Chromel
Encyclopedia
Chromel is an alloy
made of approximately 90 percent nickel
and 10 percent chromium
that is used to make the positive conductors of ANSI Type E (chromel-constantan
) and K (chromel-alumel
) thermocouple
s. It can be used up to 1100 °C in oxidizing atmospheres. Chromel is a registered trademark of the Hoskins Manufacturing Company.
80-20 and used for electric heating elements.
60 and is used for heating elements, resistance windings, and hot wire cutters.
Alloy
An alloy is a mixture or metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements. Complete solid solution alloys give single solid phase microstructure, while partial solutions give two or more phases that may or may not be homogeneous in distribution, depending on thermal history...
made of approximately 90 percent nickel
Nickel
Nickel is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile...
and 10 percent chromium
Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish and has a high melting point. It is also odorless, tasteless, and malleable...
that is used to make the positive conductors of ANSI Type E (chromel-constantan
Constantan
Constantan is a copper-nickel alloy usually consisting of 55% copper and 45% nickel.Also known as Eureka.Its main feature is its resistivity which is constant over a wide range of temperatures...
) and K (chromel-alumel
Alumel
Alumel is an alloy consisting of approximately 95% nickel, 2% manganese, 2% aluminium and 1% silicon. This magnetic alloy is used for thermocouples and thermocouple extension wire...
) thermocouple
Thermocouple
A thermocouple is a device consisting of two different conductors that produce a voltage proportional to a temperature difference between either end of the pair of conductors. Thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature sensor for measurement and control and can also be used to convert a...
s. It can be used up to 1100 °C in oxidizing atmospheres. Chromel is a registered trademark of the Hoskins Manufacturing Company.
| CHARACTERISTICS: | |
|---|---|
| Temperature coefficient | 0.00032 K−1 |
| Electrical resistivity | 0.706 µΩ m |
| Mechanical properties | |
| Elongation at break | <44% |
| Izod impact strength | 108 J m−1 |
| Modulus of elasticity | 186 GPa |
| Tensile strength | 620–780 MPa |
| Physical properties Physical property A physical property is any property that is measurable whose value describes a physical system's state. The changes in the physical properties of a system can be used to describe its transformations .... |
|
| Density | 8.5 g cm−3 |
| Melting point | 1420 °C |
| Thermal properties | |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion | 12.8×10−6 K−1 at 20–1000 °C |
| Maximum use temperature in air | 1100 °C |
| Thermal conductivity | 19 W m−1 K−1 at 23 °C |
Chromel A
Chromel A is an alloy containing 80% of nickel and 20% chromium (by weight). It is used for its excellent resistance to high-temperature corrosion and oxidation. It is also commonly called NichromeNichrome
Nichrome is a non-magnetic alloy of nickel, chromium, and often iron, usually used as a resistance wire. Patented in 1905, it is the oldest documented form of resistance heating alloy. A common alloy is 80% nickel and 20% chromium, by mass, but there are many others to accommodate various...
80-20 and used for electric heating elements.
Chromel C
Chromel C is an alloy containing 60% nickel, 16% chromium, and 24% iron. It is also commonly called NichromeNichrome
Nichrome is a non-magnetic alloy of nickel, chromium, and often iron, usually used as a resistance wire. Patented in 1905, it is the oldest documented form of resistance heating alloy. A common alloy is 80% nickel and 20% chromium, by mass, but there are many others to accommodate various...
60 and is used for heating elements, resistance windings, and hot wire cutters.