full Turkish control by September 1923 and the war ended a month later. Despite being in control, the Turkish government was not the legal owner of the CFOA due to the company being headquartered in Switzerland
, a neutral country in the war. On March 3, 1924 the Chemins de fer d'Anatolie Baghdad was created to operate CFOA lines until the Turkish government bought out all shareholders of the line. The CFOA was absorbed completely by the CFAB, later TCDD on June 1, 1927.
from central Anatolia to the ports in İstanbul. The CFOA also played a big role in the construction of the Baghdad Railway, by transporting good from İstanbul to Konya to help built the tracks. The CFOA owned and operated 2 major ports; the Port of Haydarpaşa and the Port of Derince. Most freight trains would load or unload at these ports.
in İstanbul. This port exported most of the goods transported by the railway. With the heavy usage of the port, the equipment wasn't enough to support the traffic. The CFOA had difficulties to extend the port, so in 1897, the railway built a new port in Derince
near İzmit. This port had a grain elevator
to export grain from central Anatolia. The port of Haydarpaşa was finally extended in 1899. The Turkish State Railways
acquired the ports in 1927.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
railway founded on October 4, 1888. The railway was headquartered in İstanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
.
The CFOA was the busiest railway in the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
and was one of the two railways operating into İstanbul, along with the Chemins de fer Orientaux
Chemins de fer Orientaux
The Chemins de fer Orientaux was an Ottoman railway company operating in the northwestern Ottoman Empire. It served 2 main lines between Vienna and İstanbul with branch lines to nearby cities. The railway operated between 1869 and 1937...
. The Baghdad Railway
Baghdad Railway
The Baghdad Railway , was built from 1903 to 1940 to connect Berlin with the Ottoman Empire city of Baghdad with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Iraq....
(İstanbul-Aleppo-Baghdad) connected with the CFOA at Konya to allow rail transport from İstanbul to the Middle East
Middle East
The Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is often used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East...
, although the Baghdad railway wasn't completed until 1940. The CFOA serviced major cities such as İstanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
, İzmit
Izmit
İzmit is a city in Turkey, administrative center of Kocaeli Province as well as the Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality. It is located at the Gulf of İzmit in the Sea of Marmara, about east of Istanbul, on the northwestern part of Anatolia. The city center has a population of 294.875...
, Adapazarı
Adapazari
Adapazarı is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of Sakarya Province. The province itself was originally named Adapazarı as well. Adapazarı is a part of the densely populated region of the country, known as the Marmara Region. As of 2010, the city has a population of 560,876 ...
, Bilecik
Bilecik
-External links:* http://www.eksisozluk.com/show.asp?t=bilecik%20diye%20bir%20yerin%20asl%C4%B1nda%20olmamas%C4%B1%20 Bilecik Conspiracy* http://www.bilecikaktuel.com* * http://www.voyagerbook.com/eng/iller/11/11.asp*...
, Eskişehir
Eskisehir
Eskişehir is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. According to the 2009 census, the population of the city is 631,905. The city is located on the banks of the Porsuk River, 792 m above sea level, where it overlooks the fertile Phrygian Valley. In the nearby...
, Ankara
Ankara
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
, Kütahya
Kütahya
Kütahya is a city in western Turkey with 212,444 inhabitants , lying on the Porsuk river, at 969 metres above sea level. It is the capital of Kütahya Province, inhabited by some 517 804 people...
and Konya
Konya
Konya is a city in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The metropolitan area in the entire Konya Province had a population of 1,036,027 as of 2010, making the city seventh most populous in Turkey.-Etymology:...
. The railway also operated the Port of Haydarpaşa
Port of Haydarpasa
The Port of Haydarpaşa, also known as the Port of Haidar Pasha is a general cargo seaport, ro-ro and container terminal, situated in Haydarpaşa, Istanbul at the southern entrance to the Bosphorus...
and the Port of Derince.
The railway was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Société du Chemin de fer Ottoman d'Anatolie
Société du Chemin de fer Ottoman d'Anatolie
The Société du Chemin de fer Ottoman d'Anatolie was the parent company of the Anatolian Railway , between 1888 and 1927. The company was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Deutsche Bank. The headquarters were in Zürich. The Turkish State Railways acquired the company on June 1, 1927....
, created on October 8, 1888 by the Deutsche Bank
Deutsche Bank
Deutsche Bank AG is a global financial service company with its headquarters in Frankfurt, Germany. It employs more than 100,000 people in over 70 countries, and has a large presence in Europe, the Americas, Asia Pacific and the emerging markets...
to operate the railway.
Ottoman Government Railways (1871-1888)
The Ottoman GovernmentState organisation of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire developed a highly advanced organisation of state over the centuries. Even though it had a very centralized government with the Sultan as the supreme ruler, it had an effective control of its provinces and inhabitants, as well as its officials. Wealth and rank wasn't necessarily...
, under the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz, started building a 1,435 mm standard gauge
Standard gauge
The standard gauge is a widely-used track gauge . Approximately 60% of the world's existing railway lines are built to this gauge...
on the Asian side of İstanbul, from Haydarpaşa to Pendik
Pendik
Pendik is a district of Istanbul, Turkey on the Asian side between Kartal and Tuzla, on the Marmara Sea. Its population is 625.365 and its mayor is Salih Kenan Şahin .-History:...
in 1871. The line was opened on September 22, 1872. The railway was extended to Gebze
Gebze
Gebze is an industrial city in Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Situated 30 miles east of Istanbul on the northern shore of the Sea of Marmara, it is the largest district of Kocaeli; Gebze has experienced rapid growth in recent years- from 159,116 in 1990, to 282,444 in 2009. Gebze accounts for 15% of...
, which opened on January 1, 1873. In August 1873 the railway opened to İzmit
Izmit
İzmit is a city in Turkey, administrative center of Kocaeli Province as well as the Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality. It is located at the Gulf of İzmit in the Sea of Marmara, about east of Istanbul, on the northwestern part of Anatolia. The city center has a population of 294.875...
. The railway was built to serve a populated area along the Marmara Sea
Sea of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara , also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis , is the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black...
. The railway was then to be extended to Ankara
Ankara
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
and Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a toponym for the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and southwestern Iran.Widely considered to be the cradle of civilization, Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer and the...
. The line proved difficult to manage so in 1880, 60% ownership of the line was transferred to a British company. A 52.1 km (32.4 mi) 1,067 mm narrow gauge
Narrow gauge
A narrow gauge railway is a railway that has a track gauge narrower than the of standard gauge railways. Most existing narrow gauge railways have gauges of between and .- Overview :...
extension of the railway was built to Adapazarı
Adapazari
Adapazarı is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of Sakarya Province. The province itself was originally named Adapazarı as well. Adapazarı is a part of the densely populated region of the country, known as the Marmara Region. As of 2010, the city has a population of 560,876 ...
the same year. The company could not finance the extension of the line to Ankara, so the company formed a Anglo
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
-American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
syndicate under the leadership of Sir Vincent Caillard to complete the line. The syndicate still could not pull up the money needed to complete the line, so the company withdrew.
Chemins de Fer Ottoman d'Anatolie (1888-1927)
With the construction of the line to Ankara put on hold, the Ottoman government looked for a new company to build the line. Georg von SiemensGeorg von Siemens
Georg von Siemens was a German banker and liberal politician.He was born on 21 October 1839 in Berlin. Georg von Siemens is a nephew of the inventors and industrialists Werner, William, and Carl von Siemens...
, the managing director of the Deutsche Bank
Deutsche Bank
Deutsche Bank AG is a global financial service company with its headquarters in Frankfurt, Germany. It employs more than 100,000 people in over 70 countries, and has a large presence in Europe, the Americas, Asia Pacific and the emerging markets...
was informed on the project, as well as Alfred Von Kaulla, who was in İstanbul to handle the export of the Mauser rifle to the Ottoman Army. After some tension, the Deutsche Bank won the concession to build the line. The original concession was 99 years, but later became 114 years to match the Baghdad Railway. The Deutsche Bank created a subsidiary company, Société du Chemin de fer Ottoman d'Anatolie
Société du Chemin de fer Ottoman d'Anatolie
The Société du Chemin de fer Ottoman d'Anatolie was the parent company of the Anatolian Railway , between 1888 and 1927. The company was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Deutsche Bank. The headquarters were in Zürich. The Turkish State Railways acquired the company on June 1, 1927....
that was incorporated on October 4, 1888 as the parent company of the railway. The CFOA subcontracted the building of the line to Philipp Holzmann. The CFOA started building the line to Ankara in May, 1889. The CFOA completed the line to Arifye in 1890 and opened it on September 1, 1891. The line was opened to Ankara on December 31, 1892. In 1893 the Ottoman government granted the CFOA with a concession to build a line from Eskişehir
Eskisehir
Eskişehir is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. According to the 2009 census, the population of the city is 631,905. The city is located on the banks of the Porsuk River, 792 m above sea level, where it overlooks the fertile Phrygian Valley. In the nearby...
to Konya
Konya
Konya is a city in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The metropolitan area in the entire Konya Province had a population of 1,036,027 as of 2010, making the city seventh most populous in Turkey.-Etymology:...
. The line was to branch from the İstanbul-Ankara main line at Eskişehir, to Alayunt, Afyon, Akşehir
Aksehir
Akşehir is a town and district of Konya Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. According to 2000 census, population of the district is 114,918 of which 63,000 live in the town of Akşehir...
and Konya. A branch line from Alayunt to Kütahya
Kütahya
Kütahya is a city in western Turkey with 212,444 inhabitants , lying on the Porsuk river, at 969 metres above sea level. It is the capital of Kütahya Province, inhabited by some 517 804 people...
was also to be built. The line was opened to Alayunt and Kütahya on December 30, 1894. The CFOA opened the line to Afyon on August 4, 1895 and Konya on July 25, 1896. In 1899, the CFOA was granted another concession to build a line to Bolu
Bolu
- Places of interest :The countryside around Bolu offers excellent walking and other outdoor pursuits. There are hotels in the town for visitors. Sights near the town include:* The 14th century mosque, Ulu Camii...
and later İsmetpaşa
İsmetpaşa
İsmetpaşa is a village in Mahmudiye District of Eskişehir Province, Turkey. At it is situated in the high plains of Central Anatolia. Distance to Mahmudiye is and to Eskişehir is . The population of İsmetpaşa is 1400...
. The CFOA started construction and on November 1, 1899 opened a 3.2 km (2 mi) branch line from Arifye to Adapazarı
Adapazari
Adapazarı is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of Sakarya Province. The province itself was originally named Adapazarı as well. Adapazarı is a part of the densely populated region of the country, known as the Marmara Region. As of 2010, the city has a population of 560,876 ...
. However, the tracks never reached Bolu. In 1904 the Baghdad Railway
Baghdad Railway
The Baghdad Railway , was built from 1903 to 1940 to connect Berlin with the Ottoman Empire city of Baghdad with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Iraq....
was incorporated to continue the line from Konya, through Adana
Adana
Adana is a city in southern Turkey and a major agricultural and commercial center. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 30 kilometres inland from the Mediterranean, in south-central Anatolia...
and Aleppo
Aleppo
Aleppo is the largest city in Syria and the capital of Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Syrian governorate. With an official population of 2,301,570 , expanding to over 2.5 million in the metropolitan area, it is also one of the largest cities in the Levant...
to Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
. This would provide a direct rail link between İstanbul and Baghdad. However World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
halted the construction of the line. The Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
sided with the Central Powers
Central Powers
The Central Powers were one of the two warring factions in World War I , composed of the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria...
against the Allied Powers
Allies of World War I
The Entente Powers were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The members of the Triple Entente were the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire; Italy entered the war on their side in 1915...
. The CFOA played a big role, carrying supplies from İstanbul to Palestine
Palestine
Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....
and Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a toponym for the area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and southwestern Iran.Widely considered to be the cradle of civilization, Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumer and the...
. The War ended on November 11, 1918 with the Central Powers losing and the Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire included the watershed events of the Young Turk Revolution and the establishment of the Second Constitutional Era, and ended with the Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire by the victorious sides of World War I.- Establishment of the Second Constitutional Era, 24...
. The Allies moved in to Anatolia
Anatolia
Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...
and took control over the CFOA. Control of the CFOA was given to the British Army
British Army
The British Army is the land warfare branch of Her Majesty's Armed Forces in the United Kingdom. It came into being with the unification of the Kingdom of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army incorporated Regiments that had already existed in England...
. The Treaty of Sèvres
Treaty of Sèvres
The Treaty of Sèvres was the peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles was signed with Germany before this treaty to annul the German concessions including the economic rights and enterprises. Also, France, Great Britain and Italy...
lead to the outbreak of the Turkish War of Independence
Turkish War of Independence
The Turkish War of Independence was a war of independence waged by Turkish nationalists against the Allies, after the country was partitioned by the Allies following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I...
in 1919. The Turkish Nationalists fought against the British and eventually they gained control of a portion of the railway. The CFOA was under full Turkish control by September 1923 and the war ended a month later. Despite being in control, the Turkish government was not the legal owner of the CFOA due to the company being headquartered in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, a neutral country in the war. On March 3, 1924 the Chemins de fer d'Anatolie Baghdad was created to operate CFOA lines until the Turkish government bought out all shareholders of the line. The CFOA was absorbed completely by the CFAB, later TCDD on June 1, 1927.
Passenger Service
The CFOA operated many passenger trains on their lines. Their main line was between İstanbul and İzmit. The CFOA also operated the first passenger train between İstanbul and Ankara; this was a daily train that entered service in 1892. The most common steam locomotives for passenger trains were the class 33001.Freight Service
The CFOA's primary operation were freight trains. The CFOA mainly focused on transporting grainGRAIN
GRAIN is a small international non-profit organisation that works to support small farmers and social movements in their struggles for community-controlled and biodiversity-based food systems. Our support takes the form of independent research and analysis, networking at local, regional and...
from central Anatolia to the ports in İstanbul. The CFOA also played a big role in the construction of the Baghdad Railway, by transporting good from İstanbul to Konya to help built the tracks. The CFOA owned and operated 2 major ports; the Port of Haydarpaşa and the Port of Derince. Most freight trains would load or unload at these ports.
Ports
The CFOA operated ports along with railways. Their main port was the Port of HaydarpaşaPort of Haydarpasa
The Port of Haydarpaşa, also known as the Port of Haidar Pasha is a general cargo seaport, ro-ro and container terminal, situated in Haydarpaşa, Istanbul at the southern entrance to the Bosphorus...
in İstanbul. This port exported most of the goods transported by the railway. With the heavy usage of the port, the equipment wasn't enough to support the traffic. The CFOA had difficulties to extend the port, so in 1897, the railway built a new port in Derince
Derince
Derince is a sea-port,town and district of Kocaeli Province of Turkey. The mayor is Aziz Alemdar ....
near İzmit. This port had a grain elevator
Grain elevator
A grain elevator is a tower containing a bucket elevator, which scoops up, elevates, and then uses gravity to deposit grain in a silo or other storage facility...
to export grain from central Anatolia. The port of Haydarpaşa was finally extended in 1899. The Turkish State Railways
Turkish State Railways
The State Railways of the Turkish Republic or TCDD is the government owned, national railway carrier in the Republic of Turkey, headquartered in Ankara...
acquired the ports in 1927.
Timeline
- 1871 - Construction of a railway line from KadıköyKadiköyKadıköy is a large, populous, and cosmopolitan district of İstanbul, Turkey on the Asian side of the Sea of Marmara, facing the historic city centre on the European side of the Bosporus...
to PendikPendikPendik is a district of Istanbul, Turkey on the Asian side between Kartal and Tuzla, on the Marmara Sea. Its population is 625.365 and its mayor is Salih Kenan Şahin .-History:...
, in İstanbulIstanbulIstanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
begins. - 1872 - The railway from Kadıköy to Pendik is completed and opened on September 22.
- 1873
- January 1 - The railway is extended to GebzeGebzeGebze is an industrial city in Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Situated 30 miles east of Istanbul on the northern shore of the Sea of Marmara, it is the largest district of Kocaeli; Gebze has experienced rapid growth in recent years- from 159,116 in 1990, to 282,444 in 2009. Gebze accounts for 15% of...
- August 1 - The railway is completed to İzmitIzmitİzmit is a city in Turkey, administrative center of Kocaeli Province as well as the Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality. It is located at the Gulf of İzmit in the Sea of Marmara, about east of Istanbul, on the northwestern part of Anatolia. The city center has a population of 294.875...
- January 1 - The railway is extended to Gebze
- 1880 - A British company starts to finance the railway and is taken over from the Ottoman government.
- 1888 - Construction of the line was transferred to Deutsche BankDeutsche BankDeutsche Bank AG is a global financial service company with its headquarters in Frankfurt, Germany. It employs more than 100,000 people in over 70 countries, and has a large presence in Europe, the Americas, Asia Pacific and the emerging markets...
to build the line to AnkaraAnkaraAnkara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
. - 1890 - İzmit - Arifye section is completed.
- 1891 - The railway opens to Arifye on September 1.
- 1892 - The railway is completed to Ankara and opens on December 31.
- 1893 - A concession is awarded to build a branch line from EskişehirEskisehirEskişehir is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. According to the 2009 census, the population of the city is 631,905. The city is located on the banks of the Porsuk River, 792 m above sea level, where it overlooks the fertile Phrygian Valley. In the nearby...
to KonyaKonyaKonya is a city in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The metropolitan area in the entire Konya Province had a population of 1,036,027 as of 2010, making the city seventh most populous in Turkey.-Etymology:...
. - 1894 - Eskişehir - Alayunt and Alayunt - Kütahya branches are completed and opened on December 30.
- 1895 - Alayunt - Afyon section opens.
- 1896 - The railway to Konya is completed and opened on July 29.
- 1897 - The Port of Derince is inaugurated.
- 1899 - Branch from Arifye is opened to AdapazarıAdapazariAdapazarı is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of Sakarya Province. The province itself was originally named Adapazarı as well. Adapazarı is a part of the densely populated region of the country, known as the Marmara Region. As of 2010, the city has a population of 560,876 ...
. - 1914 - World War IWorld War IWorld War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
begins. - 1918 - World War I ends, the AlliesAllies of World War IThe Entente Powers were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The members of the Triple Entente were the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire; Italy entered the war on their side in 1915...
begin to occupy Anatolia; CFOA put under British military control. - 1920 - The Turkish nationalists take over the Ankara - Konya portion of the line and start to use it against the Greek military, during the Greco-Turkish WarGreco-Turkish War (1919-1922)The Greco–Turkish War of 1919–1922, known as the Western Front of the Turkish War of Independence in Turkey and the Asia Minor Campaign or the Asia Minor Catastrophe in Greece, was a series of military events occurring during the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire after World War I between May...
. - 1923 - Treaty of LausanneTreaty of LausanneThe Treaty of Lausanne was a peace treaty signed in Lausanne, Switzerland on 24 July 1923, that settled the Anatolian and East Thracian parts of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. The treaty of Lausanne was ratified by the Greek government on 11 February 1924, by the Turkish government on 31...
is signed, Allies are forced to leave Anatolia, railway is given back to Turkey. - 1924 - The holding company, Chemins de fer d'Anatolie Baghdad is created to operate the railway.
- 1927 - The CFOA is officially absorbed by the Turkish State RailwaysTurkish State RailwaysThe State Railways of the Turkish Republic or TCDD is the government owned, national railway carrier in the Republic of Turkey, headquartered in Ankara...
.
Train Stations
The CFOA built and owned many train stations. The main stations notable are:- Haydarpaşa TerminalHaydarpasa TerminalThe Haydarpaşa Terminal or Haydarpaşa Station is a major intercity rail station and transportation hub in Kadıköy, İstanbul. It is the busiest rail terminal in Turkey and the Middle East and one of the busiest in Eastern Europe. The terminal also has connections to İETT bus and ferry service. The...
, İstanbulIstanbulIstanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and... - İzmit Central Station, İzmitIzmitİzmit is a city in Turkey, administrative center of Kocaeli Province as well as the Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality. It is located at the Gulf of İzmit in the Sea of Marmara, about east of Istanbul, on the northwestern part of Anatolia. The city center has a population of 294.875...
- Adapazarı Railway StationAdapazarı Railway StationThe Adapazarı Railway Station is a train station owned and operated by the Turkish State Railways .The station is the eastern terminus of the Haydarpaşa-Adapazarı Regional Express, a regional train service from Istanbul Haydarpaşa Terminal to Adapazarı...
, AdapazarıAdapazariAdapazarı is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of Sakarya Province. The province itself was originally named Adapazarı as well. Adapazarı is a part of the densely populated region of the country, known as the Marmara Region. As of 2010, the city has a population of 560,876 ... - Bilecik Railway Station, BilecikBilecik-External links:* http://www.eksisozluk.com/show.asp?t=bilecik%20diye%20bir%20yerin%20asl%C4%B1nda%20olmamas%C4%B1%20 Bilecik Conspiracy* http://www.bilecikaktuel.com* * http://www.voyagerbook.com/eng/iller/11/11.asp*...
- Eskişehir Central StationEskişehir Central StationThe Eskişehir Central Station is the main train station in Eskişehir, Turkey. The station is one of the busiest stations in Turkey, by traffic. The station is the temporary western terminus of the Turkish High Speed Train. Central station was built in 1891 by the Anatolian Railway and opened on...
, EskişehirEskisehirEskişehir is a city in northwestern Turkey and the capital of the Eskişehir Province. According to the 2009 census, the population of the city is 631,905. The city is located on the banks of the Porsuk River, 792 m above sea level, where it overlooks the fertile Phrygian Valley. In the nearby... - Ankara Central Station, AnkaraAnkaraAnkara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
- Kütahya Railway Station, KütahyaKütahyaKütahya is a city in western Turkey with 212,444 inhabitants , lying on the Porsuk river, at 969 metres above sea level. It is the capital of Kütahya Province, inhabited by some 517 804 people...
- Afyon Central StationAfyon Ali Çetinkaya StationAfyon Ali Çetinkaya railway station is the main railway station in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. The station is one of Afyon's two railway stations, the other being Afyon City railway station. Ali Çetinkaya station was built in 1895 by the Anatolian Railway as part of their main line between İstanbul and...
, Afyon - Konya Central Station, KonyaKonyaKonya is a city in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The metropolitan area in the entire Konya Province had a population of 1,036,027 as of 2010, making the city seventh most populous in Turkey.-Etymology:...