Duration of English Parliaments before 1660
Encyclopedia
This article augments the List of Parliaments of England to be found elsewhere (see link below) and to precede Duration of English, British and United Kingdom Parliaments from 1660
, with additional information which could not be conveniently incorporated in them.
The definition of which bodies should be classified as Parliaments becomes increasingly problematic before the accession of the Tudor monarchs, starting with King Henry VII. Different sources may vary in the number of Parliaments in a particular reign.
The -Plt columns in the tables below count backwards from the Parliament elected in 2005. This is not the conventional way of numbering Parliaments. The No. column contains the number counting forward from the accession of particular monarchs of England before 1660 (or the Commonwealth and Protectorate regimes of the 1650s).
The duration column is calculated from the date of the first meeting of the Parliament, to that of dissolution, using a year-month-day format.
, which was a body which advised the King on legislative matters. It had come into existence after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. It replaced the earlier Anglo-Saxon institution of the Witenagemot
, which had a similar mix of important clerical and lay members, but different powers.
The Curia Regis (known in English as the Council or Court) was composed of prominent church leaders (Archbishop
s, Bishop
s and some Abbot
s) and the King's feudal tenants-in-chief (in effect the landowning aristocracy, the Earl
s and Baron
s).
The point at which some meetings of the prelates and lay magnates became known as Parliaments is difficult to define precisely.
The term parliamentum was used in the general sense of a meeting at which negotiations took place. The word began to be used to refer to meetings of the Council in the 1230s and 1240s. The earliest known official use was by the Court of King's Bench which in November 1236 adjourned a case to be heard at a parliamentum at Westminster due on the following 13 January.
A meeting of the Council was held at Merton Abbey in 1236. This gathering became known as the Parliament of Merton. It passed certain legislation, which constitutes the first entry in the official collection of the statutes of England, published in the nineteenth century.
It may be that the meeting at Merton involved no innovation, but owes its prominence to the chance survival of some records which were copied into a collection of statutes from the second half of the fourteenth century.
The list of Parliaments in this article commences with a meeting in London in 1242, which was summoned in 1241. This again may not have represented any real innovation, but rather is given prominence by the chance survival of records. Powell and Wallis confirm that a copy of the writ of summons has survived, possibly the earliest still in existence. Dramatic political events at the meeting were recorded by the chronicler Matthew Paris
, so it is known that the King asked for a tax, which the Council (retrospectively dubbed a Parliament) refused to grant. It is unlikely that the gathering was seen by contemporaries as any different from the similar meetings of the Curia Regis that had been held since the Conquest, but as a list of Parliaments must start at some time this was the meeting chosen by the source from which this list is drawn.
controlled territories, when the day which followed 2 September was 14 September. This was done to bring Britain and its empire
fully into line with the Gregorian calendar
.
There were some meetings before 1241 which are sometimes called Parliaments, notably the Parliament of Merton in 1236.
Early Parliaments did not, so far as is known, include representatives of the communities (or commons) of England. They were composed of important church officials and landowners, whom the King summoned individually to advise him, similar to the group of men which eventually became known as the House of Lords
.
The Sheriffs
of the English Counties were ordered to send knights of the shire to attend a number of Parliaments before 1265, but they were not required to have them chosen by election. No such summonses are known to have required the attendance of citizens of cities or burgesses of other boroughs. Records of this sort of summons survive for the Oxford Parliament
, which was the seventh Parliament of King Henry III
, assembled 27 October 1258 and presumed dissolved when writ
s de expensis were issued on 4 November 1258, and for the same king's sixteenth Parliament, summoned on 4 June 1264 and assembled on 22 June 1264, although the date of dissolution is unknown.
De Montfort's Parliament
in 1265 was the first Parliament to include elected representatives from counties (or shires), cities and boroughs, the group which eventually became the House of Commons
.
In 1320 it became the invariable practice to summon the Commons
to Parliament. If the Commons were not summoned to an early Parliament, this is indicated in a footnote. The normal place for Parliaments to meet was in Westminster
. If a different location is known it is indicated in a note. Unusual features of the dates of summons, attendance or dissolution of a Parliament are included in a note.
reigned between 18/19 October 1216 and 16 November 1272.
Notes:-
reigned between 20 November 1272 – 7 July 1307.
Notes:-
reigned between 7 July 1307 - 20 January 1327.
Notes:-
reigned between 25 January 1327 - 21 June 1377.
Notes:-
Note:-
Note:-
Note:-
Note:-
Note:-
and continued to exist long after the King's death, it was a Parliament he originally summoned. An attempt has been made to set out the different phases of the Parliament in the second table in this section and in subsequent sections. The phases are indicated by a letter in the -Plt column (in the case of these phases they all share the same -Plt number, which is used in the first table of this section, so the column is available to set out the letter for the phases moving forward from 1640) and are explained in a note.
Note:-
Note:-
Parliaments of the Revolution and Commonwealth
Note:-
These parliaments included representatives of Scotland and Ireland.
Note:-
Parliaments of the Commonwealth
Note:-
.
Notes: -
Notes:-
Notes:-
Duration of English, British and United Kingdom Parliaments from 1660
This article augments the lists of Parliaments to be found elsewhere with additional information which could not be conveniently incorporated in them....
, with additional information which could not be conveniently incorporated in them.
The definition of which bodies should be classified as Parliaments becomes increasingly problematic before the accession of the Tudor monarchs, starting with King Henry VII. Different sources may vary in the number of Parliaments in a particular reign.
The -Plt columns in the tables below count backwards from the Parliament elected in 2005. This is not the conventional way of numbering Parliaments. The No. column contains the number counting forward from the accession of particular monarchs of England before 1660 (or the Commonwealth and Protectorate regimes of the 1650s).
The duration column is calculated from the date of the first meeting of the Parliament, to that of dissolution, using a year-month-day format.
Origin of Parliament
Parliament grew out of the Curia RegisCuria Regis
Curia regis is a Latin term meaning "royal council" or "king's court."- England :The Curia Regis, in the Kingdom of England, was a council of tenants-in-chief and ecclesiastics that advised the king of England on legislative matters...
, which was a body which advised the King on legislative matters. It had come into existence after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. It replaced the earlier Anglo-Saxon institution of the Witenagemot
Witenagemot
The Witenagemot , also known as the Witan was a political institution in Anglo-Saxon England which operated from before the 7th century until the 11th century.The Witenagemot was an assembly of the ruling class whose primary function was to advise the king and whose membership was...
, which had a similar mix of important clerical and lay members, but different powers.
The Curia Regis (known in English as the Council or Court) was composed of prominent church leaders (Archbishop
Archbishop
An archbishop is a bishop of higher rank, but not of higher sacramental order above that of the three orders of deacon, priest , and bishop...
s, Bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
s and some Abbot
Abbot
The word abbot, meaning father, is a title given to the head of a monastery in various traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not actually the head of a monastery...
s) and the King's feudal tenants-in-chief (in effect the landowning aristocracy, the Earl
Earl
An earl is a member of the nobility. The title is Anglo-Saxon, akin to the Scandinavian form jarl, and meant "chieftain", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced with duke...
s and Baron
Baron
Baron is a title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin baro meaning " man, warrior"; it merged with cognate Old English beorn meaning "nobleman"...
s).
The point at which some meetings of the prelates and lay magnates became known as Parliaments is difficult to define precisely.
The term parliamentum was used in the general sense of a meeting at which negotiations took place. The word began to be used to refer to meetings of the Council in the 1230s and 1240s. The earliest known official use was by the Court of King's Bench which in November 1236 adjourned a case to be heard at a parliamentum at Westminster due on the following 13 January.
A meeting of the Council was held at Merton Abbey in 1236. This gathering became known as the Parliament of Merton. It passed certain legislation, which constitutes the first entry in the official collection of the statutes of England, published in the nineteenth century.
It may be that the meeting at Merton involved no innovation, but owes its prominence to the chance survival of some records which were copied into a collection of statutes from the second half of the fourteenth century.
The list of Parliaments in this article commences with a meeting in London in 1242, which was summoned in 1241. This again may not have represented any real innovation, but rather is given prominence by the chance survival of records. Powell and Wallis confirm that a copy of the writ of summons has survived, possibly the earliest still in existence. Dramatic political events at the meeting were recorded by the chronicler Matthew Paris
Matthew Paris
Matthew Paris was a Benedictine monk, English chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts and cartographer, based at St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire...
, so it is known that the King asked for a tax, which the Council (retrospectively dubbed a Parliament) refused to grant. It is unlikely that the gathering was seen by contemporaries as any different from the similar meetings of the Curia Regis that had been held since the Conquest, but as a list of Parliaments must start at some time this was the meeting chosen by the source from which this list is drawn.
List of Parliaments from 1241
The English civil year started on 25 March until 1752. The years used in this article have been converted to the new style where necessary. Old style dates are a year earlier than the new style for dates between 1 January and 24 March. No attempt has been made to compensate for the eleven days which did not occur in September 1752, both in England and Scotland, as well as in other BritishKingdom of Great Britain
The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign...
controlled territories, when the day which followed 2 September was 14 September. This was done to bring Britain and its empire
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the...
fully into line with the Gregorian calendar
Gregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter...
.
There were some meetings before 1241 which are sometimes called Parliaments, notably the Parliament of Merton in 1236.
Early Parliaments did not, so far as is known, include representatives of the communities (or commons) of England. They were composed of important church officials and landowners, whom the King summoned individually to advise him, similar to the group of men which eventually became known as the House of Lords
House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
.
The Sheriffs
High Sheriff
A high sheriff is, or was, a law enforcement officer in the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States.In England and Wales, the office is unpaid and partly ceremonial, appointed by the Crown through a warrant from the Privy Council. In Cornwall, the High Sheriff is appointed by the Duke of...
of the English Counties were ordered to send knights of the shire to attend a number of Parliaments before 1265, but they were not required to have them chosen by election. No such summonses are known to have required the attendance of citizens of cities or burgesses of other boroughs. Records of this sort of summons survive for the Oxford Parliament
Oxford Parliament (1258)
The Oxford Parliament , also known as the "Mad Parliament" and the "First English Parliament", assembled during the reign of Henry III of England. It was established by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. The parlour or prolocutor was Peter de Montfort under the direction of Simon de Montfort...
, which was the seventh Parliament of King Henry III
Henry III of England
Henry III was the son and successor of John as King of England, reigning for 56 years from 1216 until his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Æthelred the Unready...
, assembled 27 October 1258 and presumed dissolved when writ
Writ
In common law, a writ is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction; in modern usage, this body is generally a court...
s de expensis were issued on 4 November 1258, and for the same king's sixteenth Parliament, summoned on 4 June 1264 and assembled on 22 June 1264, although the date of dissolution is unknown.
De Montfort's Parliament
De Montfort's Parliament
De Montfort's Parliament was an English parliament of 1265, instigated by Simon de Montfort, a baronial rebel leader. Although this gathering did not have the approval of king Henry III, and the members convened without royal approval, most scholars believe this was the first gathering in England...
in 1265 was the first Parliament to include elected representatives from counties (or shires), cities and boroughs, the group which eventually became the House of Commons
House of Commons of England
The House of Commons of England was the lower house of the Parliament of England from its development in the 14th century to the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain...
.
In 1320 it became the invariable practice to summon the Commons
House of Commons of England
The House of Commons of England was the lower house of the Parliament of England from its development in the 14th century to the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain...
to Parliament. If the Commons were not summoned to an early Parliament, this is indicated in a footnote. The normal place for Parliaments to meet was in Westminster
Palace of Westminster
The Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace, is the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom—the House of Lords and the House of Commons...
. If a different location is known it is indicated in a note. Unusual features of the dates of summons, attendance or dissolution of a Parliament are included in a note.
Parliaments of King Henry III
King Henry IIIHenry III of England
Henry III was the son and successor of John as King of England, reigning for 56 years from 1216 until his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Æthelred the Unready...
reigned between 18/19 October 1216 and 16 November 1272.
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Presiding Officer¹ | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st² | 14 December 1241 | n/a | 27 January 1242 | ... | ... | n/a | 347 | ... |
| 2nd² | ... | n/a | 9 February 1248 | ... | ... | n/a | 346 | ... |
| 3rd² | 11 February 1254 | n/a | 26 April 1254 | ... | ... | n/a | 345 | ... |
| 4th² | ... | n/a | 18 April 1255 | ... | ... | n/a | 344 | ... |
| 5th² | ... | n/a | 9 June 1258 | ... | ... | n/a | 343 | ... |
| 6th² | ... | n/a | 13 October 1258 | ... | ... | n/a | 342 | ... |
| 7th Oxford Parliament (1258) The Oxford Parliament , also known as the "Mad Parliament" and the "First English Parliament", assembled during the reign of Henry III of England. It was established by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. The parlour or prolocutor was Peter de Montfort under the direction of Simon de Montfort... |
... | n/a | 27 October 1258 | 4 November 1258 | 0-0-9 | Peter de Montfort Peter de Montfort Sir Peter de Montfort was an English parliamentarian.In 1257 he was High Sheriff of Staffordshire and Shropshire.... |
341 | a |
| 8th² | ... | n/a | 9 February 1259 | ... | ... | n/a | 340 | ... |
| 9th² | ... | n/a | 13 October 1259 | ... | ... | n/a | 339 | ... |
| 10th² | ... | n/a | >30 April 1260 | ... | ... | n/a | 338 | b |
| 11th² | ... | n/a | 8 July 1260 | ... | ... | n/a | 337 | ... |
| 12th² | ... | n/a | 13 October 1260 | ... | ... | n/a | 336 | ... |
| 13th² | ... | n/a | c.23 February 1261 | ... | ... | n/a | 335 | b |
| 14th² | ... | n/a | 9 September 1263 | >18 September 1263 | 0-0-10+ | n/a | 334 | c |
| 15th² | ... | n/a | 13 October 1263 | ... | ... | n/a | 333 | ... |
| 16th | 4 June 1264 | n/a | 22 June 1264 | ... | ... | n/a | 332 | d |
| 17th De Montfort's Parliament De Montfort's Parliament was an English parliament of 1265, instigated by Simon de Montfort, a baronial rebel leader. Although this gathering did not have the approval of king Henry III, and the members convened without royal approval, most scholars believe this was the first gathering in England... |
14 December 1264 | 1264/65 | 20 January 1265 | 15 February 1265 | 0-0-27 | unknown | 331 | e |
| 18th² | ... | n/a | 14 September 1265 | ... | ... | n/a | 330 | ... |
| 19th² | ... | n/a | 9 February 1267 | ... | ... | n/a | 329 | ... |
| 20th² | ... | n/a | 13 October 1268 | ... | ... | n/a | 328 | ... |
| 21st² | ... | n/a | 24 June 1269 | ... | ... | n/a | 327 | ... |
| 22nd² | ... | n/a | c.13 October 1270 | ... | ... | n/a | 326 | b |
| 23rd² | ... | n/a | c.>29 September 1272 | ... | ... | n/a | 325 | b |
Notes:-
- ¹ The presiding officer of the House of CommonsHouse of Commons of EnglandThe House of Commons of England was the lower house of the Parliament of England from its development in the 14th century to the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain...
was initially known as the "Prolocutor" and sometimes as the Parlour, but the term most often used was "Speaker" and this became the title always used from the 1540s onwards. - ² No commoners were summoned.
- (a) 7th: This Parliament was at Oxford. It is sometimes known as the Mad ParliamentOxford Parliament (1258)The Oxford Parliament , also known as the "Mad Parliament" and the "First English Parliament", assembled during the reign of Henry III of England. It was established by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. The parlour or prolocutor was Peter de Montfort under the direction of Simon de Montfort...
. Knights of the shire (representing counties) were the only commoners summoned. They were not required to be chosen by election. The date writs de expenses were issued is assumed to be the date of dissolution. - (b) The exact date when the Parliament assembled is unknown.
- (c) The exact date when the Parliament was dissolved is unknown.
- (d) 16th: Knights of the shire were the only commoners summoned. They were not required to be chosen by election.
- (e) 17th: It is sometimes known as De Montfort's ParliamentDe Montfort's ParliamentDe Montfort's Parliament was an English parliament of 1265, instigated by Simon de Montfort, a baronial rebel leader. Although this gathering did not have the approval of king Henry III, and the members convened without royal approval, most scholars believe this was the first gathering in England...
. This is the first Parliament to which representatives of cities and boroughs were summoned, as well as knights of the shire. It is also the first Parliament to which the representatives were required to be chosen by election. The date writs de expenses were issued is assumed to be the date of dissolution.
- (a) 7th: This Parliament was at Oxford. It is sometimes known as the Mad Parliament
Parliaments of King Edward I
King Edward IEdward I of England
Edward I , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons...
reigned between 20 November 1272 – 7 July 1307.
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Presiding Officer¹ | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 16 February 1275 | 1275 | 25 April 1275 | ... | ... | unknown | 324 | a |
| 2nd | 1 September 1275 | 1275 | 13 October 1275 | 24 October 1275 | 0-0-12 | unknown | 323 | b |
| 3rd² | ... | n/a | c.3 May 1276 | ... | ... | n/a | 322 | c |
| 4th² | ... | n/a | >29 September 1276 | ... | ... | n/a | 321 | c |
| 5th² | ... | n/a | 1 May 1278 | ... | ... | n/a | 320 | ... |
| 6th² | ... | n/a | 8 July 1278 | ... | ... | n/a | 319 | ... |
| 7th² | ... | n/a | 29 September 1278 | ... | ... | n/a | 318 | ... |
| 8th² | ... | n/a | c.16 April 1279 | ... | ... | n/a | 317 | c |
| 9th² | ... | n/a | c.20 October 1279 | ... | ... | n/a | 316 | c |
| 10th² | ... | n/a | c.12 May 1280 | ... | ... | n/a | 315 | c |
| 11th² | ... | n/a | c.>29 September 1280 | ... | ... | n/a | 314 | c |
| 12th² | ... | n/a | c.11 May 1281 | ... | ... | n/a | 313 | c |
| 13th² | ... | n/a | c.>29 September 1281 | ... | ... | n/a | 312 | c |
| 14th² | ... | n/a | 4 May 1285 | ... | ... | n/a | 311 | ... |
| 15th² | ... | n/a | c.>14 April 1286 | ... | ... | n/a | 310 | c |
| 16th² | ... | n/a | c.24 April 1286 | ... | ... | n/a | 309 | c |
| 17th² | ... | n/a | >25 December 1289 | ... | ... | n/a | 308 | c |
| 18th² | ... | n/a | >13 January 1290 | ... | ... | n/a | 307 | c |
| 19th | 13 June 1290 | 1290 | 15 July 1290 | ... | ... | unknown | 306 | d |
| 20th | ... | 1290 | 27 October 1290 | ... | ... | unknown | 305 | ... |
| 21st | ... | 1290/91 | 7 January 1291 | ... | ... | unknown | 304 | ... |
| 22nd | ... | 1291/92 | 8 January 1292 | ... | ... | unknown | 303 | ... |
| 23rd² | ... | n/a | 2 June 1292 | ... | ... | n/a | 302 | e |
| 24th² | ... | n/a | 13 October 1292 | 17 November 1292 | 0-1-4 | n/a | 301 | e |
| 25th | ... | ?1293 | >29 March 1293 | ... | ... | unknown | 300 | c |
| 26th | ... | 1293 | 13 October 1293 | ... | ... | unknown | 299 | ... |
| 27th | ... | 1293 | >25 December 1293 | ... | ... | unknown | 298 | c |
| 28th² | 24 June 1295 | n/a | 1–4 August 1295 | ... | ... | n/a | 297 | c |
| 29th Model Parliament The Model Parliament is the term, attributed to Frederic William Maitland, used for the 1295 Parliament of England of King Edward I. This assembly included members of the clergy and the aristocracy, as well as representatives from the various counties and boroughs. Each county returned two knights,... |
30 September 1295+ | 1295 | 27 November 1295 | 4 December 1295 | 0-0-8 | unknown | 296 | f |
| 30th | 26 August 1296 | 1296 | 3 November 1296 | 29 November 1296 | 0-0-27 | unknown | 295 | g |
| 31st² | 26 January 1297 | n/a | 24 February 1297 | ... | ... | n/a | 294 | ... |
| 32nd² | ... | n/a | 8 July 1297 | ... | ... | n/a | 293 | ... |
| 33rd | 6 October 1297 | 1297 | 15 September 1297 | 14 October 1297 | 0-1-5 | unknown | 292 | h |
| 34th | 15 March 1298 | March 1298 | 30 March 1298 | ... | ... | unknown | 291 | i |
| 35th | 10 April 1298 | 1298 | 25 May 1298 | ... | ... | unknown | 290 | j |
| 36th² | 6 February 1299 | n/a | 8 March 1299 | ... | ... | n/a | 289 | ... |
| 37th² | 10 April 1299 | n/a | 3 May 1299 | ... | ... | n/a | 288 | ... |
| 38th² | 21 September 1299 | n/a | 18 October 1299 | ... | ... | n/a | 287 | ... |
| 39th | 29 December 1299 | 1299/00 | 6 March 1300 | 20 March 1300 | 0-0-15 | unknown | 286 | k |
| 40th | 26 September 1300 | 1300/01 | 20 January 1301 | 30 January 1301 | 0-0-8/11 | unknown | 285 | l |
| 41st² | 2 June 1302 | n/a | 1 July 1302 | ... | ... | n/a | 284 | ... |
| 42nd | 14 July 1302 | 1302 | 14 October 1302 | 21 October 1302 | 0-0-8 | unknown | 283 | m |
| 43rd | 12 November 1304 | 1304/05 | 28 February 1305 | 20 March 1305 | 0-0-21 | unknown | 282 | k |
| 44th² | 15 July 1305 | n/a | 15 September 1305 | ... | ... | n/a | 281 | ... |
| 45th | 5 April 1306 | 1306 | 30 May 1306 | 30 May 1306 | 0-0-1 | unknown | 280 | n |
| 46th | 3 November 1306 | 1306/07 | 20 January 1307 | 19 March 1307 | 0-1-27 | unknown | 279 | o |
Notes:-
- ¹ The presiding officer of the House of CommonsHouse of Commons of EnglandThe House of Commons of England was the lower house of the Parliament of England from its development in the 14th century to the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain...
was initially known as the "Prolocutor" and sometimes as the Parlour, but the term most often used was "Speaker" and this became the title always used from the 1540s onwards. - ² No commoners were summoned.
- (a) 1st: For the first time since 1264-65 the representatives of the communities of the Realm are known to have been summoned to Parliament.
- (b) 2nd: The knights of the shires only were summoned to this Parliament. Date of grant of supply is deemed to be the date of dissolution.
- (c) The exact date when the Parliament assembled is unknown.
- (d) 19th: Knights only summoned 13–14 June 1290. Assembled 23 April 1290 Lords and 15 July 1290 Commons. After this Parliament it became fairly usual for the representatives of the counties, cities and boroughs to be summoned to attend Parliament and from 1320 they were always included.
- (e) This Parliament included Scottish members.
- (f) 29th: Model ParliamentModel ParliamentThe Model Parliament is the term, attributed to Frederic William Maitland, used for the 1295 Parliament of England of King Edward I. This assembly included members of the clergy and the aristocracy, as well as representatives from the various counties and boroughs. Each county returned two knights,...
summoned 30 September, 1 and 3 October 1295. This is the traditional start of the regular participation of the Commons in Parliament. Date of grant of supply is deemed to be the date of dissolution. - (g) Date of grant of supply is deemed to be the date of dissolution.
- (h) 33rd: Summoned 30 September 1297 (peers) and 6 October 1297 (knights of the shire). Assembled 9 October 1297 Lords and 15 October 1297 Commons. Met in London. Date of grant of supply is deemed to be the date of dissolution.
- (i) 34th: Met in York.
- (j) 35th: Summoned 10, 11 and 13 April 1298.
- (k) Date of issue of Writs de expensis is deemed to be the date of dissolution.
- (l) 40th: Met in Lincoln. Dissolved 27–30 January 1301 (when writs de expensis were issued).
- (m) 42nd: Summoned 14, 20 and 24 July 1303. Met in London. Date of issue of Writs de expensis deemed to be the date of dissolution.
- (n) 45th: Assembled and dissolved 30 May 1306. Date of issue of Writs de expensps is deemed to be the date of dissolution.
- (o) 46th: Met in Carlisle. Deemed dissolved when writs de expensis were issued 20 January 1307 (burgesses only) and 19 March 1307 (knights only).
Parliaments of King Edward II
King Edward IIEdward II of England
Edward II , called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed by his wife Isabella in January 1327. He was the sixth Plantagenet king, in a line that began with the reign of Henry II...
reigned between 7 July 1307 - 20 January 1327.
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Presiding Officer¹ | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 26 August 1307 | 1307 | 13 October 1307 | 16 October 1307 | 0-0-4 | unknown | 278 | a |
| 2nd | 19 January 1308 | 1308 | 3 March 1308 | ... | ... | unknown | 277 | ... |
| 3rd² | 10 March 1308 | n/a | 28 April 1308 | ... | ... | n/a | 276 | ... |
| 4th² | 16 August 1308 | n/a | 20 October 1308 | ... | ... | n/a | 275 | ... |
| 5th | 4 March 1309 | 1309 | 27 April 1309 | 13 May 1309 | 0-0-17 | unknown | 274 | a |
| 6th² | 11 June 1309 | n/a | 27 July 1310 | ... | ... | n/a | 273 | ... |
| 7th² | 26 October 1309 | n/a | 8 February 1310 | 12 April 1310 | 0-2-4 | n/a | 272 | ... |
| 8th | 16 June 1311 | 1311 | 8 August 1311 | 18 December 1311 | 0-4-10 | unknown | 271 | b |
| 9th | 3 June 1312 | 1312 | 20 August 1312 | 16 December 1312 | 0-3-27 | unknown | 270 | a |
| 10th | 8 January 1313 | 1313 | 18 March 1313 | 9 May 1313 | 0-1-22 | unknown | 269 | a |
| 11th | 23 May 1313 | 1313 | 8 July 1313 | 27 July 1313 | 0-0-20 | unknown | 268 | a |
| 12th | 26 July 1313 | 1313 | 23 September 1313 | 15 November 1313 | 0-1-23 | unknown | 267 | a |
| 13th | 29 July 1314 | 1314 | 9 September 1314 | 27/28 September 1314 | 0-0-19/20 | unknown | 266 | a |
| 14th | 24 October 1314 | 1314/15 | 20 January 1315 | 9 March 1315 | 0-1-17 | unknown | 265 | a |
| 15th | 16 October 1315 | 1315/16 | 27 January 1316 | 20 February 1316 | 0-0-25 | unknown | 264 | c |
| 16th | 24–25 August 1318 | 1318 | 20 October 1318 | 9 December 1318 | 0-1-19 | unknown | 263 | a |
| 17th | 20 March 1319 | 1319 | 6 May 1319 | 25 May 1319 | 0-0-20 | unknown | 262 | a |
| 18th² | 6 November 1319 | n/a | 20 January 1320 | ... | ... | n/a | 261 | ... |
| 19th | 5 August 1320 | 1320 | 6 October 1320 | 25/26 October 1320 | 0-0-20/21 | unknown | 260 | a |
| 20th | 15 May 1321 | 1321 | 15 July 1321 | 22 August 1321 | 0-1-7 | unknown | 259 | a |
| 21st | 14 March 1322 | 1322 | 2 May 1322 | 19 May 1322 | 0-0-18 | unknown | 258 | a |
| 22nd | 18 September 1322 | 1322 | 14 November 1322 | 29 November 1322 | 0-0-16 | unknown | 257 | d |
| 23rd | 20 November 1323 | 1323/24 | 23 February 1324 | 18 March 1324 | 0-0-25 | unknown | 256 | a |
| 24th | 6 May 1325 | 1325 | 25 June 1325 | ... | ... | unknown | 255 | e |
| 25th | 10 October 1325 | 1325 | 18 November 1325 | 5 December 1325 | 0-0-18 | unknown | 254 | a |
| 26th | 28 October 1326 | 1326/27 | 7 January 1327 | ... | ... | William Trussell | 253 | f |
Notes:-
- ¹ The presiding officer of the House of CommonsHouse of Commons of EnglandThe House of Commons of England was the lower house of the Parliament of England from its development in the 14th century to the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain...
was initially known as the "Prolocutor" and sometimes as the Parlour, but the term most often used was "Speaker" and this became the title always used from the 1540s onwards. - ² No commoners were summoned.
- (a) The date writs de expenses were issued is assumed to be the date of dissolution.
- (b) 8th: Met in London. The date writs de expenses were issued is assumed to be the date of dissolution.
- (c) 15th: Met in Lincoln. The date writs de expenses were issued is assumed to be the date of dissolution.
- (d) 15th: Met in York. The date writs de expenses were issued is assumed to be the date of dissolution.
- (e) 24th: Only MPs for the Cinque PortsCinque PortsThe Confederation of Cinque Ports is a historic series of coastal towns in Kent and Sussex. It was originally formed for military and trade purposes, but is now entirely ceremonial. It lies at the eastern end of the English Channel, where the crossing to the continent is narrowest...
were summoned. Met in London. The date writs de expenses were issued is assumed to be the date of dissolution. - (f) 26th: This Parliament continued after the deposition of the King into the next reign. See 1st Parliament of King Edward III of EnglandEdward III of EnglandEdward III was King of England from 1327 until his death and is noted for his military success. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe...
for further details and duration.
Parliaments of King Edward III
King Edward IIIEdward III of England
Edward III was King of England from 1327 until his death and is noted for his military success. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe...
reigned between 25 January 1327 - 21 June 1377.
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Presiding Officer¹ | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | ... | ... | ... | 9 March 1327 | 0-2-2 | William Trussell | 253 | a |
| 2nd | 7 August 1327 | 1327 | 15 September 1327 | 23 September 1327 | 0-0-9 | William Trussell | 252 | b |
| 3rd | 10 December 1327 | 1327/28 | 7 February 1328 | 5 March 1328 | 0-0-28 | unknown | 251 | c |
| 4th | 5 March 1328 | 1328 | 24 April 1328 | 14 May 1328 | 0-0-21 | unknown | 250 | d |
| 5th | 28 August 1328 | 1328 | 16 October 1328 | 22 February 1329 | 0-4-6 | unknown | 249 | e |
| 6th | 25 January 1330 | 1330 | 11 March 1330 | 21 March 1330 | 0-0-11 | unknown | 248 | d |
| 7th | 23 October 1330 | 1330 | 26 November 1330 | 9 December 1330 | 0-0-14 | unknown | 247 | f |
| 8th | 16 July 1331 | 1331 | 30 September 1331 | 9 October 1331 | 0-0-10 | unknown | 246 | b |
| 9th | 27 January 1332 | 1332 | 16 March 1332 | 21 March 1332 | 0-0-6 | Henry de Beaumont Henry de Beaumont Henry de Beaumont, jure uxoris 4th Earl of Buchan and suo jure 1st Baron Beaumont was a key figure in the Anglo-Scots wars of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, known as the Wars of Scottish Independence.-Life:... |
245 | g |
| 10th | 20 July 1332 | 1332 | 9 September 1332 | 12 September 1332 | 0-0-4 | Sir Geoffrey le Scrope Geoffrey le Scrope Sir Geoffrey le Scrope was an English lawyer, and Chief Justice of the King's Bench for four periods between 1324 and 1338. He was the son of Sir William le Scrope, who was bailiff to the earl of Richmond in Richmondshire... |
244 | b |
| 11th | 20 October 1332 | 1332 | 4 December 1332 | 27 January 1333 | 0-1-23 | unknown | 243 | ... |
| 12th | 2 January 1334 | 1334 | 21 February 1334 | 2 March 1334 | 0-0-10 | unknown | 242 | b |
| 13th | 24 July 1334 | 1334 | 19 September 1334 | 23 September 1334 | 0-0-5 | unknown | 241 | d |
| 14th | 1 April 1335 | 1335 | 26 May 1335 | 3 June 1335 | 0-0-9 | unknown | 240 | b |
| 15th | 22 January 1336 | 1336 | 11 March 1336 | 20 March 1336 | 0-0-10 | unknown | 239 | d |
| 16th | 29 November 1336 | 1336/37 | 3 March 1337 | c.16 March 1337 | 0-0-14 | unknown | 238 | ... |
| 17th | 20 December 1337 | 1337/38 | 3 February 1338 | 14 February 1338 | 0-0-12 | unknown | 237 | h |
| 18th | 15 November 1338 | 1338/39 | 3 February 1339 | 17 February 1339 | 0-0-15 | unknown | 236 | b |
| 19th | 25 August 1339 | 1339 | 13 October 1339 | c.3 November 1339 | 0-0-22 | unknown | 235 | i |
| 20th | 16 November 1339 | 1339/40 | 20 January 1340 | 19 February 1340 | 0-0-31 | William Trussell | 234 | ... |
| 21st | 21 February 1340 | 1340 | 29 March 1340 | 10 May 1340 | 0-1-11 | William Trussell | 233 | b |
| 22nd | 30 May 1340 | 1340 | 12 July 1340 | 26 July 1340 | 0-0-15 | William Trussell | 232 | b |
| 23rd | 3 March 1341 | 1341 | 23 April 1341 | 27–28 May 1341 | 0-1-4/5 | unknown | 231 | b |
| 24th | 24 February 1343 | 1343 | 28 April 1343 | 20 May 1343 | 0-0-23 | William Trussell | 230 | b |
| 25th | 20 April 1344 | 1344 | 7 June 1344 | 28 June 1344 | 0-0-22 | unknown | 229 | b |
| 26th | 30 July 1346 | 1346 | 11 September 1346 | 20 September 1346 | 0-0-10 | unknown | 228 | b |
| 27th | 13 November 1347 | 1347/48 | 14 January 1348 | 12 February 1348 | 0-0-30 | William de Thorpe William de Thorpe Sir William de Thorpe was an English lawyer, and Chief Justice of the King's Bench from November 26, 1346 to October 26, 1350. As a clerk of this court he was assaulted on one occasion in 1318, when his enemies allegedly even urinated on him... |
227 | b |
| 28th | 14 February 1348 | 1348 | 31 March 1348 | 13 April 1348 | 0-0-14 | William de Thorpe William de Thorpe Sir William de Thorpe was an English lawyer, and Chief Justice of the King's Bench from November 26, 1346 to October 26, 1350. As a clerk of this court he was assaulted on one occasion in 1318, when his enemies allegedly even urinated on him... |
226 | b |
| 29th | 25 November 1350 | 1350/51 | 9 February 1351 | 1 March 1351 | 0-0-21 | William de Shareshull William de Shareshull Sir William de Shareshull was an English lawyer, and Chief Justice of the King's Bench from 26 October 1350 to 5 July 1361.Shareshull came from relatively humble Staffordshire origins, rising to great prominence under the administration of Edward III of England; he was responsible for the 1351... |
225 | b |
| 30th | 15 November 1351 | 1351/52 | 13 January 1352 | 11 February 1352 | 0-0-30 | William de Shareshull William de Shareshull Sir William de Shareshull was an English lawyer, and Chief Justice of the King's Bench from 26 October 1350 to 5 July 1361.Shareshull came from relatively humble Staffordshire origins, rising to great prominence under the administration of Edward III of England; he was responsible for the 1351... |
224 | b |
| 31st | 15 March 1354 | 1354 | 28 April 1354 | 20 May 1354 | 0-0-23 | unknown | 223 | b |
| 32nd | 20 September 1355 | 1355 | 23 November 1355 | 30 November 1355 | 0-0-8 | unknown | 222 | b |
| 33rd | 15 February 1357 | 1357 | 17 April 1357 | 8–16 May 1357 | 0-0-22/30 | unknown | 221 | b |
| 34th | 15 December 1357 | 1357/58 | 5 February 1358 | 27 February 1358 | 0-0-23 | unknown | 220 | b |
| 35th | 3 April 1360 | 1360 | 15 May 1360 | ... | ... | unknown | 219 | ... |
| 36th | 20 November 1360 | 1360/61 | 24 January 1361 | 18 February 1361 | 0-0-26 | unknown | 218 | b |
| 37th | 14 August 1362 | 1362 | 13 October 1362 | 17 November 1362 | 0-1-4 | Sir Henry Green Henry Green (justice) Sir Henry Green was an English lawyer, and Chief Justice of the King's Bench from May 24, 1361 to October 29, 1365. He probably came from Northamptonshire. Early in his career he served both Queen Isabella and Edward the Black Prince. He was made justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1354, and... |
217 | b |
| 38th | 1 June 1363 | 1363 | 6 October 1363 | 30 October 1363 | 0-0-25 | unknown | 216 | b |
| 39th | 4 December 1364 | 1364/65 | 20 January 1365 | 17 February 1365 | 0-0-28 | unknown | 215 | ... |
| 40th | 20 January 1366 | 1366 | 4 May 1366 | 11 May 1366 | 0-0-8 | unknown | 214 | ... |
| 41st | 24 February 1368 | 1368 | 1 May 1368 | 21 May 1368 | 0-0-21 | unknown | 213 | ... |
| 42nd | 6 April 1369 | 1369 | 3 June 1369 | 11 June 1369 | 0-0-9 | unknown | 212 | b |
| 43rd | 8 January 1371 | 1371 | 24 February 1371 | 29 March 1371 | 0-1-5 | unknown | 211 | b |
| 44th | 1 September 1372 | 1372 | 3 November 1372 | 24 November 1372 | 0-0-22 | unknown | 210 | b |
| 45th | 4 October 1373 | 1373 | 21 November 1373 | 10 December 1373 | 0-0-20 | unknown | 209 | b |
| 46th Good Parliament The Good Parliament is the name traditionally given to the English Parliament of 1376. Sitting in London from April 28 to July 10, it was the longest Parliament up until that time.... |
28 December 1375 | 1375/76 | 28 April 1376 | 10 July 1376 | 0-2-13 | Sir Peter de la Mare Peter de la Mare Sir Peter de la Mare was an English politician and Presiding Officer of the House of Commons during the Good Parliament of 1376.... |
208 | j |
| 47th Bad Parliament The Bad Parliament sat in England between 27 January and 2 March 1377. Influenced by Prince John of Gaunt, it undid the work done by the Good Parliament to reduce corruption in the Royal Council. It also introduced a poll tax which was a contributing factor to the Peasants' Revolt in 1381.... |
1 December 1376 | 1376/77 | 27 January 1377 | 2 March 1377 | 0-1-3 | Sir Thomas Hungerford² | 207 | k |
Notes:-
- ¹ The presiding officer of the House of Commons was initially known as the "Prolocutor" and sometimes as the Parlour, but the term most often used was "Speaker" and this became the title always used from the 1540s onwards.
- ² Hungerford was the first presiding officer of the CommonsHouse of Commons of EnglandThe House of Commons of England was the lower house of the Parliament of England from its development in the 14th century to the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain...
to be recorded as having the title of Speaker.- (a) 1st: Continued from the last reign. Date of issue of writs de expensis deemed to be date of dissolution.
- (b) Date of issue of writs de expensis deemed to be date of dissolution.
- (c) Met at Lincoln. Date of issue of writs de expensis deemed to be date of dissolution.
- (d) Met at York. Date of issue of writs de expensis deemed to be date of dissolution.
- (e) 5th: May have met at New Sarum (now more commonly called Salisbury), York or Northampton, as it is uncertain which meeting was of this Parliament and which were gatherings of lesser status. Date of issue of writs de expensis deemed to be date of dissolution.
- (f) Met at New Sarum (now more commonly called Salisbury). Date of issue of writs de expensis deemed to be date of dissolution.
- (g) Met at Winchester. Date of issue of writs de expensis deemed to be date of dissolution.
- (h) Met at Northampton. Date of issue of writs de expensis deemed to be date of dissolution.
- (i) Met at Northampton.
- (j) 46th: Known as the Good ParliamentGood ParliamentThe Good Parliament is the name traditionally given to the English Parliament of 1376. Sitting in London from April 28 to July 10, it was the longest Parliament up until that time....
. - (k) 47th: Known as the Bad ParliamentBad ParliamentThe Bad Parliament sat in England between 27 January and 2 March 1377. Influenced by Prince John of Gaunt, it undid the work done by the Good Parliament to reduce corruption in the Royal Council. It also introduced a poll tax which was a contributing factor to the Peasants' Revolt in 1381....
. Date of issue of writs de expensis deemed to be date of dissolution.
Parliaments of King Richard II
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 4 August 1377 | 1377 | 13 October 1377 | 5 December 1377 | ... | Sir Peter de la Mare Peter de la Mare Sir Peter de la Mare was an English politician and Presiding Officer of the House of Commons during the Good Parliament of 1376.... |
206 | ... |
| 2nd | 3 September 1378 | 1378 | 20 October 1378 | 16 November 1378 | ... | Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1378 and again from 1382 to 1383... |
205 | ... |
| 3rd | 16 February 1379 | 1379 | 24 April 1379 | 27 May 1379 | ... | unknown | 204 | ... |
| 4th | 20 October 1379 | 1379/80 | 16 January 1380 | 3 March 1380 | ... | Sir John Guildesborough John Guildesborough John Guildesborough or Gildesburgh was Knight of the Shire for Essex and Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1380.... |
203 | ... |
| 5th | 26 August 1380 | 1380 | 5 November 1380 | 6 December 1380 | ... | Sir John Guildesborough John Guildesborough John Guildesborough or Gildesburgh was Knight of the Shire for Essex and Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1380.... |
202 | ... |
| 6th | 16 July 1381 | 1381 | 3 November 1381 | 25 February 1382 | ... | Sir Richard Waldegrave Richard Waldegrave (d. 1402) Sir Richard Waldegrave was a Member of Parliament for Suffolk and Speaker of the House of Commons during the reign of King Richard II.-Life:... |
201 | ... |
| 7th | 24 March 1382 | 1382 | 7 May 1382 | 22 May 1382 | ... | Sir Richard Waldegrave Richard Waldegrave (d. 1402) Sir Richard Waldegrave was a Member of Parliament for Suffolk and Speaker of the House of Commons during the reign of King Richard II.-Life:... |
200 | ... |
| 8th | 9 August 1382 | 1382 | 6 October 1382 | 24 October 1382 | ... | Sir Richard Waldegrave Richard Waldegrave (d. 1402) Sir Richard Waldegrave was a Member of Parliament for Suffolk and Speaker of the House of Commons during the reign of King Richard II.-Life:... |
199 | ... |
| 9th | 7 January 1383 | 1383 | 23 February 1383 | 10 March 1383 | ... | Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1378 and again from 1382 to 1383... |
198 | ... |
| 10th | 20 August 1383 | 1383 | 26 October 1383 | 26 November 1383 | ... | Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1378 and again from 1382 to 1383... |
197 | ... |
| 11th | 3 March 1384 | 1384 | 29 April 1384 | 27 May 1384 | ... | Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1378 and again from 1382 to 1383... |
196 | ... |
| 12th | 28 September 1384 | 1384 | 12 November 1384 | 14 December 1384 | ... | Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1378 and again from 1382 to 1383... |
195 | ... |
| 13th | 3 September 1385 | 1385 | 20 October 1385 | 6 December 1385 | ... | Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1378 and again from 1382 to 1383... |
194 | ... |
| 14th Wonderful Parliament The term Wonderful Parliament refers to an English Parliamentary session of November 1386 which pressed for reforms of Richard II's administration.- Auditing the King :... |
8 August 1386 | 1386 | 1 October 1386 | 28 November 1386 | ... | Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1378 and again from 1382 to 1383... |
193 | a |
| 15th Merciless Parliament The Merciless Parliament, a term coined by Augustinian chronicler Henry Knighton, refers to the English parliamentary session of February through June 1388, at which many members of Richard II's Court were convicted of treason. The session was preceded by a period in which Richard's power was... |
17 December 1387 | 1387/88 | 3 February 1388 | 4 June 1388 | ... | Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1378 and again from 1382 to 1383... |
192 | b |
| 16th | 28 July 1388 | 1388 | 9 September 1388 | 17 October 1388 | ... | Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1378 and again from 1382 to 1383... |
191 | ... |
| 17th | 6 December 1389 | 1389/90 | 17 January 1390 | 2 March 1390 | ... | Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1378 and again from 1382 to 1383... |
190 | ... |
| 18th | 12 September 1390 | 1390 | 12 November 1390 | 3 December 1390 | ... | Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering Sir James Pickering was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1378 and again from 1382 to 1383... |
189 | ... |
| 19th | 7 September 1391 | 1391 | 3 November 1391 | 2 December 1391 | ... | unknown | 188 | ... |
| 20th | 23 November 1392 | 1392/93 | 20 January 1393 | 10 February 1393 | ... | unknown | 187 | ... |
| 21st | 13 November 1393 | 1393/94 | 27 January 1394 | 6 March 1394 | ... | Sir John Bussy John Bussy Sir John Bussy of Hougham in Lincolnshire was a Member of Parliament representing Lincolnshire or Rutland eleven times from 1383 to 1398 as a Knight of the Shire and was also Speaker of the House of Commons at the three Parliaments between 1393 and 1398... |
186 | ... |
| 22nd | 20 November 1394 | 1394/95 | 27 January 1395 | 15 February 1395 | ... | Sir John Bussy John Bussy Sir John Bussy of Hougham in Lincolnshire was a Member of Parliament representing Lincolnshire or Rutland eleven times from 1383 to 1398 as a Knight of the Shire and was also Speaker of the House of Commons at the three Parliaments between 1393 and 1398... |
185 | ... |
| 23rd | 30 November 1396 | 1396/97 | 22 January 1397 | 12 February 1397 | ... | Sir John Bussy John Bussy Sir John Bussy of Hougham in Lincolnshire was a Member of Parliament representing Lincolnshire or Rutland eleven times from 1383 to 1398 as a Knight of the Shire and was also Speaker of the House of Commons at the three Parliaments between 1393 and 1398... |
184 | ... |
| 24th | 18 July 1397 | 1397 | 17 September 1397 | 31 January 1398 | ... | Sir John Bussy John Bussy Sir John Bussy of Hougham in Lincolnshire was a Member of Parliament representing Lincolnshire or Rutland eleven times from 1383 to 1398 as a Knight of the Shire and was also Speaker of the House of Commons at the three Parliaments between 1393 and 1398... |
183 | ... |
| 25th | 19 August 1399 | 1389 | 30 September 1399 | 30 September 1399 | ... | unknown | 182 | ... |
Note:-
- (a) 14th: Known as the Wonderful ParliamentWonderful ParliamentThe term Wonderful Parliament refers to an English Parliamentary session of November 1386 which pressed for reforms of Richard II's administration.- Auditing the King :...
. - (b) 15th: Known as the Merciless ParliamentMerciless ParliamentThe Merciless Parliament, a term coined by Augustinian chronicler Henry Knighton, refers to the English parliamentary session of February through June 1388, at which many members of Richard II's Court were convicted of treason. The session was preceded by a period in which Richard's power was...
.
Parliaments of King Henry IV
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 30 September 1399 | 1399 | 6 October 1399 | 19 November 1399 | 0-1-13 | Sir John Cheney John Cheyne (Speaker of the House) Sir John Cheyne or Cheney was a Member of Parliament and briefly the initial Speaker of the House of Commons of England in the Parliament of October 1399, summoned by the newly-acclaimed Henry IV.... |
181 | a |
| John Doreward John Doreward -Early life:Outside the affairs of parliament, little is known of Doreward. He was apparently the son of William Doreward of Bocking, Essex who was a member of parliament for Essex in the eighteenth and twentieth parliaments of Edward III... |
||||||||
| 2nd | 9 September 1400 | 1400/01 | 20 January 1401 | 10 March 1401 | 0-1-18 | Sir Arnold Savage Arnold Savage Sir Arnold Savage of Bobbing Court, Kent was the English Speaker of the House of Commons from 1400 to 1402 and then again from 1403 to 1404 and a Knight of the Shire of Kent who was referred to as "the great comprehensive symbol of the English people"... |
180 | |
| 3rd | 19 June 1402 | 1402 | 30 September 1402 | 25 November 1402 | 0-1-26 | Sir Henry Redford Henry Redford Sir Henry Redford was a Knight of the Shire, Sheriff of Lincolnshire and the Speaker of the House of Commons.In 1384 he served on a number of royal commissions and was knighted.... |
179 | |
| 4th | 20 October 1403 | 1403/04 | 14 January 1404 | 20 March 1404 | 0-2-6 | Sir Arnold Savage Arnold Savage Sir Arnold Savage of Bobbing Court, Kent was the English Speaker of the House of Commons from 1400 to 1402 and then again from 1403 to 1404 and a Knight of the Shire of Kent who was referred to as "the great comprehensive symbol of the English people"... |
178 | |
| 5th | 25 August 1404 | 1404 | 6 October 1404 | 13 November 1404 | 0-1-7 | Sir William Esturmy William Esturmy Sir William Esturmy or Sturmy was hereditary Warden of Savernake Forest, a Knight of the Shire and Speaker of the House of Commons.... |
177 | |
| 6th | 21 December 1405 | 1405/06 | 1 March 1406 | 22 December 1406 | 0-9-21 | Sir John Tiptoft John Tiptoft, 1st Baron Tiptoft Sir John Tiptoft, 1st Baron Tiptoft was a Knight of the Shire for Huntingdonshire and Somerset, Speaker of the House of Commons, Treasurer of the Household, Chief Butler of England, Treasurer of the Exchequer and Seneschal of Landes and Aquitaine.-Early life:This English nobleman was the eldest... |
176 | |
| 7th | 26 August 1407 | 1407 | 20 October 1407 | 2 December 1407 | 0-1-12 | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
175 | |
| 8th | 26 October 1409 | 1409/10 | 27 January 1410 | 9 May 1410 | 0-3-12 | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
174 | |
| 9th | 21 September 1411 | 1411 | 3 November 1411 | 19 December 1411 | 0-1-16 | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
173 | |
| 10th | 1 December 1412 | 1412/13 | 3 February 1413 | 20 March 1413 | 0-1-17 | unknown | 172 |
Note:-
- (a) 1st: Known as a Convention Parliament.
Parliaments of King Henry V
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 22 March 1413 | 1413 | 14 May 1413 | 9 June 1413 | 0-0-27 | William Stourton William Stourton (speaker) William Stourton was a Speaker of the House of Commons of England from May 1413 to June 1413 when he represented the constituency of Dorset.He was born the son and heir of John Stourton of Stourton, Wiltshire.... |
171 | |
| John Doreward John Doreward -Early life:Outside the affairs of parliament, little is known of Doreward. He was apparently the son of William Doreward of Bocking, Essex who was a member of parliament for Essex in the eighteenth and twentieth parliaments of Edward III... |
||||||||
| 2nd Fire and Faggot Parliament The Fire and Faggot Parliament was an English Parliament held in 1414 during the reign of Henry V.It was held in Grey Friars Priory in Leicester, and the Speaker was Walter Hungerford.... |
1 December 1413 | 1413/14 | 30 April 1414 | 29 May 1414 | 0-0-30 | Sir Walter Hungerford Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford KG was an English knight, landowner, from 1400 to 1414 Member of the House of Commons, of which he became Speaker, then was an Admiral and peer.... |
170 | a |
| 3rd | 26 September 1414 | 1414 | 19 November 1414 | ... | ... | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
169 | |
| 4th | 12 August 1415 | 1415 | 4 November 1415 | 12 November 1415 | 0-0-9 | Sir Richard Redman Richard Redman (Speaker) Sir Richard Redman was a British soldier, administrator and politician, being elected as a Member of Parliament representing Yorkshire and later acting as the Speaker of the House of Commons for the Parliament of 1415.... |
168 | b |
| 5th | 21 January 1416 | 1416 | 16 March 1416 | May 1416 | ... | Sir Walter Beauchamp Walter Beauchamp Sir Walter Beauchamp was Speaker of the House of Commons of England between March and May 1416.He was probably the second son of Sir John Beauchamp of Powick, Worcestershire. He entered into the service of Henry IV and became an esquire in the royal household... |
167 | |
| 6th | 3 September 1416 | 1416 | 19 October 1416 | 18 November 1416 | 0-0-31 | Roger Flower Roger Flower Roger Flower or Flore was an English politician, 12 times MP for Rutland and four times Speaker of the House of Commons.-Life:... |
166 | |
| 7th | 5 October 1417 | 1417 | 16 November 1417 | 17 December 1417 | 0-1-1 | Roger Flower Roger Flower Roger Flower or Flore was an English politician, 12 times MP for Rutland and four times Speaker of the House of Commons.-Life:... |
165 | |
| 8th | 24 August 1419 | 1419 | 16 October 1419 | 13 November 1419 | 0-0-29 | Roger Flower Roger Flower Roger Flower or Flore was an English politician, 12 times MP for Rutland and four times Speaker of the House of Commons.-Life:... |
164 | |
| 9th | 21 October 1420 | 1420 | 2 December 1420 | ... | ... | Roger Hunt Roger Hunt (speaker) Roger Hunt was an English MP and Speaker of the House of Commons.He was of obscure origins, but acquired the manor of Molesworth in Huntingdonshire and acquired a circle on influential friends such as Sir John Tiptoft and John Mowbray, the future Duke of Norfolk... |
163 | |
| 10th | 26 February 1421 | 1421 | 2 May 1421 | ... | ... | Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer Thomas Chaucer was the Speaker of the English House of Commons and son of Geoffrey Chaucer and Philippa Roet.-Life:... |
162 | |
| 11th | 20 October 1421 | 1421 | 1 December 1421 | ... | ... | Richard Baynard Richard Baynard Richard Baynard was an English administrator, MP and Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1421.He was born the fourth son and heir of Thomas Baynard of Messing, Essex.... |
161 |
Note:-
- (a) Known as the Fire and Faggot ParliamentFire and Faggot ParliamentThe Fire and Faggot Parliament was an English Parliament held in 1414 during the reign of Henry V.It was held in Grey Friars Priory in Leicester, and the Speaker was Walter Hungerford....
. - (b) Known as the Parliament of 1415.
Parliaments of King Henry VI
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 29 September 1422 | 1422 | 9 November 1422 | 18 December 1422 | Roger Flower Roger Flower Roger Flower or Flore was an English politician, 12 times MP for Rutland and four times Speaker of the House of Commons.-Life:... |
160 | ||
| 2nd | 1 September 1423 | 1423 | 20 October 1423 | 28 February 1424 | Sir John Russell Sir John Russell Sir John Wriothesley Russell, , British diplomat, Ambassador. He was educated at Eton College, Berkshire, England, graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1935 with a Bachelor of Arts , He was part of the British Embassy in Moscow in 1941 and in 1956, also with a M.A. degree, getting... |
159 | ||
| 3rd | 24 February 1425 | 1425 | 30 April 1425 | 14 July 1425 | Sir Thomas Walton Thomas Walton Sir Thomas Walton was an English MP and Speaker of the House of Commons.He was born the son of John de Walton of Great Staughton, Huntingdonshire, who was a previous MP for Huntingdonshire.... |
158 | ||
| 4th Parliament of Bats The Parliament of Bats was a Parliament of England that was held in 1426 in Leicester. Meetings took place in the great hall of Leicester Castle. The King at the time, Henry VI was an infant, and the session saw him knighted in St Mary de Castro Church across the road from the Castle Great Hall... |
7 January 1426 | 1426 | 18 February 1426 | 1 June 1426 | Sir Richard Vernon | 157 | a | |
| 5th | 15 July 1427 | 1427 | 13 October 1427 | 25 March 1428 | Sir John Tyrrell John Tyrell Sir John Tyrrell possessed the manor of Heron , Essex, was Knight of the Shire for that county, and Speaker of the House of Commons.... |
156 | ||
| 6th | 12 July 1429 | 1429 | 22 September 1429 | 23 February 1430 | William Alington William Alington Sir William Alington, Knt. , lord of the manor of both Bottisham and Horseheath, Cambridgeshire, was Speaker of the House of Commons of England, Treasurer of The Exchequer, and High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire.... |
155 | ||
| 7th | 27 November 1430 | 1430/31 | 12 January 1431 | 20 March 1431 | Sir John Tyrrell John Tyrell Sir John Tyrrell possessed the manor of Heron , Essex, was Knight of the Shire for that county, and Speaker of the House of Commons.... |
154 | ||
| 8th | 25 February 1432 | 1432 | 12 May 1432 | 17 July 1432 | Sir John Russell Sir John Russell Sir John Wriothesley Russell, , British diplomat, Ambassador. He was educated at Eton College, Berkshire, England, graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1935 with a Bachelor of Arts , He was part of the British Embassy in Moscow in 1941 and in 1956, also with a M.A. degree, getting... |
153 | ||
| 9th | 24 May 1433 | 1433 | 8 July 1433 | >c.18 December 1433 | Roger Hunt Roger Hunt (speaker) Roger Hunt was an English MP and Speaker of the House of Commons.He was of obscure origins, but acquired the manor of Molesworth in Huntingdonshire and acquired a circle on influential friends such as Sir John Tiptoft and John Mowbray, the future Duke of Norfolk... |
152 | ||
| 10th | 5 July 1435 | 1435 | 10 October 1435 | 23 December 1435 | John Bowes John Bowes (speaker) John Bowes was Speaker of the House of Commons of England between October 1435 and December 1435.He was from Cortlingstoke, Nottinghamshire and trained as a lawyer.... |
151 | ||
| 11th | 29 October 1436 | 1436/37 | 21 January 1437 | 27 March 1437 | Sir John Tyrrell John Tyrell Sir John Tyrrell possessed the manor of Heron , Essex, was Knight of the Shire for that county, and Speaker of the House of Commons.... |
150 | ||
| William Burley William Burley William Burley was MP for Shropshire nineteen times and Speaker of the House of Commons of England.He was the eldest son of John Burley of Broncroft in Corvedale, who was himself six times MP for Shropshire.... |
||||||||
| 12th | 26 September 1439 | 1439 | 12 November 1439 | c.15–24 February 1440 | William Tresham William Tresham Sir William Tresham JP was an English lawyer and Speaker of the House of Commons. Born in Northamptonshire, the son of Thomas Tresham of Sywell, he went on to become a major landowner in the region... |
149 | ||
| 13th | 3 December 1441 | 1441/42 | 25 January 1442 | 27 March 1442 | William Tresham William Tresham Sir William Tresham JP was an English lawyer and Speaker of the House of Commons. Born in Northamptonshire, the son of Thomas Tresham of Sywell, he went on to become a major landowner in the region... |
148 | ||
| 14th | 13 January 1445 | 1445 | 25 February 1445 | 9 April 1445 | William Burley William Burley William Burley was MP for Shropshire nineteen times and Speaker of the House of Commons of England.He was the eldest son of John Burley of Broncroft in Corvedale, who was himself six times MP for Shropshire.... |
147 | ||
| 15th | 14 December 1446 | 1446/47 | 10 February 1447 | 3 March 1447 | William Tresham William Tresham Sir William Tresham JP was an English lawyer and Speaker of the House of Commons. Born in Northamptonshire, the son of Thomas Tresham of Sywell, he went on to become a major landowner in the region... |
146 | ||
| 16th | 2 January 1449 | 1449 | 12 February 1449 | 16 July 1449 | Sir John Say John Say Sir John Say, Kt. was an English courtier, MP and Speaker of the House of Commons.-Life:He was the son of John Say, born before 1445, and his wife Maud... |
145 | ||
| 17th | 23 September 1449 | 1449 | 6 November 1449 | c.5–8 June 1450 | Sir John Popham | 144 | ||
| William Tresham William Tresham Sir William Tresham JP was an English lawyer and Speaker of the House of Commons. Born in Northamptonshire, the son of Thomas Tresham of Sywell, he went on to become a major landowner in the region... |
||||||||
| 18th | 5 September 1450 | 1450 | 6 November 1450 | c.24–31 May 1451 | Sir Willian Oldhall | 143 | ||
| 19th | 20 January 1453 | 1453 | 6 March 1453 | c.16–21 April 1454 | Thomas Thorpe Thomas Thorpe Thomas Thorpe was an English publisher, most famous for publishing Shakespeare's sonnets and several works by Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson. His publication of the sonnets has long been controversial... |
142 | ||
| Sir Thomas Charlton | ||||||||
| 20th | 26 May 1455 | 1455 | 9 July 1455 | 12 March 1456 | Sir John Wenlock | 141 | ||
| 21st Parliament of Devils The Parliament of Devils was a session of the Parliament of England, held at Coventry. It was the 21st Parliament summoned in the reign of King Henry VI of England.The Parliament was summoned on 9 October 1459 for a first meeting on 20 November 1459.... |
9 October 1459 | 1459 | 20 November 1459 | 20 December 1459 | Sir Thomas Tresham Thomas Tresham (speaker) Sir Thomas Tresham was a British politician, soldier and administrator. He was the son of Sir William Tresham and his wife Isabel de Vaux, and much of Thomas's early advancement was due to his father's influence... |
140 | b | |
| 22nd | 30 July 1460 | 1460 | 7 October 1460 | c.4 March 1461 | John Green John Green (speaker) John Green was Speaker of the House of Commons of England in October 1460.He was the son of John Green of Widdington, Essex and was trained as a lawyer in Gray's Inn.... |
139 | ||
| 23rd | 15 October 1470 | 1470 | 26 November 1470 | c. 11 April 1471 | 0-4-16 | unknown | 135 | c |
Note:-
- (a) 4th: Known as the Parliament of BatsParliament of BatsThe Parliament of Bats was a Parliament of England that was held in 1426 in Leicester. Meetings took place in the great hall of Leicester Castle. The King at the time, Henry VI was an infant, and the session saw him knighted in St Mary de Castro Church across the road from the Castle Great Hall...
. - (b) 21st: Known as the Parliament of DevilsParliament of DevilsThe Parliament of Devils was a session of the Parliament of England, held at Coventry. It was the 21st Parliament summoned in the reign of King Henry VI of England.The Parliament was summoned on 9 October 1459 for a first meeting on 20 November 1459....
. - (c) 23rd: This Parliament was held during a period when King Henry VIHenry VI of EnglandHenry VI was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. Until 1437, his realm was governed by regents. Contemporaneous accounts described him as peaceful and pious, not suited for the violent dynastic civil wars, known as the Wars...
was restored to the throne. It ended when King Edward IVEdward IV of EnglandEdward IV was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death. He was the first Yorkist King of England...
deposed Henry for the second time.
Parliaments of King Edward IV
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Presiding Officer¹ | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 23 May 1461 | 1461 | 4 November 1461 | 6 May 1462 | 0-6-2 | James Strangeways James Strangeways James Strangeways was Speaker of the House of Commons of England between 1461–1462.-Life:He was the son of Sir James Strangeways of Whorlton, Yorkshire by his wife Joan, daughter of Nicholas Orrell.A Yorkist, he fought at the 1st battle of St Albans in 1455, Blore Heath in 1459, Wakefield in... |
138 | ... |
| 2nd | 22 December 1462 | 1462/63 | 29 April 1463 | 28 March 1465 | 1-10-28 | John Say John Say Sir John Say, Kt. was an English courtier, MP and Speaker of the House of Commons.-Life:He was the son of John Say, born before 1445, and his wife Maud... |
137 | ... |
| 3rd | 28 February 1467 | 1467 | 3 June 1467 | 7 June 1468 | 1-0-4 | John Say John Say Sir John Say, Kt. was an English courtier, MP and Speaker of the House of Commons.-Life:He was the son of John Say, born before 1445, and his wife Maud... |
136 | ... |
| 4th | 19 August 1472 | 1472 | 6 October 1472 | 14 March 1475 | 2-5-8 | William Alington William Alington Sir William Alington, Knt. , lord of the manor of both Bottisham and Horseheath, Cambridgeshire, was Speaker of the House of Commons of England, Treasurer of The Exchequer, and High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire.... |
134 | ... |
| 5th | 20 November 1477 | 1477/78 | 16 January 1478 | 26 February 1478 | 0-1-10 | William Alington William Alington Sir William Alington, Knt. , lord of the manor of both Bottisham and Horseheath, Cambridgeshire, was Speaker of the House of Commons of England, Treasurer of The Exchequer, and High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire.... |
133 | ... |
| 6th | 15 November 1482 | 1482/83 | 20 January 1483 | 18 February 1483 | 0-0-30 | John Wood John Wood (speaker) Sir John Wood was Speaker of the House of Commons of England between January 1483 and February 1483.He was probably born in Suddex, the son of another John Wood.... |
132 | ... |
Parliament of King Richard III
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Presiding Officer¹ | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 9 December 1483 | 1483/84 | 23 January 1484 | 20 February 1484 | 0-0-29 | William Catesby William Catesby William Catesby, esq. was one of Richard III of England's principal councillors. He also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer and Speaker of the House of Commons during Richard's reign.... |
131 | ... |
Parliaments of King Henry VII
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Presiding Officer¹ | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 15 September 1485 | 1485 | 7 November 1485 | c. 4 March 1486 | 0-3-24 | Thomas Lovell Thomas Lovell Sir Thomas Lovell was an English soldier and administrator, Speaker of the House of Commons and Secretary to the Treasury.-Early life:... |
130 | ... |
| 2nd | ... | 1487 | 9 November 1487 | c. 18 December 1487 | 0-1-9 | John Mordaunt | 129 | ... |
| 3rd | ... | ?1488/89 | 13 January 1489 | 27 February 1490 | 0-11-14 | Thomas fitzWilliam Thomas Fitzwilliam Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam was Speaker of the House of Commons of England between 1489–1490.He was born into a Lincolnshire gentry family, the son of Thomas Fitzwilliam of Mablethorpe and educated at the Inner Temple.... |
128 | ... |
| 4th | 12 August 1491 | 1491 | 17 October 1491 | 5 March 1492 | 0-4-16 | Richard Empson Richard Empson Sir Richard Empson , minister of Henry VII, King of England, was a son of Peter Empson, an influential inhabitant of Towcester.... |
127 | ... |
| 5th | 15 September 1495 | 1495 | 14 October 1495 | 21–22 December 1495 | 0-2-7/8 | Robert Drury | 126 | ... |
| 6th | 20 November 1496 | 1496/97 | 16 January 1497 | 13 March 1497 | 0-1-25 | Thomas Englefield Thomas Englefield Sir Thomas Englefield was Speaker of the House of Commons.He was born to John Englefield, probably in Englefield in Berkshire around 1455, whose family had been Lords of the Manor there for many generations... |
125 | ... |
| 7th | ... | ?1503/04 | 25 January 1504 | c. 1 April 1504 | 0-2-7 | Edmund Dudley Edmund Dudley Edmund Dudley was an English administrator and a financial agent of King Henry VII. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons and President of the King's Council. After the accession of Henry VIII, he was imprisoned in the Tower of London and executed the next year on a treason charge... |
124 | ... |
Parliaments of King Henry VIII
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Presiding Officer¹ | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 17 October 1509 | 1509/10 | 21 January 1510 | 23 February 1510 | 0-1-2 | Thomas Englefield Thomas Englefield Sir Thomas Englefield was Speaker of the House of Commons.He was born to John Englefield, probably in Englefield in Berkshire around 1455, whose family had been Lords of the Manor there for many generations... |
123 | ... |
| 2nd | 28 November 1511 | 1511/12 | 4 February 1512 | 4 March 1514 | 2-1-0 | Robert Sheffield Robert Sheffield Robert Sheffield was an English lawyer and politician, Speaker of the House of Commons between 1512-1513.-Life:He was son of Sir Robert Sheffield, by Genette, daughter and coheiress of Alexander Lownde of Butterwick, Lincolnshire. He was a commander at the battle of Stoke, and was knighted after... |
122 | ... |
| 3rd | 23 November 1514 | 1514/15 | 5 February 1515 | 22 December 1515 | 0-10-17 | Thomas Neville | 121 | ... |
| 4th | ... | 1523 | 15 April 1523 | 13 August 1523 | 0-3-29 | Thomas More Thomas More Sir Thomas More , also known by Catholics as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was an important councillor to Henry VIII of England and, for three years toward the end of his life, Lord Chancellor... |
120 | ... |
| 5th | 9 August 1529 | 1529 | 3 November 1529 | 14 April 1536 | 6-5-11 | Thomas Audley Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden, KG, PC, KS , Lord Chancellor of England, born in Earls Colne, Essex, the son of Geoffrey Audley, is believed to have studied at Buckingham College, Cambridge... |
119 | a |
| Humphrey Wingfield Humphrey Wingfield Humphrey Wingfield was an English lawyer, Speaker of the House of Commons of England between 1533 and 1536.-Early life:He was the twelfth son of Sir John Wingfield of Letheringham, Suffolk, by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John FitzLewis of West Horndon, Essex; Sir Richard Wingfield and Sir Robert... |
||||||||
| Richard Rich Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich Sir Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich , was Lord Chancellor during the reign of King Edward VI of England. He was the founder of Felsted School with its associated alms houses in Essex in 1564.... |
||||||||
| 6th | 27 April 1536 | 1536 | 8 June 1536 | 18 July 1536 | 0-1-10 | Richard Rich Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich Sir Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich , was Lord Chancellor during the reign of King Edward VI of England. He was the founder of Felsted School with its associated alms houses in Essex in 1564.... |
118 | ... |
| 7th | 1 March 1539 | 1539 | 28 April 1539 | 24 July 1540 | 1-2-26 | Nicholas Hare Nicholas Hare Sir Nicholas Hare of Bruisyard, Suffolk was Speaker of the House of Commons of England between 1539-1540.He was born the eldest son of John Hare of Homersfield, Suffolk, educated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and admitted to the Inner Temple in 1515... |
117 | ... |
| 8th | 23 November 1541 | 1541/42 | 16 January 1542 | 28 March 1544 | 2-2-12 | Thomas Moyle Thomas Moyle Sir Thomas Moyle was a commissioner for Henry VIII in the dissolution of the monasteries, and speaker of the House of Commons in the Parliament of England from 1542 to 1544.-Life:... |
116 | ... |
| 9th | 1 December 1544 | 1544/45 | 23 November 1545 | 31 January 1547 | 1-2-8 | Thomas Moyle Thomas Moyle Sir Thomas Moyle was a commissioner for Henry VIII in the dissolution of the monasteries, and speaker of the House of Commons in the Parliament of England from 1542 to 1544.-Life:... |
115 | ... |
Note:-
- (a) 5th: Known as the Reformation Parliament.
Parliaments of King Edward VI
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2 August 1547 | 1547 | 4 November 1547 | 15 April 1552 | 4-5-11 | Sir John Baker John Baker (English statesman) Sir John Baker was an English politician, and served as a Chancellor of the Exchequer, having previously been Speaker of the House of Commons of England.-Early life:... |
114 | ... |
| 2nd | 5 January 1553 | 1553 | 1 March 1553 | 31 March 1553 | 0-1-0 | James Dyer James Dyer Sir James Dyer was a judge and Speaker of the House of Commons during the reign of Edward VI of England.Dyer was knighted at Whitehall on 9 April 1553, Strand Inn, preparatory 1520s, Middle Temple abt. 1530, called to the bar 1537?, bencher 1540s, serjeant-at-law 17 Oct... |
113 | ... |
Parliaments of Queen Mary I
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 14 August 1553 | 1553 | 5 October 1553 | 5 December 1553 | 0-2-0 | Sir John Pollard John Pollard (speaker) Sir John Pollard was a Speaker of the English House of Commons. He became Speaker in 1553 and he was knighted only a few weeks before his death.-Life:... |
112 | ... |
| 2nd | 17 February 1554 | 1554 | 2 April 1554 | 3 May 1554 | 0-1-1 | Robert Brooke Robert Brooke Colonel Sir Robert Brooke , Lieutenant-Colonel in the army of Bengal and Governor of the island of St Helena from 1788 to 1800.He married in 1775, Anna Maria Mapletoft, daughter of Reverend Robert Mapletoft, Assistant Chaplain to the East India Company at St John's, Calcutta; they had five sons and... |
111 | ... |
| 3rd | 3 October 1554 | 1554 | 12 November 1554 | 16 January 1555 | 0-2-4 | Clement Higham Clement Higham Sir Clement Higham, Knight, of Barrow Hall, Suffolk, , was a Member of Parliament, Speaker of the House of Commons , Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and a Privy Councillor to Queen Mary... |
110 | ... |
| 4th | 3 September 1555 | 1555 | 21 October 1555 | 9 December 1555 | 0-1-18 | Sir John Pollard John Pollard (speaker) Sir John Pollard was a Speaker of the English House of Commons. He became Speaker in 1553 and he was knighted only a few weeks before his death.-Life:... |
109 | ... |
| 5th | 6 December 1557 | 1557/58 | 20 January 1558 | 17 November 1558 | 0-10-28 | William Cordell William Cordell Sir William Cordell was Solicitor General and Master of the Rolls during the reign of Queen Mary I and Speaker of the House of Commons during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.... |
108 | ... |
Parliaments of Queen Elizabeth I
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 5 December 1558 | 1558/59 | 23 January 1559 | 8 May 1559 | 0-3-15 | Thomas Gargrave Thomas Gargrave Sir Thomas Gargrave was a Yorkshire Knight who served as High Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1565 and 1569. His principal residence was at Nostell Priory, one of many grants of land that Gargrave secured during his lifetime... |
107 | ... |
| 2nd | 10 November 1562 | 1562/63 | 11 January 1563 | 2 January 1567 | 3-11-21 | Thomas Williams Thomas Williams (speaker) Thomas Williams was a Speaker of the English House of Commons. He was a lawyer and a member of the Inner Temple, sat as MP for Exeter during the first and second Parliaments of Elizabeth I and was elected Speaker on 12 January 1563 and remained so until his unexpected death in 1566... |
106 | ... |
| Richard Onslow Richard Onslow (Solicitor General) Richard Onslow was a 16th century English lawyer who served as Solicitor General and Speaker of the House of Commons.... |
||||||||
| 3rd | ... | 1571 | 2 April 1571 | 29 May 1571 | 0-1-27 | Christopher Wray Christopher Wray Sir Christopher Wray was an English judge and Chief Justice of the King’s Bench.-Early life and career:Wray, the third son of Thomas Wray, seneschal in 1535 of Coverham Abbey, Yorkshire, by Joan, daughter of Robert Jackson of Gatenby, Bedale, in the same county, was born at Bedale in 1524... |
105 | ... |
| 4th | 28 March 1572 | 1572 | 8 May 1572 | 19 April 1583 | 10-11-11 | Robert Bell | 104 | ... |
| John Popham | ||||||||
| 5th | 12 October 1584 | 1584 | 23 November 1584 | 14 September 1585 | 0-8-22 | John Puckering John Puckering Sir John Puckering was a lawyer, politician, Speaker of the English House of Commons, and Lord Keeper from 1592 until his death... |
103 | ... |
| 6th | 15 September 1586 | 1586 | 15 October 1586 | 23 March 1587 | 0-5-8 | John Puckering John Puckering Sir John Puckering was a lawyer, politician, Speaker of the English House of Commons, and Lord Keeper from 1592 until his death... |
102 | ... |
| 7th | 18 September 1588 | 1588/89 | 4 February 1589 | 29 March 1589 | 0-1-25 | Thomas Snagge Thomas Snagge Sir Thomas Snagge was an M.P., lawyer and wealthy landowner who served as Speaker of the English House of Commons, Attorney General for Ireland and as the Queen's Sergeant.-Life:... |
101 | ... |
| 8th | 4 January 1593 | 1593 | 18 February 1593 | 10 April 1593 | 0-1-22 | Edward Coke Edward Coke Sir Edward Coke SL PC was an English barrister, judge and politician considered to be the greatest jurist of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras. Born into a middle class family, Coke was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge before leaving to study at the Inner Temple, where he was called to the... |
100 | ... |
| 9th | 23 August 1597 | 1597 | 24 October 1597 | 9 February 1598 | 0-3-16 | Christopher Yelverton Christopher Yelverton Sir Christopher Yelverton was an English judge and speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:He was the third son of William Yelverton of Rougham, Norfolk... |
99 | ... |
| 10th | 11 September 1601 | 1601 | 27 October 1601 | 19 December 1601 | 0-1-22 | John Croke John Croke Sir John Croke was Speaker of the English House of Commons between October–December 1601. He was a lawyer and judge by profession, and was Recorder of London... |
98 | ... |
Parliaments of King James I
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 31 January 1604 | 1604 | 19 March 1604 | 9 February 1611 | 6-10-21 | Edward Phelips Edward Phelips Sir Edward Phelips was an English lawyer and politician, the Speaker of the English House of Commons from 1604 until 1611, and subsequently Master of the Rolls from 1611 until his death in 1614. He was an elected MP from 1584, and in 1588, following a successful career as a lawyer, he commissioned... |
97 | ... |
| 2nd Addled Parliament The Addled Parliament was the second Parliament of England of the reign of James I of England , which sat between 5 April and 7 June 1614... |
... | ?1614 | 5 April 1614 | 7 June 1614 | 0-2-2 | Randolph Crewe | 96 | Addled Parliament Addled Parliament The Addled Parliament was the second Parliament of England of the reign of James I of England , which sat between 5 April and 7 June 1614... |
| 3rd | 13 November 1620 | 1620/21 | 16 January 1621 | 8 February 1622 | 1-0-23 | Thomas Richardson Thomas Richardson (judge) Sir Thomas Richardson was successively Speaker of the House of Commons, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and Chief Justice of the King’s Bench.-Origins and early career:... |
95 | ... |
| 4th Happy Parliament The Happy Parliament was the fourth and last Parliament of England of the reign of King James I, sitting from 19 February 1624 to 24 May 1624 and then from 2 November 1624 to 16 February 1625... |
20 December 1623 | 1623/24 | 12 February 1624 | 27 March 1625 | 1-1-15 | Thomas Crewe Thomas Crewe Sir Thomas Crewe , of Stene in Northamptonshire, was an English Member of Parliament and lawyer, and served as Speaker of the House of Commons from 1623 to 1625.... |
94 | Happy Parliament Happy Parliament The Happy Parliament was the fourth and last Parliament of England of the reign of King James I, sitting from 19 February 1624 to 24 May 1624 and then from 2 November 1624 to 16 February 1625... |
Parliaments of King Charles I
The Long Parliament, which commenced in this reign, had the longest term and the most complex history of any English Parliament. The entry in the first table below relates to the whole Parliament. Although it rebelled against King Charles ICharles I of England
Charles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
and continued to exist long after the King's death, it was a Parliament he originally summoned. An attempt has been made to set out the different phases of the Parliament in the second table in this section and in subsequent sections. The phases are indicated by a letter in the -Plt column (in the case of these phases they all share the same -Plt number, which is used in the first table of this section, so the column is available to set out the letter for the phases moving forward from 1640) and are explained in a note.
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Useless Parliament The Useless Parliament was the first Parliament of England of the reign of King Charles I, sitting only from June until August 1625. It gained its name because it transacted no significant business, making it 'useless' from the king's point of view... |
2 April 1625 | 1625 | 17 May 1625 | 12 August 1625 | 0-2-26 | Thomas Crewe Thomas Crewe Sir Thomas Crewe , of Stene in Northamptonshire, was an English Member of Parliament and lawyer, and served as Speaker of the House of Commons from 1623 to 1625.... |
93 | Useless Parliament Useless Parliament The Useless Parliament was the first Parliament of England of the reign of King Charles I, sitting only from June until August 1625. It gained its name because it transacted no significant business, making it 'useless' from the king's point of view... |
| 2nd | 20 December 1625 | 1626 | 6 February 1626 | 15 June 1626 | 0-4-9 | Heneage Finch Heneage Finch (Speaker) Sir Heneage Finch was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1607 and 1626. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons in 1626.... |
92 | ... |
| 3rd | 31 January 1628 | 1628 | 17 March 1628 | 10 March 1629 | 0-11-21 | John Finch John Finch John Finch, 1st Baron Finch was an English judge, and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1629. He was Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
91 | ... |
| 4th Short Parliament The Short Parliament was a Parliament of England that sat from 13 April to 5 May 1640 during the reign of King Charles I of England, so called because it lasted only three weeks.... |
20 February 1640 | 1640 | 13 April 1640 | 5 May 1640 | 0-0-22 | John Glanville John Glanville Sir John Glanville the younger , of Broad Hinton in Wiltshire, was a Speaker of the English House of Commons during the Short Parliament.... |
90 | Short Parliament Short Parliament The Short Parliament was a Parliament of England that sat from 13 April to 5 May 1640 during the reign of King Charles I of England, so called because it lasted only three weeks.... |
| 5th Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... |
24 September 1640 | 1640 | 3 November 1640 | 16 March 1660 | 19-5-13 | William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
89 | Long Parliament Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... (a) |
| Henry Pelham Henry Pelham (Speaker) Henry Pelham was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1648. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons.Pelham was the son of Sir William Pelham , of Brocklesby, Lincolnshire... |
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| William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
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| William Say William Say William Say was an English Member of Parliament and one of the regicides of King Charles I.Say was educated at University College, Oxford and the Middle Temple before being called to the Bar in 1631... (Deputy) |
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| William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
Note:-
- (a) Speakers of the Long ParliamentLong ParliamentThe Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and...
(including times when it sat as the Rump ParliamentRump ParliamentThe Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason....
): Lenthall 3 November 1640-26 July 1647; Pelham 30 July 1647-5 August 1647; Lenthall 6 August 1647-20 April 1653 (restored to the Chair by the Army and sat until Oliver CromwellOliver CromwellOliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader who overthrew the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican Commonwealth, and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland....
dissolved the Rump Parliament) and 26 December 1653-13 January 1660 (when the Rump was restored); Say 13 January 1660-21 January 1660 and Lenthall 21 January 1660-16 March 1660.
The Long Parliament (Royalist phases)
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5th Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... |
24 September 1640 | 1640 | 3 November 1640 | 21 August 1642 | ... | William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
a | Long Parliament Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... |
| 5th Oxford Parliament (1644) The Oxford Parliament was the Parliament assembled by King Charles I for the first time 22 January 1644 and adjourned for the last time on 10 March 1645, with the purpose of instrumenting the Royalist war campaign.Charles was advised by Edward Hyde and others not to dissolve the Long Parliament as... |
... | ... | 22 January 1644 | 10 March 1645 | ... | unknown | c | King's Oxford Parliament Oxford Parliament (1644) The Oxford Parliament was the Parliament assembled by King Charles I for the first time 22 January 1644 and adjourned for the last time on 10 March 1645, with the purpose of instrumenting the Royalist war campaign.Charles was advised by Edward Hyde and others not to dissolve the Long Parliament as... |
Note:-
- (a) Phase 'a' of the Long ParliamentLong ParliamentThe Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and...
was when it functioned as a conventional Parliament, requiring the assent of King Charles ICharles I of EnglandCharles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
to legislation. An unusual feature was that a law was enacted providing that this Parliament could not be lawfully dissolved without its own consent. This phase ended when the King raised his standard (22 August 1642) and commenced the English Civil WarEnglish Civil WarThe English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...
. The day before this event is the date inserted in the Dissolved column. - (b) Phase 'c' of the Long Parliament was the King's Oxford ParliamentOxford Parliament (1644)The Oxford Parliament was the Parliament assembled by King Charles I for the first time 22 January 1644 and adjourned for the last time on 10 March 1645, with the purpose of instrumenting the Royalist war campaign.Charles was advised by Edward Hyde and others not to dissolve the Long Parliament as...
. The King was unable to lawfully dissolve the Long Parliament, without its consent, so he summoned the members to meet at OxfordOxfordThe city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
. Royalists and those interested in trying to settle the Civil War by compromise attended the meetings, which were in opposition to the revolutionary body (phase 'b' of the Long Parliament, see below) sitting concurrently at WestminsterPalace of WestminsterThe Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace, is the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom—the House of Lords and the House of Commons...
. The date of the first meeting is given in the Assembled column and of the last sitting in the Dissolved column.
Parliaments of the Revolution and CommonwealthCommonwealth of EnglandThe Commonwealth of England was the republic which ruled first England, and then Ireland and Scotland from 1649 to 1660. Between 1653–1659 it was known as the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland...
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... |
... | ... | 22 August 1642 | 5 December 1648 | ... | William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
b | Long Parliament Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... (a) |
| Henry Pelham Henry Pelham (Speaker) Henry Pelham was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1648. He was Speaker of the English House of Commons.Pelham was the son of Sir William Pelham , of Brocklesby, Lincolnshire... |
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| William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
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| 1st Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason.... |
... | ... | 6 December 1648 | 20 April 1653 | ... | William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
d | Rump Parliament Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason.... (b) |
| 2nd Barebones Parliament Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector... |
20 June 1653 | n/a | 4 July 1653 | 12 December 1653 | 0-5-08 | Francis Rous Francis Rous Francis Rous or Rouse was an English politician and a prominent Puritan. He was also Provost of Eton, and wrote several theological and devotional works.-Early life:... |
88 | Barebones Parliament Barebones Parliament Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector... (c) |
Note:-
- (a) This was phase 'b' of the Long Parliament, when it functioned as a revolutionary Parliament, after the start of the English Civil WarEnglish Civil WarThe English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...
. Parliament assumed the power to legislate by Ordinance, without needing Royal assent. This phase ended with Pride's PurgePride's PurgePride’s Purge is an event in December 1648, during the Second English Civil War, when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the Long Parliament all those who were not supporters of the Grandees in the New Model Army and the Independents...
, which converted the Long Parliament into the Rump ParliamentRump ParliamentThe Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason....
. In 1644 the King summoned the Long Parliament to meet at OxfordOxfordThe city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
. Those members who responded constituted the King's Oxford ParliamentOxford Parliament (1644)The Oxford Parliament was the Parliament assembled by King Charles I for the first time 22 January 1644 and adjourned for the last time on 10 March 1645, with the purpose of instrumenting the Royalist war campaign.Charles was advised by Edward Hyde and others not to dissolve the Long Parliament as...
(phase c of the Parliament, see the previous section), in opposition to the revolutionary Parliament which continued to sit at the Palace of WestminsterPalace of WestminsterThe Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace, is the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom—the House of Lords and the House of Commons...
. The date in the Assembled column is the day when King Charles ICharles I of EnglandCharles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
raised his standard and commenced the English Civil WarEnglish Civil WarThe English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...
. The date in the Dissolved column is the day before Pride's PurgePride's PurgePride’s Purge is an event in December 1648, during the Second English Civil War, when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the Long Parliament all those who were not supporters of the Grandees in the New Model Army and the Independents...
, when the full Long Parliament last met (until the Purge was reversed on 21 February 1660). - (b) This was phase 'd' of the Long Parliament, known as the Rump ParliamentRump ParliamentThe Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason....
. During this period the Army only permitted selected members to continue to participate. The House of LordsHouse of LordsThe House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....
was abolished (6 February 1649) as was the monarchy (7 February 1649). Thereafter the Rump of the House of CommonsHouse of Commons of EnglandThe House of Commons of England was the lower house of the Parliament of England from its development in the 14th century to the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain...
was the only remaining element of Parliament. It legislated the Commonwealth of EnglandCommonwealth of EnglandThe Commonwealth of England was the republic which ruled first England, and then Ireland and Scotland from 1649 to 1660. Between 1653–1659 it was known as the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland...
into existence on 19 May 1649. The date of Pride's Purge is given in the Assembled column and the date when Oliver CromwellOliver CromwellOliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader who overthrew the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican Commonwealth, and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland....
dissolved the Rump by force is in the Dissolved column. - (c) The Little or Barebones ParliamentBarebones ParliamentBarebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector...
was an appointed body.
Parliaments of the Protectorate
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st First Protectorate Parliament The First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government. It sat for one term from 3 September 1654 until 22 January 1655 with William Lenthall as the Speaker of the House.... |
1 June 1654 | 1654 | 3 September 1654 | 22 January 1655 | 0-4-19 | William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
87 | First Prot. Plt First Protectorate Parliament The First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government. It sat for one term from 3 September 1654 until 22 January 1655 with William Lenthall as the Speaker of the House.... |
| 2nd Second Protectorate Parliament The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons... |
10 July 1656 | 1656 | 17 September 1656 | 4 February 1658 | 1-4-18 | Thomas Widdrington Thomas Widdrington Sir Thomas Widdrington SL was an English politician and judge of the 17th century.He and his brother Ralph were of a junior branch of an ancient Northumbrian family and were distantly related to William Widdrington, 1st Baron Widdrington... |
86 | Second Prot. Plt Second Protectorate Parliament The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons... |
| Bulstrode Whitelocke Bulstrode Whitelocke Sir Bulstrode Whitelocke was an English lawyer, writer, parliamentarian and Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England.- Biography :... |
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| 3rd Third Protectorate Parliament The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session, from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfylde as the Speakers of the House of Commons... |
9 December 1658 | 1658/59 | 27 January 1659 | 22 April 1659 | 0-2-26 | Chaloner Chute Chaloner Chute Chaloner Chute was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1654 and 1659. He was Speaker briefly in 1659.... |
85 | Third Prot. Plt Third Protectorate Parliament The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session, from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfylde as the Speakers of the House of Commons... |
| Lislebone Long Lislebone Long Sir Lislebone Long , baptised Loveban, was born at Beckington, Somerset, the son of William Long of Stratton on the Fosse and Mary Lovibond... (Deputy) |
||||||||
| Thomas Bampfylde |
These parliaments included representatives of Scotland and Ireland.
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4th Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason.... |
... | ... | 7 May 1659 | 13 October 1659 | ... | William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
e | Rump Plt (restored) Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason.... (a) |
Note:-
- (a) This was phase 'e' of the Long ParliamentLong ParliamentThe Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and...
. The Army restored the Rump Parliament, to liquidate the Protectorate and re-establish the Commonwealth regime.
Parliaments of the CommonwealthCommonwealth of EnglandThe Commonwealth of England was the republic which ruled first England, and then Ireland and Scotland from 1649 to 1660. Between 1653–1659 it was known as the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland...
| No. | Summoned | Elected | Assembled | Dissolved | Duration | Speaker | -Plt | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason.... |
... | ... | 26 December 1659 | 20 February 1660 | ... | William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
f | Rump Parliament Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason.... (a) |
| William Say William Say William Say was an English Member of Parliament and one of the regicides of King Charles I.Say was educated at University College, Oxford and the Middle Temple before being called to the Bar in 1631... (Deputy) |
||||||||
| William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
||||||||
| 1st Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... |
... | ... | 21 February 1660 | 16 March 1660 | ... | William Lenthall William Lenthall William Lenthall was an English politician of the Civil War period. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons.-Early life:... |
g | Long Parliament Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... (b) |
| 2nd | 16 March 1660 | 1660 | 25 April 1660 | 29 December 1660 | 0-8-4 | Harbottle Grimston | 84 | Convention Parliament (c) |
Note:-
- (a) This was phase 'f' of the Long ParliamentLong ParliamentThe Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and...
, with the Rump Parliament running the restored Commonwealth regime. - (b) This was phase 'g' of the Long Parliament. Pride's PurgePride's PurgePride’s Purge is an event in December 1648, during the Second English Civil War, when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the Long Parliament all those who were not supporters of the Grandees in the New Model Army and the Independents...
was reversed and the full Long Parliament made arrangements for a Convention Parliament and then dissolved itself. - (c) This was a Convention Parliament which restoredEnglish RestorationThe Restoration of the English monarchy began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Interregnum that followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms...
the monarchy by recognising King Charles IICharles II of EnglandCharles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father, King Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War...
as the rightful King.
List of Parliaments: 1660 back to 1364
Preliminary note: The English civil year started on 25 March until 1752 (Scotland having changed to 1 January in 1600). The years used in this article have been converted to the new style where necessary. It should be noted that old style dates would be a year earlier than the new style for days between 1 January and 24 March. No attempt has been made to compensate for the eleven days which did not occur in September 1752 in both England and Scotland, when the day after 2 September was 14 September), so as to bring the dating in Great Britain and its associated territories fully into line with the Gregorian calendarGregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter...
.
Parliaments 1504-1660
| No | NP | Summoned | Opened | Dismissed | Duration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 84 | CP/6 | 16 March 1660 | 25 April 1660 | 29 December 1660 | 0-8-4 | a,b |
| 89d | CP/5b Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... |
... | 21 February 1660 | 16 March 1660 | (0-0-24) | c |
| 89c | CP/5a Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason.... |
... | 7 May 1659 | 20 February 1660 | (0-9-13) | d |
| 85 | CP/4 Third Protectorate Parliament The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session, from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfylde as the Speakers of the House of Commons... |
9 December 1658 | 27 January 1659 | 22 April 1659 | 0-2-26 | e |
| 86 | CP/3 Second Protectorate Parliament The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons... |
10 July 1656 | 17 September 1656 | 4 February 1658 | 1-4-18 | f |
| 87 | CP/2 First Protectorate Parliament The First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government. It sat for one term from 3 September 1654 until 22 January 1655 with William Lenthall as the Speaker of the House.... |
1 June 1654 | 3 September 1654 | 22 January 1655 | 0-4-19 | g |
| 88 | CP/1 Barebones Parliament Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector... |
20 June 1653 | 4 July 1653 | 12 December 1653 | 0-5-08 | h |
| 89b | KC1/5b Oxford Parliament (1644) The Oxford Parliament was the Parliament assembled by King Charles I for the first time 22 January 1644 and adjourned for the last time on 10 March 1645, with the purpose of instrumenting the Royalist war campaign.Charles was advised by Edward Hyde and others not to dissolve the Long Parliament as... |
... | 22 January 1644 | 8 October 1644 | (0-8-16) | i,j |
| 89a | KC1/5a Long Parliament The Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and... |
24 September 1640 | 3 November 1640 | 20 April 1653 | (12-5-17) | k |
| 90 | KC1/4 Short Parliament The Short Parliament was a Parliament of England that sat from 13 April to 5 May 1640 during the reign of King Charles I of England, so called because it lasted only three weeks.... |
20 February 1640 | 13 April 1640 | 5 May 1640 | 0-0-22 | ... |
| 91 | KC1/3 | 31 January 1628 | 17 March 1628 | 10 March 1629 | 0-11-21 | ... |
| 92 | KC1/2 | 20 December 1625 | 6 February 1626 | 15 June 1626 | 0-4-9 | ... |
| 93 | KC1/1 | 2 April 1625 | 17 May 1625 | 12 August 1625 | 0-2-26 | ... |
| 94 | KJ1/4 | 20 December 1623 | 12 February 1624 | 27 March 1625 | 1-1-15 | l |
| 95 | KJ1/3 | 13 November 1620 | 16 January 1621 | 8 February 1622 | 1-0-23 | ... |
| 96 | KJ1/2 Addled Parliament The Addled Parliament was the second Parliament of England of the reign of James I of England , which sat between 5 April and 7 June 1614... |
... | 5 April 1614 | 7 June 1614 | 0-2-2 | ... |
| 97 | KJ1/1 | 31 January 1604 | 19 March 1604 | 9 February 1611 | 6-10-21 | ... |
| 98 | QE1/10 | 11 September 1601 | 27 October 1601 | 19 December 1601 | 0-1-22 | m |
| 99 | QE1/9 | 23 August 1597 | 24 October 1597 | 9 February 1598 | 0-3-16 | ... |
| 100 | QE1/8 | 4 January 1593 | 18 February 1593 | 10 April 1593 | 0-1-22 | ... |
| 101 | QE1/7 | 18 September 1588 | 4 February 1589 | 29 March 1589 | 0-1-25 | ... |
| 102 | QE1/6 | 15 September 1586 | 15 October 1586 | 23 March 1587 | 0-5-8 | ... |
| 103 | QE1/5 | 12 October 1584 | 23 November 1584 | 14 September 1585 | 0-8-22 | ... |
| 104 | QE1/4 | 28 March 1572 | 8 May 1572 | 19 April 1583 | 10-11-11 | ... |
| 105 | QE1/3 | ... | 2 April 1571 | 29 May 1571 | 0-1-27 | ... |
| 106 | QE1/2 | 10 November 1562 | 11 January 1563 | 2 January 1567 | 3-11-21 | ... |
| 107 | QE1/1 | 5 December 1558 | 23 January 1559 | 8 May 1559 | 0-3-15 | ... |
| 108 | QM1/5 | 6 December 1557 | 20 January 1558 | 17 November 1558 | 0-10-28 | n |
| 109 | QM1/4 | 3 September 1555 | 21 October 1555 | 9 December 1555 | 0-1-18 | ... |
| 110 | QM1/3 | 3 October 1554 | 12 November 1554 | 16 January 1555 | 0-2-4 | ... |
| 111 | QM1/2 | 17 February 1554 | 2 April 1554 | 3 May 1554 | 0-1-1 | ... |
| 112 | QM1/1 | 14 August 1553 | 5 October 1553 | 5 December 1553 | 0-2-0 | ... |
| 113 | KE6/2 | 5 January 1553 | 1 March 1553 | 31 March 1553 | 0-1-0 | o |
| 114 | KE6/1 | 2 August 1547 | 4 November 1547 | 15 April 1552 | 4-5-11 | ... |
| 115 | KH8/9 | 1 December 1544 | 23 November 1545 | 31 January 1547 | 1-2-8 | p |
| 116 | KH8/8 | 23 November 1541 | 16 January 1542 | 28 March 1544 | 2-2-12 | ... |
| 117 | KH8/7 | 1 March 1539 | 28 April 1539 | 24 July 1540 | 1-2-26 | ... |
| 118 | KH8/6 | 27 April 1536 | 8 June 1536 | 18 July 1536 | 0-1-10 | ... |
| 119 | KH8/5 | 9 August 1529 | 3 November 1529 | 14 April 1536 | 6-5-11 | ... |
| 120 | KH8/4 | ... | 15 April 1523 | 13 August 1523 | 0-3-29 | ... |
| 121 | KH8/3 | 23 November 1514 | 5 February 1515 | 22 December 1515 | 0-10-17 | ... |
| 122 | KH8/2 | 28 November 1511 | 4 February 1512 | 4 March 1514 | 2-1-0 | ... |
| 123 | KH8/1 | 17 October 1509 | 21 January 1510 | 23 February 1510 | 0-1-2 | ... |
| 124 | KH7/7 | ... | 25 January 1504 | c. 1 April 1504 | 0-2-7 | q |
Notes: -
- (a) CP - Parliament summoned by the CommonwealthCommonwealth of EnglandThe Commonwealth of England was the republic which ruled first England, and then Ireland and Scotland from 1649 to 1660. Between 1653–1659 it was known as the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland...
or ProtectorateThe ProtectorateIn British history, the Protectorate was the period 1653–1659 during which the Commonwealth of England was governed by a Lord Protector.-Background:...
regimes. - (b) This was the Convention Parliament, which restored the monarchy by recognising King Charles II of EnglandCharles II of EnglandCharles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father, King Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War...
as the lawful sovereign. - (c) This was the last phase of the Long ParliamentLong ParliamentThe Long Parliament was made on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through an Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members, and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and...
, between the reversal of Pride's PurgePride's PurgePride’s Purge is an event in December 1648, during the Second English Civil War, when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the Long Parliament all those who were not supporters of the Grandees in the New Model Army and the Independents...
and the final dissolution of the Parliament. - (d) This was a phase of the Long Parliament, between the restoration of the RumpRump ParliamentThe Rump Parliament is the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on 6 December 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason....
and the reversal of Pride's Purge. On 13 October 1659 it ceased to be a Protectorate legislature. From 26 December 1659 it functioned as a Commonwealth legislature. - (e) This was the Third Protectorate ParliamentThird Protectorate ParliamentThe Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session, from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfylde as the Speakers of the House of Commons...
. - (f) This was the Second Protectorate ParliamentSecond Protectorate ParliamentThe Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons...
. - (g) This was the First Protectorate ParliamentFirst Protectorate ParliamentThe First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government. It sat for one term from 3 September 1654 until 22 January 1655 with William Lenthall as the Speaker of the House....
. - (h) This was the Little or Barebones ParliamentBarebones ParliamentBarebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector...
, an appointed assembly not an elected Parliament. - (i) KC1 - Parliament summoned by King Charles I of EnglandCharles I of EnglandCharles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
. - (j) This was the King's Oxford ParliamentOxford Parliament (1644)The Oxford Parliament was the Parliament assembled by King Charles I for the first time 22 January 1644 and adjourned for the last time on 10 March 1645, with the purpose of instrumenting the Royalist war campaign.Charles was advised by Edward Hyde and others not to dissolve the Long Parliament as...
, held at OxfordOxfordThe city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
in opposition to the Long Parliament sitting at WestminsterPalace of WestminsterThe Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace, is the meeting place of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom—the House of Lords and the House of Commons...
. It consisted of Royalist members of the Long Parliament. - (k) This was the first phase of the Long Parliament. Under legislation enacted before the English Civil WarEnglish Civil WarThe English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...
this Parliament could not lawfully be dissolved without its consent. This phase of the Parliament was ended when Oliver CromwellOliver CromwellOliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader who overthrew the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican Commonwealth, and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland....
and his troops prevented the Parliament from continuing to sit. All phases of the Long Parliament and the King's Oxford Parliament, being sittings of all or part of the same body are given the same number in the No column. - (l) KJ1 - Parliament summoned by King James I of EnglandJames I of EnglandJames VI and I was King of Scots as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the English and Scottish crowns on 24 March 1603...
. - (m) QE1 - Parliament summoned by Queen Elizabeth I of EnglandElizabeth I of EnglandElizabeth I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty...
. - (n) QM1 - Parliament summoned by Queen Mary I of EnglandMary I of EnglandMary I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death.She was the only surviving child born of the ill-fated marriage of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded Henry in 1547...
. - (o) KE6 - Parliament summoned by King Edward VI of EnglandEdward VI of EnglandEdward VI was the King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first monarch who was raised as a Protestant...
. - (p) KH8 - Parliament summoned by King Henry VIII of EnglandHenry VIII of EnglandHenry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France...
. - (q) KH7 - Parliament summoned by King Henry VII of EnglandHenry VII of EnglandHenry VII was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor....
.
Parliaments 1400-1497
| No | NP | Summoned | Opened | Dismissed | Duration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 125 | KH7/6 | 20 November 1496 | 16 January 1497 | 13 March 1497 | 0-1-25 | ... |
| 126 | KH7/5 | 15 September 1495 | 14 October 1495 | 21–22 December 1495 | 0-2-7/8 | ... |
| 127 | KH7/4 | 12 August 1491 | 17 October 1491 | 5 March 1492 | 0-4-16 | ... |
| 128 | KH7/3 | ... | 13 January 1489 | 27 February 1490 | 0-11-14 | ... |
| 129 | KH7/2 | ... | 9 November 1487 | c. 18 December 1487 | 0-1-9 | ... |
| 130 | KH7/1 | 15 September 1485 | 7 November 1485 | c. 4 March 1486 | 0-3-24 | ... |
| 131 | KR3/1 | 9 December 1483 | 23 January 1484 | 20 February 1484 | 0-0-29 | a |
| 132 | KE4/6 | 15 November 1482 | 20 January 1483 | 18 February 1483 | 0-0-30 | b |
| 133 | KE4/5 | 20 November 1477 | 16 January 1478 | 26 February 1478 | 0-1-10 | ... |
| 134 | KE4/4 | 19 August 1472 | 6 October 1472 | 14 March 1475 | 2-5-8 | c |
| 135 | KH6/23 | 15 October 1470 | 26 November 1470 | c. 11 April 1471 | 0-4-16 | d |
| 136 | KE4/3 | 28 February 1467 | 3 June 1467 | 7 June 1468 | 1-0-4 | ... |
| 137 | KE4/2 | 22 December 1462 | 29 April 1463 | 28 March 1465 | 1-10-28 | ... |
| 138 | KE4/1 | 23 May 1461 | 4 November 1462 | 6 May 1462 | 0-6-2 | ... |
| 139 | KH6/22 | 30 July 1460 | 7 October 1460 | c. 4 March 1461 | 0-4-26 | e |
| 140 | KH6/21 Parliament of Devils The Parliament of Devils was a session of the Parliament of England, held at Coventry. It was the 21st Parliament summoned in the reign of King Henry VI of England.The Parliament was summoned on 9 October 1459 for a first meeting on 20 November 1459.... |
9 October 1459 | 20 November 1459 | 20 December 1459 | 0-1-0 | ... |
| 141 | KH6/20 | 26 May 1455 | 9 July 1455 | 12 March 1456 | 0-8-3 | ... |
| 142 | KH6/19 | 20 January 1453 | 6 March 1453 | c. 16–21 April 1454 | 1-1-10/15 | ... |
| 143 | KH6/18 | 5 September 1450 | 6 November 1450 | c. 24–31 May 1451 | 0-6-18/25 | ... |
| 144 | KH6/17 | 23 September 1449 | 6 November 1449 | c. 5–8 June 1450 | 0-6/7-30/2 | ... |
| 145 | KH6/16 | 2 January 1449 | 12 February 1449 | 16 July 1449 | 0-5-4 | ... |
| 146 | KH6/15 | 14 December 1446 | 10 February 1447 | 3 March 1447 | 0-0-22 | ... |
| 147 | KH6/14 | 13 January 1445 | 25 February 1445 | 9 April 1445 | 0-1-15 | ... |
| 148 | KH6/13 | 3 December 1441 | 25 January 1442 | 27 March 1442 | 0-2-2 | ... |
| 149 | KH6/12 | 26 September 1439 | 12 November 1439 | c. 15–24 February 1440 | 0-3-3/12 | ... |
| 150 | KH6/11 | 29 October 1436 | 21 January 1437 | 27 March 1437 | 0-2-6 | ... |
| 151 | KH6/10 | 5 July 1435 | 10 October 1435 | 23 December 1435 | 0-2-13 | f |
| 152 | KH6/9 | 24 May 1433 | 8 July 1433 | pc. 18 December 1433 | 0-5-10 | g |
| 153 | KH6/8 | 25 February 1432 | 12 May 1432 | 17 July 1432 | 0-2-5 | ... |
| 154 | KH6/7 | 27 November 1430 | 12 January 1431 | 20 March 1431 | 0-2-8 | f |
| 155 | KH6/6 | 12 July 1429 | 22 September 1429 | 23 February 1430 | 0-5-1 | ... |
| 156 | KH6/5 | 15 July 1427 | 13 October 1427 | 25 March 1428 | 0-5-12 | ... |
| 157 | KH6/4 Parliament of Bats The Parliament of Bats was a Parliament of England that was held in 1426 in Leicester. Meetings took place in the great hall of Leicester Castle. The King at the time, Henry VI was an infant, and the session saw him knighted in St Mary de Castro Church across the road from the Castle Great Hall... |
7 January 1426 | 18 February 1426 | 1 June 1426 | 0-3-14 | ... |
| 158 | KH6/3 | 24 February 1425 | 30 April 1425 | 14 July 1425 | 0-2-14 | ... |
| 159 | KH6/2 | 1 September 1423 | 20 October 1423 | 28 February 1424 | 0-4-8 | ... |
| 160 | KH6/1 | 29 September 1422 | 9 November 1422 | 18 December 1422 | 0-1-9 | ... |
| 161 | KH5/11 | 20 October 1421 | 1 December 1421 | ... | ... | h |
| 162 | KH5/10 | 26 February 1421 | 2 May 1421 | ... | ... | ... |
| 163 | KH5/9 | 21 October 1420 | 2 December 1420 | ... | ... | ... |
| 164 | KH5/8 | 24 August 1419 | 16 October 1419 | 13 November 1419 | 0-0-29 | f |
| 165 | KH5/7 | 5 October 1417 | 16 November 1417 | 17 December 1417 | 0-1-1 | f |
| 166 | KH5/6 | 3 September 1416 | 19 October 1416 | 18 November 1416 | 0-0-31 | ... |
| 167 | KH5/5 | 21 January 1416 | 16 March 1416 | May 1416 | ... | ... |
| 168 | KH5/4 | 12 August 1415 | 4 November 1415 | 12 November 1415 | 0-0-9 | f |
| 169 | KH5/3 | 26 September 1414 | 19 November 1414 | ... | ... | ... |
| 170 | KH5/2 Fire and Faggot Parliament The Fire and Faggot Parliament was an English Parliament held in 1414 during the reign of Henry V.It was held in Grey Friars Priory in Leicester, and the Speaker was Walter Hungerford.... |
1 December 1413 | 30 April 1414 | 29 May 1414 | 0-0-30 | ... |
| 171 | KH5/1 | 22 March 1413 | 14 May 1413 | 9 June 1413 | 0-0-27 | ... |
| 172 | KH4/10 | 1 December 1412 | 3 February 1413 | 20 March 1413 | 0-1-17 | i |
| 173 | KH4/9 | 21 September 1411 | 3 November 1411 | 19 December 1411 | 0-1-16 | ... |
| 174 | KH4/8 | 26 October 1409 | 27 January 1410 | 9 May 1410 | 0-3-12 | ... |
| 175 | KH4/7 | 26 August 1407 | 20 October 1407 | 2 December 1407 | 0-1-12 | ... |
| 176 | KH4/6 | 21 December 1405 | 1 March 1406 | 22 December 1406 | 0-9-21 | ... |
| 177 | KH4/5 | 25 August 1404 | 6 October 1404 | 13 November 1404 | 0-1-7 | j |
| 178 | KH4/4 | 20 October 1403 | 14 January 1404 | 20 March 1404 | 0-2-6 | j |
| 179 | KH4/3 | 19 June 1402 | 30 September 1402 | 25 November 1402 | 0-1-26 | ... |
| 180 | KH4/2 | 9 September 1400 | 20 January 1401 | 10 March 1401 | 0-1-18 | ... |
Notes:-
- (a) KR3 - Parliament summoned by King Richard III of EnglandRichard III of EnglandRichard III was King of England for two years, from 1483 until his death in 1485 during the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty...
. - (b) KE4 - Parliament summoned by King Edward IV of EnglandEdward IV of EnglandEdward IV was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death. He was the first Yorkist King of England...
. - (c) King Edward IV restored to the throne since the previous Parliament.
- (d) KH6 - Parliament summoned by King Henry VI of EnglandHenry VI of EnglandHenry VI was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. Until 1437, his realm was governed by regents. Contemporaneous accounts described him as peaceful and pious, not suited for the violent dynastic civil wars, known as the Wars...
. KH6/23: King Henry VI restored to the throne since the previous Parliament. Parliament dissolved by the deposition of the monarch. - (e) Parliament dissolved by the deposition of the monarch.
- (f) Date given for dismissal is the date when supply was granted.
- (g) The actual date of dismissal was post circa the date given, so the duration is a minimum estimate.
- (h) KH5 - Parliament summoned by King Henry V of EnglandHenry V of EnglandHenry V was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 35 in 1422. He was the second monarch belonging to the House of Lancaster....
. - (i) KH4 - Parliament summoned by King Henry IV of EnglandHenry IV of EnglandHenry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland . He was the ninth King of England of the House of Plantagenet and also asserted his grandfather's claim to the title King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence his other name, Henry Bolingbroke...
. - (j) Date given for dismissal is the date when writs 'de expensis' were issued.
Parliaments to 1399
| No | NP | Summoned | Opened | Dismissed | Duration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 181 | KH4/1 | 30 September 1399 | 6 October 1399 | 19 November 1399 | 0-1-13 | a,b |
| 182 | KR2/25 | 19 August 1399 | 30 September 1399 | 30 September 1399 | 0-0-1 | c,d |
| 183 | KR2/24 | 18 July 1397 | 17 September 1397 | 31 January 1398 | 0-4-14 | ... |
| 184 | KR2/23 | 30 November 1396 | 22 January 1397 | 12 February 1397 | 0-0-22 | a |
| 185 | KR2/22 | 20 November 1394 | 27 January 1395 | 15 February 1395 | 0-0-20 | a |
| 186 | KR2/21 | 13 November 1393 | 27 January 1394 | 6 March 1394 | 0-1-7 | ... |
| 187 | KR2/20 | 23 November 1392 | 20 January 1393 | 10 February 1393 | 0-0-22 | ... |
| 188 | KR2/19 | 7 September 1391 | 3 November 1391 | 2 December 1391 | 0-0-30 | ... |
| 189 | KR2/18 | 12 September 1390 | 12 November 1390 | 3 December 1390 | 0-0-22 | ... |
| 190 | KR2/17 | 6 December 1389 | 17 January 1390 | 2 March 1390 | 0-1-13 | ... |
| 191 | KR2/16 | 28 July 1388 | 9 September 1388 | 17 October 1388 | 0-1-8 | a |
| 192 | KR2/15 Merciless Parliament The Merciless Parliament, a term coined by Augustinian chronicler Henry Knighton, refers to the English parliamentary session of February through June 1388, at which many members of Richard II's Court were convicted of treason. The session was preceded by a period in which Richard's power was... |
17 December 1387 | 3 February 1388 | 4 June 1388 | 0-4-1 | ... |
| 193 | KR2/14 Wonderful Parliament The term Wonderful Parliament refers to an English Parliamentary session of November 1386 which pressed for reforms of Richard II's administration.- Auditing the King :... |
8 August 1386 | 1 October 1386 | 28 November 1386 | 0-1-27 | ... |
| 194 | KR2/13 | 3 September 1385 | 20 October 1385 | 6 December 1385 | 0-1-16 | a |
| 195 | KR2/12 | 28 September 1384 | 12 November 1384 | 14 December 1384 | 0-1-2 | a |
| 196 | KR2/11 | 3 March 1384 | 29 April 1384 | 27 May 1384 | 0-0-29 | a |
| 197 | KR2/10 | 20 August 1383 | 26 October 1383 | 26 November 1383 | 0-1-0 | a |
| 198 | KR2/9 | 7 January 1383 | 23 February 1383 | 10 March 1383 | 0-0-16 | a |
| 199 | KR2/8 | 9 August 1382 | 6 October 1382 | 24 October 1382 | 0-0-19 | a |
| 200 | KR2/7 | 24 March 1382 | 7 May 1382 | 22 May 1382 | 0-0-16 | a |
| 201 | KR2/6 | 16 July 1381 | 3 November 1381 | 25 February 1382 | 0-3-22 | ... |
| 202 | KR2/5 | 26 August 1380 | 5 November 1380 | 6 December 1380 | 0-1-1 | ... |
| 203 | KR2/4 | 20 October 1379 | 16 January 1380 | 3 March 1380 | 0-1-16 | a |
| 204 | KR2/3 | 16 February 1379 | 24 April 1379 | 27 May 1379 | 0-1-3 | ... |
| 205 | KR2/2 | 3 September 1378 | 20 October 1378 | 16 November 1378 | 0-0-28 | a |
| 206 | KR2/1 | 4 August 1377 | 13 October 1377 | 5 December 1377 | 0-1-23 | a |
| 207 | KE3/47 Bad Parliament The Bad Parliament sat in England between 27 January and 2 March 1377. Influenced by Prince John of Gaunt, it undid the work done by the Good Parliament to reduce corruption in the Royal Council. It also introduced a poll tax which was a contributing factor to the Peasants' Revolt in 1381.... |
1 December 1376 | 27 January 1377 | 2 March 1377 | 0-1-3 | a,e,f |
| 208 | KE3/46 Good Parliament The Good Parliament is the name traditionally given to the English Parliament of 1376. Sitting in London from April 28 to July 10, it was the longest Parliament up until that time.... |
28 December 1375 | 28 April 1376 | 10 July 1376 | 0-2-13 | g |
| 209 | KE3/45 | 4 October 1373 | 21 November 1373 | 10 December 1373 | 0-0-20 | a |
| 210 | KE3/44 | 1 September 1372 | 3 November 1372 | 24 November 1372 | 0-0-21 | a |
| 211 | KE3/43 | 8 January 1371 | 24 February 1371 | 29 March 1371 | 0-1-5 | a |
| 212 | KE3/42 | 6 April 1369 | 3 June 1369 | 11 June 1369 | 0-0-9 | a |
| 213 | KE3/41 | 24 February 1368 | 1 May 1368 | 21 May 1368 | 0-0-21 | ... |
| 214 | KE3/40 | 20 January 1366 | 4 May 1366 | 11 May 1366 | 0-0-8 | ... |
| 215 | KE3/39 | 4 December 1364 | 20 January 1365 | 17 February 1365 | 0-0-28 | ... |
Notes:-
- (a) Date given for dismissal is the date when writs 'de expensis' were issued.
- (b) KH4/1 was a Convention Parliament.
- (c) KR2 - Parliament summoned by King Richard II of EnglandRichard II of EnglandRichard II was King of England, a member of the House of Plantagenet and the last of its main-line kings. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince, and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III...
. - (d) Summons held to be invalidated by the deposition of King Richard II on 29 September 1399.
- (e) KE3 - Parliament summoned by King Edward III of EnglandEdward III of EnglandEdward III was King of England from 1327 until his death and is noted for his military success. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe...
. - (f) KE3/47 is known as the Bad ParliamentBad ParliamentThe Bad Parliament sat in England between 27 January and 2 March 1377. Influenced by Prince John of Gaunt, it undid the work done by the Good Parliament to reduce corruption in the Royal Council. It also introduced a poll tax which was a contributing factor to the Peasants' Revolt in 1381....
. - (g) KE3/46 is known as the Good ParliamentGood ParliamentThe Good Parliament is the name traditionally given to the English Parliament of 1376. Sitting in London from April 28 to July 10, it was the longest Parliament up until that time....
.
See also
- Duration of English, British and United Kingdom Parliaments from 1660Duration of English, British and United Kingdom Parliaments from 1660This article augments the lists of Parliaments to be found elsewhere with additional information which could not be conveniently incorporated in them....
- List of Parliaments of England
- List of Parliaments of Great Britain
- List of Parliaments of the United Kingdom
- List of Speakers of the House of Commons of England
- List of Speakers of the British House of Commons
- List of British ministries
- List of British Governments