City of London (elections to the Parliament of England)
Encyclopedia
The City of London was a Parliamentary constituency of the Parliament of England
until 1707.
, which was the historic core of the modern Greater London
. In the twenty-first century, the City forms part of the London
Region of England
.
The southern boundary of the City is the north bank of the River Thames
. The City of Westminster
is situated to the west. The districts of Holborn
and Finsbury
are to the north, Shoreditch
to the north-east and Whitechapel
to the east.
Before 1298, the area was represented as part of the county constituency of Middlesex
. The City formed part of the geographic county, even though from early times it was not administered as part of Middlesex.
London is first known to have been enfranchised and represented in Parliament in 1298. It was the most important city in England and was administered as a county of itself from before boroughs were first represented in Parliament. It received four seats in Parliament instead of the normal two for an English constituency. The extra two seats (whose holders were known as Knights, like the representatives of a county) were supposed to represent the county like status of London. No such extra seats were awarded to other cities or boroughs which received the status of being counties of themselves in later times.
By the sixteenth century it was the practice for the Court of Aldermen
to summon a meeting at the Guildhall
. The Aldermen met and selected two candidates to sit as the City's Knights in Parliament. One was normally an Alderman (probably a former Lord Mayor of the City of London). The other was normally the Recorder of London
, whose legal expertise was essential to the City which had a lot of legislation it wanted drafted and passed by Parliament. On one occasion in the sixteenth century the Recorder was already a burgess representing another borough in Parliament, so two Aldermen were chosen.
The Aldermen also prepared a list of twelve prominent Londoners, who were not themselves Aldermen. The nominees for Knight were then put to the liverymen, who had been waiting whilst the Aldermen met, for approval and an election was held to select two Citizens from the list of twelve nominees to fill the other two seats in the House of Commons
. The London election thus took place in a single day.
If the Recorder resigned during a Parliament or a Citizen was elected an Alderman, he was disqualified and the new Recorder or another Citizen (as the case might require) was elected.
At some point after 1603 the City adopted a more normal system for nominations and elections. The two London Sheriffs appointed a day for candidates nominations to be submitted, at a meeting in the Guildhall
. If there were more than four candidates a poll was held at a later date which usually extended for several weeks. Although it was no longer a legal requirement, there was a custom that two City seats were filled by Aldermen and two by non-Aldermen.
During the Protectorate
the City was allocated six seats in the House of Commons, under the terms of the Instrument of Government adopted on 15 December 1653. However by the time the Third Protectorate Parliament
assembled in 1659 the constutuency had reverted to its traditional four seats.
The City of London was a densely populated area in the period up to 1707. The composition of the City electorate was not as democratic as that of some other borough constituencies, such as neighbouring Westminster. The right of election was held by members of the Livery Companies
. However the size and wealth of the community meant that it had more voters than most other borough constituencies. Only Westminster had a larger borough electorate. Duke Henning estimated the City liverymen at about 4,000 in 1661 and about 6,000 by 1680.
The elected date is for the City constituency. When an exact general election date is unavailable, the year or years between the dates of the Parliament being summoned and assembling, are used.
Notes:-
Note:-
Notes:-
or the selection of members from it known as the Rump Parliament
functioned de facto during part of the Commonwealth of England
period. It existed (in a sense) de jure 1640-1660, as under a pre-English Civil War
law, the Long Parliament could not be lawfully dissolved without its own consent which it did not give until 1660. As it was a Parliament originally summoned by King Charles I, the overall dates of the Long Parliament are given in the previous section.
The Barebones Parliament
was an appointed body, so the City was not an electoral constituency represented as such in it. That body was summoned on 20 June 1653, first met on 4 July 1653 and was dissolved on 12 December 1653.
the City was allocated six representatives in the First
and the Second Protectorate Parliament
s, before reverting to four for the Third Protectorate Parliament
.
.
Parliament of England
The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England. In 1066, William of Normandy introduced a feudal system, by which he sought the advice of a council of tenants-in-chief and ecclesiastics before making laws...
until 1707.
Boundaries and history to 1707
This borough constituency consisted of the City of LondonCity of London
The City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of...
, which was the historic core of the modern Greater London
Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs. This territory is coterminate with the London Government Office Region and the London...
. In the twenty-first century, the City forms part of the London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
Region of England
Regions of England
In England, the region is the highest tier of sub-national division used by central Government. Between 1994 and 2011, the nine regions had an administrative role in the implementation of UK Government policy, and as the areas covered by elected bodies...
.
The southern boundary of the City is the north bank of the River Thames
River Thames
The River Thames flows through southern England. It is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom. While it is best known because its lower reaches flow through central London, the river flows alongside several other towns and cities, including Oxford,...
. The City of Westminster
City of Westminster
The City of Westminster is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary...
is situated to the west. The districts of Holborn
Holborn
Holborn is an area of Central London. Holborn is also the name of the area's principal east-west street, running as High Holborn from St Giles's High Street to Gray's Inn Road and then on to Holborn Viaduct...
and Finsbury
Finsbury
Finsbury is a district of central London, England. It lies immediately north of the City of London and Clerkenwell, west of Shoreditch, and south of Islington and City Road. It is in the south of the London Borough of Islington. The Finsbury Estate is in the western part of the district...
are to the north, Shoreditch
Shoreditch
Shoreditch is an area of London within the London Borough of Hackney in England. It is a built-up part of the inner city immediately to the north of the City of London, located east-northeast of Charing Cross.-Etymology:...
to the north-east and Whitechapel
Whitechapel
Whitechapel is a built-up inner city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, London, England. It is located east of Charing Cross and roughly bounded by the Bishopsgate thoroughfare on the west, Fashion Street on the north, Brady Street and Cavell Street on the east and The Highway on the...
to the east.
Before 1298, the area was represented as part of the county constituency of Middlesex
Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)
Middlesex is a former United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency. It was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1885....
. The City formed part of the geographic county, even though from early times it was not administered as part of Middlesex.
London is first known to have been enfranchised and represented in Parliament in 1298. It was the most important city in England and was administered as a county of itself from before boroughs were first represented in Parliament. It received four seats in Parliament instead of the normal two for an English constituency. The extra two seats (whose holders were known as Knights, like the representatives of a county) were supposed to represent the county like status of London. No such extra seats were awarded to other cities or boroughs which received the status of being counties of themselves in later times.
By the sixteenth century it was the practice for the Court of Aldermen
Court of Aldermen
The Court of Aldermen is an elected body forming part of the City of London Corporation. The Court of Aldermen is made up of the twenty five Aldermen of the City of London, presided over by the Lord Mayor...
to summon a meeting at the Guildhall
Guildhall, London
The Guildhall is a building in the City of London, off Gresham and Basinghall streets, in the wards of Bassishaw and Cheap. It has been used as a town hall for several hundred years, and is still the ceremonial and administrative centre of the City of London and its Corporation...
. The Aldermen met and selected two candidates to sit as the City's Knights in Parliament. One was normally an Alderman (probably a former Lord Mayor of the City of London). The other was normally the Recorder of London
Recorder (judge)
A Recorder is a judicial officer in England and Wales. It now refers to two quite different appointments. The ancient Recorderships of England and Wales now form part of a system of Honorary Recorderships which are filled by the most senior full-time circuit judges...
, whose legal expertise was essential to the City which had a lot of legislation it wanted drafted and passed by Parliament. On one occasion in the sixteenth century the Recorder was already a burgess representing another borough in Parliament, so two Aldermen were chosen.
The Aldermen also prepared a list of twelve prominent Londoners, who were not themselves Aldermen. The nominees for Knight were then put to the liverymen, who had been waiting whilst the Aldermen met, for approval and an election was held to select two Citizens from the list of twelve nominees to fill the other two seats in the House of Commons
British House of Commons
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
. The London election thus took place in a single day.
If the Recorder resigned during a Parliament or a Citizen was elected an Alderman, he was disqualified and the new Recorder or another Citizen (as the case might require) was elected.
At some point after 1603 the City adopted a more normal system for nominations and elections. The two London Sheriffs appointed a day for candidates nominations to be submitted, at a meeting in the Guildhall
Guildhall, London
The Guildhall is a building in the City of London, off Gresham and Basinghall streets, in the wards of Bassishaw and Cheap. It has been used as a town hall for several hundred years, and is still the ceremonial and administrative centre of the City of London and its Corporation...
. If there were more than four candidates a poll was held at a later date which usually extended for several weeks. Although it was no longer a legal requirement, there was a custom that two City seats were filled by Aldermen and two by non-Aldermen.
During the Protectorate
The Protectorate
In British history, the Protectorate was the period 1653–1659 during which the Commonwealth of England was governed by a Lord Protector.-Background:...
the City was allocated six seats in the House of Commons, under the terms of the Instrument of Government adopted on 15 December 1653. However by the time the Third Protectorate Parliament
Third Protectorate Parliament
The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session, from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfylde as the Speakers of the House of Commons...
assembled in 1659 the constutuency had reverted to its traditional four seats.
The City of London was a densely populated area in the period up to 1707. The composition of the City electorate was not as democratic as that of some other borough constituencies, such as neighbouring Westminster. The right of election was held by members of the Livery Companies
Livery Company
The Livery Companies are 108 trade associations in the City of London, almost all of which are known as the "Worshipful Company of" the relevant trade, craft or profession. The medieval Companies originally developed as guilds and were responsible for the regulation of their trades, controlling,...
. However the size and wealth of the community meant that it had more voters than most other borough constituencies. Only Westminster had a larger borough electorate. Duke Henning estimated the City liverymen at about 4,000 in 1661 and about 6,000 by 1680.
Knights and Citizens serving 1510-1660
Some of the members elected during this period have been identified. The roman numerals in brackets, following some names, are those used to distinguish different politicians of the same name in 'The House of Commons' 1509-1558 and 1558-1603. As there are considerable gaps between some of the Parliaments in this period, each members career is sub-divided by Parliament in the tables, even if he served in successive Parliaments.The elected date is for the City constituency. When an exact general election date is unavailable, the year or years between the dates of the Parliament being summoned and assembling, are used.
Parliaments of King Henry VIII of England
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 17 October 1509 | 1509/10 | 21 January 1510 | 23 February 1510 |
| 2nd | 28 November 1511 | 1511/12 | 4 February 1512 | 4 March 1514 |
| 3rd | 23 November 1514 | 1514/15 | 5 February 1515 | 22 December 1515 |
| 4th | ... | ?1523 | 15 April 1523 | 13 August 1523 |
| 5th | 9 August 1529 | 1529 | 3 November 1529 | 14 April 1536 |
| 6th | 27 April 1536 | 1536 | 8 June 1536 | 18 July 1536 |
| 7th | 1 March 1539 | 1539 | 28 April 1539 | 24 July 1540 |
| 8th | 23 November 1541 | 1541/42 | 16 January 1542 | 28 March 1544 |
| 9th | 1 December 1544 | 19 January 1545 | 23 November 1545 | 31 January 1547 |
| No | Elected | 1st member | 2nd member | 3rd member | 4th member |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 1509/10 | Sir John Tate | John Chaloner [I] | James Yarford | John Brydges |
| 1510 | Thomas More Thomas More Sir Thomas More , also known by Catholics as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was an important councillor to Henry VIII of England and, for three years toward the end of his life, Lord Chancellor... [I] (a) |
||||
| 2nd | 1511/12 | Sir William Capel William Capel William Capel was Lord Mayor of London and an MP.He was a member of the Worshipful Company of Drapers, served as Sheriff of the City of London for 1496 and was elected was elected Lord Mayor in 1503. He was elected a member of Parliament for the City of London from 1511 to 1515.His mansion stood... l |
Richard Broke Richard Broke Sir Richard Broke or Brooke , was an English judge, who served as Chief Baron of the Exchequer.Broke was fourth son of Thomas Broke of Leighton in Cheshire, and his wife, daughter and heiress of John Parker of Copnall. His ancestors had been Brokes of Leighton since the twelfth century, and came of... |
William Calley | John Kyme [I] |
| 3rd | 1514/15 | Sir William Capel William Capel William Capel was Lord Mayor of London and an MP.He was a member of the Worshipful Company of Drapers, served as Sheriff of the City of London for 1496 and was elected was elected Lord Mayor in 1503. He was elected a member of Parliament for the City of London from 1511 to 1515.His mansion stood... l |
Richard Broke Richard Broke Sir Richard Broke or Brooke , was an English judge, who served as Chief Baron of the Exchequer.Broke was fourth son of Thomas Broke of Leighton in Cheshire, and his wife, daughter and heiress of John Parker of Copnall. His ancestors had been Brokes of Leighton since the twelfth century, and came of... |
William Calley (b) | John Kyme [I] |
| 1515 | unknown | ||||
| 4th | ?1523 | George Monoux George Monoux Sir George Monoux , born in Walthamstow, Essex, England, was made Sheriff of London in 1509 and became the Lord Mayor of London in 1514.On 15 June 1527 Monoux purchased land for almshouses and a school in Walthamstow... |
William Shelley | John Hewster (c) | William Roche |
| 5th | 1529 | Sir Thomas Seymour Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, KG was an English politician.Thomas spent his childhood in Wulfhall, outside Savernake Forest, in Wiltshire. Historian David Starkey describes Thomas thus: 'tall, well-built and with a dashing beard and auburn hair, he was irresistible to women'... (d) |
John Baker John Baker (English statesman) Sir John Baker was an English politician, and served as a Chancellor of the Exchequer, having previously been Speaker of the House of Commons of England.-Early life:... [I] (g) |
John Petyt (e) | Paul Withypoll |
| 18 February 1533 | William Bowyer William Bowyer (MP) Sir William Bowyer was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1614 and 1641.Bowyer was the son of Sir John Bowyer of Knipersley Staffordshire.... (f) |
||||
| ?1534 | Sir Roger Cholmley known as Sir Roger Cholmeley Roger Cholmeley Sir Roger Cholmeley was Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench from 1552 to 1553.-Background and early life:... |
||||
| 27 October 1534 | Robert Pakington | ||||
| 1535 | unknown | ||||
| 6th | 1536 | unknown | Sir Roger Cholmley known as Sir Roger Cholmeley Roger Cholmeley Sir Roger Cholmeley was Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench from 1552 to 1553.-Background and early life:... (h) |
unknown | unknown |
| 7th | 1539 | Sir Richard Gresham Richard Gresham Sir Richard Gresham was an English merchant, Lord Mayor of London, and member of parliament. He was the father of Sir Thomas Gresham.-Family:... |
Sir Roger Cholmley known as Sir Roger Cholmeley Roger Cholmeley Sir Roger Cholmeley was Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench from 1552 to 1553.-Background and early life:... |
?Richard Fermor Richard Fermor Richard Fermor , was an English wool merchant. His father was also a wool merchant in Witney, Oxfordshire, called Thomas Fermor.He was a merchant of the staple at Calais.He married Anne, daughter of Sir William Browne, Lord Mayor of London... (i) |
Paul Withypoll |
| 8th | 1541/42 | Sir William Roche | Sir Roger Cholmley known as Sir Roger Cholmeley Roger Cholmeley Sir Roger Cholmeley was Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench from 1552 to 1553.-Background and early life:... |
John Sturgeon | Nicholas Wilford |
| 9th | 19 January 1545 | Sir William Roche | Sir Roger Cholmley known as Sir Roger Cholmeley Roger Cholmeley Sir Roger Cholmeley was Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench from 1552 to 1553.-Background and early life:... |
John Sturgeon | Paul Withypoll |
| February 1545 | Sir William Forman | ||||
| February 1545 | Sir Richard Gresham Richard Gresham Sir Richard Gresham was an English merchant, Lord Mayor of London, and member of parliament. He was the father of Sir Thomas Gresham.-Family:... (j) |
||||
| 17 November 1545 | Robert Broke Robert Broke Sir Robert Broke SL was a British justice, politician and legal writer. He was the eldest son of Thomas Broke of Claverley, Shropshire and his wife Margaret. He studied at Strand Inn, and from there was admitted to Middle Temple at some point between 1525 and 1528 and studying pleading with the... (k) |
||||
Notes:-
- (a) More was elected at a by-electionBy-electionA by-election is an election held to fill a political office that has become vacant between regularly scheduled elections....
, held on an unknown date in 1510, before the Parliament assembled. He replaced James Yarford, who was disqualified from serving as a Citizen in Parliament when he was elected an AldermanAldermanAn alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by popular vote, or a council...
of the City (see explanation above about who was eligible for which of the seats). - (b) Calley ceased to be an MP on 6 September 1515. It is unknown who replaced him.
- (c) Hewster was also known by the alias of John Brampton.
- (d) Seymour resigned his seat, because of ill health, in December 1535. It is unknown who replaced him.
- (e) Petyt died and was replaced by William BowyerWilliam Bowyer (MP)Sir William Bowyer was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1614 and 1641.Bowyer was the son of Sir John Bowyer of Knipersley Staffordshire....
(see note f). The by-election was held by 18 February 1533. - (f) Bowyer was disqualified upon election as an Alderman. Robert Pakington was elected to fill the vacancy, at a by-election on 27 October 1534.
- (g) Baker was disqualified upon his resignation as Recorder of London. Sir Roger Cholmley known as Sir Roger CholmeleyRoger CholmeleySir Roger Cholmeley was Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench from 1552 to 1553.-Background and early life:...
was appointed Recorder on 17 June 1534 and by April 1536 he had been elected to Parliament at a by-election. - (h) Cholmley is known to have been a member of this Parliament as he is mentioned in the Parliamentary records. His colleagues are unknown however.
- (i) Fermor has been inferred to have been the member, but this is not fully confirmed so the relevant volume of the House of Commons prefixed the name with a question mark.
- (j) Gresham was elected at a by-election. Sir William Roche had originally been re-elected, but in January 1545 the King ordered that he be replaced. Sir William Forman was elected at a by-election in February 1545, but due to ill-health he was replaced by Gresham.
- (k) Broke was elected at a by-election on 17 November 1545, following Sir Roger CholmeleyRoger CholmeleySir Roger Cholmeley was Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench from 1552 to 1553.-Background and early life:...
(who was originally elected) becoming disqualified when he resigned as Recorder of London on his appointment to the senior judicial office of Lord Chief Baron of the ExchequerLord Chief Baron of the ExchequerThe Chief Baron of the Exchequer was the first "baron" of the English Exchequer of pleas. "In the absence of both the Treasurer of the Exchequer or First Lord of the Treasury, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, it was he who presided in the equity court and answered the bar i.e...
.
Parliaments of King Edward VI of England
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2 August 1547 | 1547 | 4 November 1547 | 15 April 1552 |
| 2nd | 5 January 1553 | 1553 | 1 March 1553 | 31 March 1553 |
| No | Elected | 1st member | 2nd member | 3rd member | 4th member |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 1547 | Sir Martin Bowes Martin Bowes Sir Martin Bowes , was a sixteenth-century English politician.Bowes made a career at the Royal Mint, as a master-worker and under-treasurer, and personally contributed to the debasement of English currency. He was a Sheriff of London for 1540 and the Lord Mayor of London for 1545... |
Robert Broke Robert Broke Sir Robert Broke SL was a British justice, politician and legal writer. He was the eldest son of Thomas Broke of Claverley, Shropshire and his wife Margaret. He studied at Strand Inn, and from there was admitted to Middle Temple at some point between 1525 and 1528 and studying pleading with the... |
Thomas Curteys (a) | Thomas Bacon Thomas Bacon (politician) Thomas Bacon was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons of England between 1654 and 1655 and between 1660 and 1661.... |
| 4 March 1552 | John Blundell | ||||
| 2nd | 1553 | Sir Martin Bowes Martin Bowes Sir Martin Bowes , was a sixteenth-century English politician.Bowes made a career at the Royal Mint, as a master-worker and under-treasurer, and personally contributed to the debasement of English currency. He was a Sheriff of London for 1540 and the Lord Mayor of London for 1545... |
Robert Broke Robert Broke Sir Robert Broke SL was a British justice, politician and legal writer. He was the eldest son of Thomas Broke of Claverley, Shropshire and his wife Margaret. He studied at Strand Inn, and from there was admitted to Middle Temple at some point between 1525 and 1528 and studying pleading with the... |
John Marshe | John Blundell |
Note:-
- (a) Curteys was disqualified from continuing to serve as a Citizen in Parliament, upon his election as an Alderman. John Blundell was elected to fill the vacancy at a by-election on 4 March 1552.
Parliaments of Queen Mary I of England
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 14 August 1553 | 1553 | 5 October 1553 | 5 December 1553 |
| 2nd | 17 February 1554 | 1554 | 2 April 1554 | 3 May 1554 |
| 3rd | 3 October 1554 | 1554 | 12 November 1554 | 16 January 1555 |
| 4th | 3 September 1555 | 1555 | 21 October 1555 | 9 December 1555 |
| 5th | 6 December 1557 | 1557/58 | 20 January 1558 | 17 November 1558 |
| No | Elected | 1st member | 2nd member | 3rd member | 4th member |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 1553 | Sir Rowland Hill Rowland Hill (MP) Sir Rowland Hill, of Soulton was the first Protestant Lord Mayor of London. He was a merchant, statesman and philanthropist.-Early Life:... |
Robert Broke Robert Broke Sir Robert Broke SL was a British justice, politician and legal writer. He was the eldest son of Thomas Broke of Claverley, Shropshire and his wife Margaret. He studied at Strand Inn, and from there was admitted to Middle Temple at some point between 1525 and 1528 and studying pleading with the... |
John Marshe | John Blundell |
| 2nd | 1554 | Sir Martin Bowes Martin Bowes Sir Martin Bowes , was a sixteenth-century English politician.Bowes made a career at the Royal Mint, as a master-worker and under-treasurer, and personally contributed to the debasement of English currency. He was a Sheriff of London for 1540 and the Lord Mayor of London for 1545... |
Robert Broke Robert Broke Sir Robert Broke SL was a British justice, politician and legal writer. He was the eldest son of Thomas Broke of Claverley, Shropshire and his wife Margaret. He studied at Strand Inn, and from there was admitted to Middle Temple at some point between 1525 and 1528 and studying pleading with the... |
John Marshe | John Blundell |
| 3rd | 1554 | Sir Martin Bowes Martin Bowes Sir Martin Bowes , was a sixteenth-century English politician.Bowes made a career at the Royal Mint, as a master-worker and under-treasurer, and personally contributed to the debasement of English currency. He was a Sheriff of London for 1540 and the Lord Mayor of London for 1545... |
Ralph Cholmley | Richard Grafton Richard Grafton Richard Grafton , was King's Printer under Henry VIII and Edward VI. He was a member of the Grocers' Company and MP for Coventry elected 1562-63.-Under Henry VIII:... |
Richard Burnell |
| 4th | 1555 | Sir Martin Bowes Martin Bowes Sir Martin Bowes , was a sixteenth-century English politician.Bowes made a career at the Royal Mint, as a master-worker and under-treasurer, and personally contributed to the debasement of English currency. He was a Sheriff of London for 1540 and the Lord Mayor of London for 1545... |
Ralph Cholmley | Philip Bold | Nicholas Chowne |
| 5th | 1558 | Sir William Garrard William Garrard Sir William Garrard was a merchant of London and a royal financier.-Early life:Garrard was born in 1518, the son of John Garrard, a grocer and descendant of Sir Simon Attegare; Attegare being origin of the surname Garrard. He grew up in the parish of St. Magnus the Martyr near London Bridge... |
Ralph Cholmley | John Marshe | Richard Grafton Richard Grafton Richard Grafton , was King's Printer under Henry VIII and Edward VI. He was a member of the Grocers' Company and MP for Coventry elected 1562-63.-Under Henry VIII:... |
Parliaments of Queen Elizabeth I of England
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 5 December 1558 | 9 January 1559 | 23 January 1559 | 8 May 1559 |
| 2nd | 10 November 1562 | December 1562 | 11 January 1563 | 2 January 1567 |
| 3rd | ... | March 1571 | 2 April 1571 | 29 May 1571 |
| 4th | 28 March 1572 | April 1572 | 8 May 1572 | 19 April 1583 |
| 5th | 12 October 1584 | 22 October 1584 | 23 November 1584 | 14 September 1585 |
| 6th | 15 September 1586 | 3 October 1586 | 15 October 1586 | 23 March 1587 |
| 7th | 18 September 1588 | 1 October 1588 | 4 February 1589 | 29 March 1589 |
| 8th | 4 January 1593 | 27 November 1592 | 18 February 1593 | 10 April 1593 |
| 9th | 23 August 1597 | 3 or 4 October 1597 | 24 October 1597 | 9 February 1598 |
| 10th | 11 September 1601 | 6 October 1601 | 27 October 1601 | 19 December 1601 |
| No | Elected | 1st member | 2nd member | 3rd member | 4th member |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 9 January 1559 | Sir Martin Bowes Martin Bowes Sir Martin Bowes , was a sixteenth-century English politician.Bowes made a career at the Royal Mint, as a master-worker and under-treasurer, and personally contributed to the debasement of English currency. He was a Sheriff of London for 1540 and the Lord Mayor of London for 1545... |
Ralph Cholmley | John Marshe | Richard Hills |
| 2nd | December 1562 | Sir Martin Bowes Martin Bowes Sir Martin Bowes , was a sixteenth-century English politician.Bowes made a career at the Royal Mint, as a master-worker and under-treasurer, and personally contributed to the debasement of English currency. He was a Sheriff of London for 1540 and the Lord Mayor of London for 1545... |
Ralph Cholmley (a) | Lawrence Withers | John Marshe |
| October 1566 | Sir John White | ||||
| 3rd | March 1571 | Sir John White | Thomas Wilbraham | John Marshe | Thomas Norton Thomas Norton Thomas Norton was an English lawyer, politician, writer of verse — but not, as has been claimed, the chief interrogator of Queen Elizabeth I.-Official career:... |
| 4th | April 1572 | Sir Rowland Hayward | William Fleetwood William Fleetwood (MP) Sir William Fleetwood was an English courtier and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640 and again from 1661 to 1674.... [I] |
John Marshe (b) | Thomas Norton Thomas Norton Thomas Norton was an English lawyer, politician, writer of verse — but not, as has been claimed, the chief interrogator of Queen Elizabeth I.-Official career:... |
| 7 October 1579 | Thomas Aldersey | ||||
| 5th | 22 October 1584 | Sir Nicholas Woodrofe | William Fleetwood William Fleetwood (MP) Sir William Fleetwood was an English courtier and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640 and again from 1661 to 1674.... [I] |
Thomas Aldersey | Walter Fish (c) |
| September 1585 | Henry Billingsley Henry Billingsley Sir Henry Billingsley was Lord Mayor of London and the first translator of Euclid into English.-Early Life:He was a son of William Billingsley, haberdasher and assaymaster of London, and his wife, Elizabeth Harlowe. He entered St... |
||||
| 6th | 3 October 1586 | Sir Edward Osborne Edward Osborne Sir Edward Osborne , was one of the principal merchants of London in the later sixteenth century, and Lord Mayor of London in 1583.-Early life:Osborne was the eldest son of Richard Osborne of Ashford, Kent, by his wife, Jane Broughton... |
William Fleetwood William Fleetwood (MP) Sir William Fleetwood was an English courtier and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640 and again from 1661 to 1674.... [I] |
Thomas Aldersey | Richard Saltonstall |
| 7th | 1 October 1588 | Sir George Barne George Barne III Sir George Barne III was a prominent merchant and public official from London during the reign of Elizabeth I, and the son of Sir George Barne II, and Alice Brooke.-Life:... |
William Fleetwood William Fleetwood (MP) Sir William Fleetwood was an English courtier and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640 and again from 1661 to 1674.... [I] |
Thomas Aldersey | Andrew Palmer |
| 8th | 27 November 1592 | Sir John Hart | Edward Drew Edward Drew Edward Drew , was recorder of London.Drew, eldest son of Thomas Drew , by his wife Eleanora, daughter of William Huckmore of the county of Devon, appears to have been born at the family seat of Sharpham, in the parish of Ashprington, near Totnes, and spent some time at the university... |
Andrew Palmer | George Southerton |
| 9th | 3 or 4 October 1597 | Sir John Hart | John Croke John Croke Sir John Croke was Speaker of the English House of Commons between October–December 1601. He was a lawyer and judge by profession, and was Recorder of London... [III] |
George Southerton | Thomas Fettiplace |
| 10th | 6 October 1601 | Sir Stephen Soame Stephen Soame Sir Stephen Soame was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1601. He was Lord Mayor of London.... |
John Croke John Croke Sir John Croke was Speaker of the English House of Commons between October–December 1601. He was a lawyer and judge by profession, and was Recorder of London... [III] |
Thomas Fettiplace | John Pynder |
Notes:-
- (a) Cholmley died on 25 April 1563. Sir John White was elected to fill the vacancy at a by-election in October 1566.
- (b) Marshe died and Thomas Aldersey was elected to fill the vacancy at a by-election on 7 October 1579.
- (c) Fish died and Henry BillingsleyHenry BillingsleySir Henry Billingsley was Lord Mayor of London and the first translator of Euclid into English.-Early Life:He was a son of William Billingsley, haberdasher and assaymaster of London, and his wife, Elizabeth Harlowe. He entered St...
was elected to fill the vacancy at a by-election in September 1585.
Parliaments of King James I of England
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 31 January 1604 | 1604 | 19 March 1604 | 9 February 1611 |
| 2nd Addled Parliament The Addled Parliament was the second Parliament of England of the reign of James I of England , which sat between 5 April and 7 June 1614... |
... | ?1614 | 5 April 1614 | 7 June 1614 |
| 3rd | 13 November 1620 | 1620/21 | 16 January 1621 | 8 February 1622 |
| 4th | 20 December 1623 | 1623/24 | 12 February 1624 | 27 March 1625 |
| No. | Elected | 1st member | 2nd member | 3rd member | 4th member |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 1604 | Nicholas Fuller Nicholas Fuller (lawyer) Sir Nicholas Fuller was an English barrister and Member of Parliament. After studying at Christ's College, Cambridge, Fuller became a barrister of Gray's Inn... |
Sir Henry Montague Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester Sir Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester was an English judge, politician and peer.-Life:He was the grandson of Sir Edward Montagu, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench from 1539 to 1545, who was named by King Henry VIII one of the executors of his will, and governor to his son, Edward VI.Born... |
Sir Henry Billingsley Henry Billingsley Sir Henry Billingsley was Lord Mayor of London and the first translator of Euclid into English.-Early Life:He was a son of William Billingsley, haberdasher and assaymaster of London, and his wife, Elizabeth Harlowe. He entered St... |
Richard Gore Richard Gore Richard Gore was an English merchant adventurer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1604 to 1611.Gore was the son of Gerard Gore, an alderman of the City of London. He was auditor from 1601 to 1603. In 1604, Gore was elected Member of Parliament for City of London and sat until 1611... |
| 2nd | 1614 | Nicholas Fuller Nicholas Fuller (lawyer) Sir Nicholas Fuller was an English barrister and Member of Parliament. After studying at Christ's College, Cambridge, Fuller became a barrister of Gray's Inn... |
Sir Henry Montague Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester Sir Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester was an English judge, politician and peer.-Life:He was the grandson of Sir Edward Montagu, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench from 1539 to 1545, who was named by King Henry VIII one of the executors of his will, and governor to his son, Edward VI.Born... |
Robert Middleton | Sir Thomas Lowe Thomas Lowe (Lord Mayor) Sir Thomas Lowe was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1606 and 1622. He was an alderman of the City of London and became Lord Mayor of London in 1604.... |
| 3rd | 1621 | William Towerson | Robert Heath Robert Heath Sir Robert Heath was an English lawyer and judge.-Early life:He was educated at Tunbridge Wells grammar school, St John's College, Cambridge from age 14 and Clifford's Inn from age 17; and became a barrister of the Inner Temple in 1603. He was an MP for the City of London in 1620, and became... |
Robert Bateman Robert Bateman (MP) Robert Bateman was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1626.Bateman was the son of Richard Bateman of Hartington and his wife Ellen Topleyes daughter of William Topleyes of Tissington Derbyshire. He was baptised at Hartington on 8 September 1561... |
Sir Thomas Lowe Thomas Lowe (Lord Mayor) Sir Thomas Lowe was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1606 and 1622. He was an alderman of the City of London and became Lord Mayor of London in 1604.... |
| 4th | 1624 | Sir Thomas Middleton Thomas Myddelton Sir Thomas Myddelton was the fourth son of Richard Myddelton, Governor of Denbigh, and Jane Dryhurst.As a youth, he was apprenticed to a grocer in London, and made his fortune in trade... |
Heneage Finch Heneage Finch (Speaker) Sir Heneage Finch was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1607 and 1626. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons in 1626.... |
Robert Bateman Robert Bateman (MP) Robert Bateman was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1626.Bateman was the son of Richard Bateman of Hartington and his wife Ellen Topleyes daughter of William Topleyes of Tissington Derbyshire. He was baptised at Hartington on 8 September 1561... |
Martin Bond Martin Bond Martin Bond was an English soldier, merchant adventurer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1624 to 1625.Bond was the son of William Bond, sheriff and alderman of London. In 1588 he was Captain at the camp at Tilbury which was prepared to repel the Spanish Armada, and remained... |
Parliaments of King Charles I of England
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2 April 1625 | 1625 | 17 May 1625 | 12 August 1625 |
| 2nd | 20 December 1625 | 1625/26 | 6 February 1626 | 15 June 1626 |
| 3rd | 31 January 1628 | 1628 | 17 March 1628 | 10 March 1629 |
| 4th Short Parliament The Short Parliament was a Parliament of England that sat from 13 April to 5 May 1640 during the reign of King Charles I of England, so called because it lasted only three weeks.... |
20 February 1640 | 1640 | 13 April 1640 | 5 May 1640 |
| 5th Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... |
24 September 1640 | 1640 | 3 November 1640 | 16 March 1660 |
| No. | Elected | 1st member | 2nd member | 3rd member | 4th member |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 1625 | Sir Thomas Middleton Thomas Myddelton Sir Thomas Myddelton was the fourth son of Richard Myddelton, Governor of Denbigh, and Jane Dryhurst.As a youth, he was apprenticed to a grocer in London, and made his fortune in trade... |
Heneage Finch Heneage Finch (Speaker) Sir Heneage Finch was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1607 and 1626. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons in 1626.... |
Robert Bateman Robert Bateman (MP) Robert Bateman was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1626.Bateman was the son of Richard Bateman of Hartington and his wife Ellen Topleyes daughter of William Topleyes of Tissington Derbyshire. He was baptised at Hartington on 8 September 1561... |
Martin Bond Martin Bond Martin Bond was an English soldier, merchant adventurer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1624 to 1625.Bond was the son of William Bond, sheriff and alderman of London. In 1588 he was Captain at the camp at Tilbury which was prepared to repel the Spanish Armada, and remained... |
| 2nd | 1626 | Sir Thomas Middleton Thomas Myddelton Sir Thomas Myddelton was the fourth son of Richard Myddelton, Governor of Denbigh, and Jane Dryhurst.As a youth, he was apprenticed to a grocer in London, and made his fortune in trade... |
Heneage Finch Heneage Finch (Speaker) Sir Heneage Finch was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1607 and 1626. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons in 1626.... |
Sir Robert Bateman Robert Bateman (MP) Robert Bateman was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1626.Bateman was the son of Richard Bateman of Hartington and his wife Ellen Topleyes daughter of William Topleyes of Tissington Derbyshire. He was baptised at Hartington on 8 September 1561... |
Sir Maurice Abbot Maurice Abbot Sir Maurice Abbot was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1626. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1638.... |
| 3rd | 1628 | Thomas Moulson Thomas Moulson Sir Thomas Moulson , an alderman and member of the Grocers' Company, was a Sheriff of London in 1624 and Lord Mayor of London in 1634.... |
Christopher Clitherow Christopher Clitherow Sir Christopher Clitherow was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1628 to 1629. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1635.... |
Henry Waller | James Bunce |
| 4th | 1640 | Thomas Soame Thomas Soame Sir Thomas Soame was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1648.Soame was the son of Sir Stephen Soame and his wife Anne Stone daughter of William Stone, haberdasher of London and his wife Mercy Gray daughter of John Gray of Barley, Hertfordshire. His father was Lord... |
Isaac Pennington | Samuel Vassall Samuel Vassall Samuel Vassall was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1648. He was active trading in and settling the American colonies of Massachusetts, Virginia and Carolina.-Early life:... |
Matthew Cradock Matthew Cradock Matthew Cradock was a London merchant, politician, and the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company. Founded in 1628, it was an organization of Puritan businessmen that organized and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony... |
| 5th | 1640 | Sir Thomas Soame Thomas Soame Sir Thomas Soame was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1648.Soame was the son of Sir Stephen Soame and his wife Anne Stone daughter of William Stone, haberdasher of London and his wife Mercy Gray daughter of John Gray of Barley, Hertfordshire. His father was Lord... (excluded 1648) |
Isaac Pennington | Samuel Vassall Samuel Vassall Samuel Vassall was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1648. He was active trading in and settling the American colonies of Massachusetts, Virginia and Carolina.-Early life:... (excluded 1648) |
Matthew Cradock Matthew Cradock Matthew Cradock was a London merchant, politician, and the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company. Founded in 1628, it was an organization of Puritan businessmen that organized and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony... (died 1641) John Venn (died 1650) |
Parliaments of the Commonwealth
The Long ParliamentLong Parliament
The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and...
or the selection of members from it known as the Rump Parliament
Rump Parliament
The Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason....
functioned de facto during part of the Commonwealth of England
Commonwealth of England
The Commonwealth of England was the republic which ruled first England, and then Ireland and Scotland from 1649 to 1660. Between 1653–1659 it was known as the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland...
period. It existed (in a sense) de jure 1640-1660, as under a pre-English Civil War
English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...
law, the Long Parliament could not be lawfully dissolved without its own consent which it did not give until 1660. As it was a Parliament originally summoned by King Charles I, the overall dates of the Long Parliament are given in the previous section.
The Barebones Parliament
Barebones Parliament
Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector...
was an appointed body, so the City was not an electoral constituency represented as such in it. That body was summoned on 20 June 1653, first met on 4 July 1653 and was dissolved on 12 December 1653.
| Year | 1st member | 2nd member | 3rd member | 4th member | 5th member | 6th member | 7th member |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1653 | Robert Tichborne Robert Tichborne Sir Robert Tichborne , was an English soldier who fought in the English Civil War and a regicide of Charles I.Before the war he was a linen-draper by trade. In 1643 he was a captain in the London trained bands. He was lieutenant of the Tower of London in 1647. He was an extreme republican and... |
John Ireton John Ireton John Ireton was Lord Mayor of London in 1658 and brother of General Henry Ireton.John Ireton was knighted by Oliver Cromwell, and purchased the estate of Radcliffe-on-Soar, in Nottinghamshire from Colonel Hutchinson... |
Samuel Moyer Samuel Moyer Samuel Moyer was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1653. He was a strong republican and supporter of the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.... |
John Stone John Stone (Parliamentarian) John Stone was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1653 and 1659.Stone was from Ridgemont, Bedfordshire and lived at Friday Street, London. In 1632 he purchased the manor of Chalford in Aston Rowant in Oxfordshire.... |
Henry Barton | John Langley John Langley (MP) John Langley was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1653.Langley was a merchant of the City of London and a member of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers. He was one of the Court Assistants from 1643 to 1648 and from 1649 to 1650. He was elected alderman of... |
Praise-God Barebone Praise-God Barebone Praise-God Barebone was an English leather-seller, preacher and Fifth Monarchist. He is best known for giving his name to the Barebone's Parliament of the English Commonwealth of 1653.-Early life:Barebone's place of birth is unknown... |
Parliaments of the Protectorate
During the ProtectorateThe Protectorate
In British history, the Protectorate was the period 1653–1659 during which the Commonwealth of England was governed by a Lord Protector.-Background:...
the City was allocated six representatives in the First
First Protectorate Parliament
The First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government. It sat for one term from 3 September 1654 until 22 January 1655 with William Lenthall as the Speaker of the House....
and the Second Protectorate Parliament
Second Protectorate Parliament
The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons...
s, before reverting to four for the Third Protectorate Parliament
Third Protectorate Parliament
The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session, from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfylde as the Speakers of the House of Commons...
.
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 1 June 1654 | 1654 | 3 September 1654 | 22 January 1655 |
| 2nd | 10 July 1656 | 1656 | 17 September 1656 | 4 February 1658 |
| 3rd | 9 December 1658 | 1658/59 | 27 January 1659 | 22 April 1659 |
| Year | 1st member | 2nd member | 3rd member | 4th member | 5th member | 6th member |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1654 | Thomas Adams Sir Thomas Adams, 1st Baronet Sir Thomas Adams, 1st Baronet was the Lord Mayor of the City of London and a Member of Parliament for the City of London from 1654–1655 and 1656-1658.-Early life:... |
Thomas Foote Thomas Foote Sir Thomas Foote, 1st Baronet was a wealthy grocer of London.In 1646 he was made a Sheriff of London and in 1649 elected Lord Mayor of London. He represented London in the First and Second Protectorate Parliaments.... |
William Steele | John Langham Sir John Langham, 1st Baronet Sir John Langham. 1st Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1654 and 1660.Langham was a Turkey merchant and acquired a considerable fortune in the City of London. He was an alderman and sheriff of London in 1642... |
Samuel Avery Samuel Avery Samuel Avery was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1654.Avery was a merchant of the City of London and a member of the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors. In 1645 he was elected alderman of the City of London for Cripplegate ward. He was Master of the Merchant Taylors... |
Andrew Riccard Andrew Riccard Sir Andrew Riccard was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1654.Riccard was the son of Walter Riccard of Portesham. He became an Alderman of the City of London and was Sheriff of London in 1651... |
| 1656 | Thomas Adams Sir Thomas Adams, 1st Baronet Sir Thomas Adams, 1st Baronet was the Lord Mayor of the City of London and a Member of Parliament for the City of London from 1654–1655 and 1656-1658.-Early life:... |
Theophilus Biddulph Sir Theophilus Biddulph, 1st Baronet Sir Theophilus Biddulph, 1st Baronet was the son of Michael Biddulph of Elmhurst, Staffordshire.He was a London Silkman who was knighted in 1660 and created a Baronet in the Baronetage of England on 2 November 1664... |
Richard Browne Sir Richard Browne, 1st Baronet of London Sir Richard Browne, 1st Baronet was a Major-General in the English Parliamentary army during the English Civil War. He was subsequently Lord Mayor of London.... |
Thomas Foote Thomas Foote Sir Thomas Foote, 1st Baronet was a wealthy grocer of London.In 1646 he was made a Sheriff of London and in 1649 elected Lord Mayor of London. He represented London in the First and Second Protectorate Parliaments.... |
Sir Christopher Pack | John Jones John Jones (Parliamentarian) John Jones was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1656 and 1679. He fought for the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.... |
| 1659 | Theophilus Biddulph Sir Theophilus Biddulph, 1st Baronet Sir Theophilus Biddulph, 1st Baronet was the son of Michael Biddulph of Elmhurst, Staffordshire.He was a London Silkman who was knighted in 1660 and created a Baronet in the Baronetage of England on 2 November 1664... |
Richard Browne Sir Richard Browne, 1st Baronet of London Sir Richard Browne, 1st Baronet was a Major-General in the English Parliamentary army during the English Civil War. He was subsequently Lord Mayor of London.... |
William Thompson William Thompson (London) Sir William Thompson was an English politician. He was the Member of Parliament for the City of London 19 Mar 1661 - 1679.-References:... |
John Jones John Jones (Parliamentarian) John Jones was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1656 and 1679. He fought for the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War.... |
||
Knights and Citizens serving 1660-1707
Key to parties: T Tory; W WhigBritish Whig Party
The Whigs were a party in the Parliament of England, Parliament of Great Britain, and Parliament of the United Kingdom, who contested power with the rival Tories from the 1680s to the 1850s. The Whigs' origin lay in constitutional monarchism and opposition to absolute rule...
.
| From | To | Name | Born | Died |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1660 | 1660 | William Wilde | c. 1611 | 23 November 1679 |
| 1660 | 1660 | Richard Browne Sir Richard Browne, 1st Baronet of London Sir Richard Browne, 1st Baronet was a Major-General in the English Parliamentary army during the English Civil War. He was subsequently Lord Mayor of London.... |
c. 1610 | 24 September 1669 |
| 1660 | 1660 | John Robinson Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of London Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of London was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1660 and 1667. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1662.... |
10 January 1615 | February 1680 |
| 1660 | 1660 | William Vincent William Vincent William Vincent was Dean of Westminster from 1803 to 1815.-Biography:Vincent born on 2 November 1739 in Limehouse Street Ward, London, was the fifth surviving son of Giles Vincent, packer and Portugal merchant, by Sarah .-Theological career:William was admitted at Westminster School as a ‘town... |
c. 1615 | 1661 |
| 1661 | 1662 | John Fowke John Fowke John Fowke was an English merchant and politician. He served as a Sheriff of London for 1644 and Lord Mayor of London for 1652.He was the Member of Parliament for City of London 1661 - 1662.-Early life:... |
c. 1596 | 22 April 1662 |
| 1661 | 1679 | Sir William Thompson William Thompson (London) Sir William Thompson was an English politician. He was the Member of Parliament for the City of London 19 Mar 1661 - 1679.-References:... |
10 April 1614 | c. April 1681 |
| 1661 | 1681 | William Love | c. 1620 | 1 May 1689 |
| 1661 | 1679 | John Jones | c. 1610 | 21 May 1692 |
| 1663 | 1679 | Sir John Frederick John Frederick (Lord Mayor) Sir John Frederick was an English merchant, MP and Lord Mayor of London.Frederick was a city of London merchant and a member of the Worshipful Company of Barber-Surgeons. On 22 September 1653, he was elected an alderman of the City of London for Vintry ward... |
25 October 1601 | 19 March 1685 |
| 1679 | 1681 | Sir Robert Clayton Robert Clayton Sir Robert Clayton was a British merchant banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London.Robert Clayton was born in Northamptonshire, England. He became an apprentice to his uncle, a London scrivener, where he met a fellow apprentice, Alderman John Morris... |
29 September 1629 | 16 July 1707 |
| 1679 | 1681 | Sir Thomas Player | ... | 14 June 1686 |
| 1679 | 1681 | Thomas Pilkington | 30 March 1628 | 16 November 1691 |
| 1685 | 1687 | Sir John Moore John Moore (London MP) Sir John Moore was the Member of Parliament for the City of London from 15 May 1685 to 9 January 1687., and Lord Mayor of London, 1681-82 -Biography:... |
11 June 1620 | 2 June 1702 |
| 1685 | 1687 | Sir William Prichard | c. 1632 | 18 February 1705 |
| 1685 | 1687 | Sir Samuel Dashwood | c. 1643 | 12 August 1705 |
| 1685 | 1687 | Sir Peter Rich | c. 1630 | 26 August 1692 |
| 1689 | 1690 | Sir Patience Ward | 7 December 1629 | 10 July 1696 |
| 1689 | 1690 | Sir Robert Clayton Robert Clayton Sir Robert Clayton was a British merchant banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London.Robert Clayton was born in Northamptonshire, England. He became an apprentice to his uncle, a London scrivener, where he met a fellow apprentice, Alderman John Morris... |
29 September 1629 | 16 July 1707 |
| 1689 | 1689 | William Love | c. 1620 | 1 May 1689 |
| 1689 | 1690 | Thomas Pilkington | 30 March 1628 | 16 November 1691 |
| 1689 | 1690 | Sir William Ashhurst William Ashhurst Sir William Ashhurst or Ashurst was an English banker, Sheriff of London, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament.-Biography:... |
26 April 1647 | 12 January 1720 |
| 1690 | 1695 | Sir William Prichard | c. 1632 | 18 February 1705 |
| 1690 | 1695 | Sir Samuel Dashwood | c. 1643 | 12 August 1705 |
| 1690 | 1693 | Sir William Turner | 12 September 1615 | 9 February 1693 |
| 1690 | 1695 | Sir Thomas Vernon | 10 December 1631 | 10 February 1711 |
| 1693 | 1701 | Sir John Fleet | 18 March 1648 | 6 July 1712 |
| 1695 | 1698 | Sir Robert Clayton Robert Clayton Sir Robert Clayton was a British merchant banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London.Robert Clayton was born in Northamptonshire, England. He became an apprentice to his uncle, a London scrivener, where he met a fellow apprentice, Alderman John Morris... |
29 September 1629 | 16 July 1707 |
| 1695 | 1702 | Sir William Ashhurst William Ashhurst Sir William Ashhurst or Ashurst was an English banker, Sheriff of London, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament.-Biography:... |
26 April 1647 | 12 January 1720 |
| 1695 | 1701 | Thomas Papillon | 6 September 1623 | 5 May 1702 |
| 1698 | 1701 | Sir James Houblon | 26 July 1629 | October 1700 |
| 1701 | 1702 | Sir Robert Clayton Robert Clayton Sir Robert Clayton was a British merchant banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London.Robert Clayton was born in Northamptonshire, England. He became an apprentice to his uncle, a London scrivener, where he met a fellow apprentice, Alderman John Morris... |
29 September 1629 | 16 July 1707 |
| 1701 | 1701 | Sir William Withers William Withers Sir William Withers was Lord Mayor of London from 1707 to 1708.-Family background:He was born in 1657, a descendant of Sir Thomas Wyther. Sir William Withers' father was believed to be the first family member to spell the name Wyther as Withers.Withers married Margaret Hayes, daughter of Thomas... (T) |
c. 1654 | 31 January 1721 |
| 1701 | 1701 | Gilbert Heathcote (a) | 2 January 1652 | 25 January 1733 |
| 1701 | 1701 | Sir John Fleet | 18 March 1648 | 6 July 1712 |
| 1701 | 1702 | Sir Thomas Abney Thomas Abney Sir Thomas Abney was Lord Mayor of London.Abney was born in Willesley, which at the time was in Derbyshire but is now in Leicestershire. He was educated at Loughborough Grammar School, where a house is named after him.... |
January 1640 | 6 February 1722 |
| 1701 | 1707 (b) | Sir Gilbert Heathcote | 2 January 1652 | 25 January 1733 |
| 1702 | 1705 | Sir William Prichard | c. 1632 | 18 February 1705 |
| 1702 | 1705 | Sir John Fleet | 18 March 1648 | 6 July 1712 |
| 1702 | 1705 | Sir Francis Child | 14 December 1642 | 4 October 1713 |
| 1705 | 1707 (b) | Sir Robert Clayton Robert Clayton Sir Robert Clayton was a British merchant banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London.Robert Clayton was born in Northamptonshire, England. He became an apprentice to his uncle, a London scrivener, where he met a fellow apprentice, Alderman John Morris... |
29 September 1629 | 16 July 1707 |
| 1705 | 1707 (b) | Samuel Shepheard | c. 1648 | 4 January 1719 |
| 1705 | 1707 (b) | Sir William Ashhurst William Ashhurst Sir William Ashhurst or Ashurst was an English banker, Sheriff of London, Lord Mayor of London and Member of Parliament.-Biography:... |
26 April 1647 | 12 January 1720 |
- Notes:-
- (a) Expelled
- (b) Continued in Parliament after the Union took effect on 1 May 1707.
Election Dates 1660-1710
Dates of general and by-elections from 1660 (excluding some general elections at which no new MP was returned).
|
|
|
Election Results 1660-1690
- Death of Fowke 22 April 1662
- Death of Love 1 May 1689
See also
- Duration of English Parliaments before 1660Duration of English Parliaments before 1660This article augments the List of Parliaments of England to be found elsewhere and to precede Duration of English, British and United Kingdom Parliaments from 1660, with additional information which could not be conveniently incorporated in them....
- Duration of English, British and United Kingdom Parliaments from 1660Duration of English, British and United Kingdom Parliaments from 1660This article augments the lists of Parliaments to be found elsewhere with additional information which could not be conveniently incorporated in them....
- List of Parliaments of England