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Chen Yi (communist)
Encyclopedia
Chen Yi was a Chinese communist
military commander and politician. He served as the 2nd Mayor of Shanghai and the 2nd Foreign Minister of China
.
, Sichuan
, into a moderately wealthy magistrate's family.
A comrade of Lin Biao
from their guerilla days, Chen was a commander of the New Fourth Army
during the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), spearheaded the Shandong
counter-offensive during the Chinese Civil War
, and later commanded the Communist armies that defeated the KMT forces at Huai-Hai and conquered the lower Yangtze
region in 1948-49. He was made a Marshal of the People's Liberation Army
(PLA) in 1955.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chen became mayor of Shanghai. He also served as vice premier from 1954 to 1972 and foreign minister from 1958 to 1972 and president of the China Foreign Affairs University
from 1961 to 1969. During the Cultural Revolution
, he was criticized in 1967, but never dismissed, so Zhou Enlai
performed the duties of foreign minister in his place. He was a member of the 8th CPC Politburo
from 1956 to 1967 and he was not admitted to the 9th Politburo
(1969), though he was a member of the 9th CPC Central Committee
.
After Marshal Lin Biao
's death in 1971, he was restored to favor, although not to his former power. Mao Zedong
personally presided over his funeral arrangements. This was Mao's last public appearance and his first appearance at anyone's funeral during the Cultural Revolution.
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Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
military commander and politician. He served as the 2nd Mayor of Shanghai and the 2nd Foreign Minister of China
Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China
The Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China is the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China and one of the country's most important cabinet posts...
.
Biography
Chen was born in Lezhi, near ChengduChengdu
Chengdu , formerly transliterated Chengtu, is the capital of Sichuan province in Southwest China. It holds sub-provincial administrative status...
, Sichuan
Sichuan
' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
, into a moderately wealthy magistrate's family.
A comrade of Lin Biao
Lin Biao
Lin Biao was a major Chinese Communist military leader who was pivotal in the communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, especially in Northeastern China...
from their guerilla days, Chen was a commander of the New Fourth Army
New Fourth Army
The New Fourth Army was a unit of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China established in 1937. In contrast to most of the National Revolutionary Army, it was controlled by the Communist Party of China and not by the ruling Kuomintang. The New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army...
during the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), spearheaded the Shandong
Shandong
' is a Province located on the eastern coast of the People's Republic of China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese...
counter-offensive during the Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
, and later commanded the Communist armies that defeated the KMT forces at Huai-Hai and conquered the lower Yangtze
Yangtze River
The Yangtze, Yangzi or Cháng Jiāng is the longest river in Asia, and the third-longest in the world. It flows for from the glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai eastward across southwest, central and eastern China before emptying into the East China Sea at Shanghai. It is also one of the...
region in 1948-49. He was made a Marshal of the People's Liberation Army
People's Liberation Army
The People's Liberation Army is the unified military organization of all land, sea, strategic missile and air forces of the People's Republic of China. The PLA was established on August 1, 1927 — celebrated annually as "PLA Day" — as the military arm of the Communist Party of China...
(PLA) in 1955.
China Foreign Affairs University
The China Foreign Affairs University in Beijing, People's Republic of China is a highly selective university for diplomats.- History :...
from 1961 to 1969. During the Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976...
, he was criticized in 1967, but never dismissed, so Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976...
performed the duties of foreign minister in his place. He was a member of the 8th CPC Politburo
8th Politburo of the Communist Party of China
The 8th Politburo of the Communist Party of China was elected by the 8th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on September 28, 1956.-Standing Committee Members:#Mao Zedong#Liu Shaoqi#Zhou Enlai#Zhu De#Chen Yun#Deng Xiaoping...
from 1956 to 1967 and he was not admitted to the 9th Politburo
9th Politburo of the Communist Party of China
The 9th Politburo of the Communist Party of China was elected by the 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on April 28, 1969.-Standing Committee Members:#Mao Zedong#Lin Biao#Chen Boda#Zhou Enlai#Kang Sheng-Members:#Mao Zedong#Lin Biao...
(1969), though he was a member of the 9th CPC Central Committee
9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The 9th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was in session from 1969 to 1973. It held two plenary sessions in the 4-year period.It elected the 9th Politburo of the Communist Party of China in 1969....
.
After Marshal Lin Biao
Lin Biao
Lin Biao was a major Chinese Communist military leader who was pivotal in the communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, especially in Northeastern China...
's death in 1971, he was restored to favor, although not to his former power. Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
personally presided over his funeral arrangements. This was Mao's last public appearance and his first appearance at anyone's funeral during the Cultural Revolution.
External links
- Long March Leaders: Chen Yi (by Paul Noll)
- 陈毅纪念馆 (Chen Yi memorial site; in Chinese)
- 诗人元帅——陈毅 (The poet-general Chen Yi; in Chinese)
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