Class C GPCR
Encyclopedia
The class C G-protein-coupled receptors are a class of G-protein coupled receptors that include the metabotropic glutamate receptor
s and several additional receptors.
Family C GPCRs have a large extracellular N-terminus which binds the orthosteric (endogenous) ligand
. The shape of this domain is often likened to a clam. Several allosteric ligands to these receptors have been identified and these bind within the seven transmembrane region.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor
The metabotropic glutamate receptors, or mGluRs, are a type of glutamate receptor that are active through an indirect metabotropic process. They are members of the group C family of G-protein-coupled receptors, or GPCRs...
s and several additional receptors.
Family C GPCRs have a large extracellular N-terminus which binds the orthosteric (endogenous) ligand
Ligand (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose. In a narrower sense, it is a signal triggering molecule, binding to a site on a target protein.The binding occurs by intermolecular forces, such as ionic bonds, hydrogen...
. The shape of this domain is often likened to a clam. Several allosteric ligands to these receptors have been identified and these bind within the seven transmembrane region.
Calcium-sensing receptor-related
- extracellular calcium-sensing receptor-related
- Calcium-sensing receptorCalcium-sensing receptorThe calcium-sensing receptor is a Class C G-protein coupled receptor which senses extracellular levels of calcium ion. In the parathyroid gland, the calcium-sensing receptor controls calcium homeostasis by regulating the release of parathyroid hormone .-Signal transduction:The release of PTH is...
- GPRC6AGPRC6AG-protein coupled receptor family C group 6 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRC6A gene. This receptor functions as a sensor of L-amino acids, osteocalcin, and steroids.- Clinical significance :...
- Calcium-sensing receptor
GABAB receptors
- GABAB receptor (gamma-aminobutyric acid)
- GABAB receptor 1GABBR1Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor, 1 , is a G-protein coupled receptor subunit encoded by the GABBR1 gene.-Interactions:GABBR1 has been shown to interact with ATF4 and GABBR2.-Further reading:...
- GABAB receptor 2GABBR2Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor, 2 is a G-protein coupled receptor subunit encoded by the GABBR2 gene in humans.-Further reading:...
- GPR156GPR156GPR156 , is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor belonging to metabotropic glutamate receptor subfamily. By sequence homology, this gene was proposed as being a possible GABAB receptor subunit, however when expressed in cells alone or with other GABAB subunits, no response to...
- GABAB receptor 1
Metabotropic glutamate receptors
- Metabotropic glutamate receptorMetabotropic glutamate receptorThe metabotropic glutamate receptors, or mGluRs, are a type of glutamate receptor that are active through an indirect metabotropic process. They are members of the group C family of G-protein-coupled receptors, or GPCRs...
s (mGluR)- mGluR1Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1The glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1, also known as GRM1, is a human gene which encodes the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 protein.-Function:...
- mGluR2Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM2 gene.-PAMs:The development of subtype-2-selective positive allosteric modulators experienced steady advance in recent years...
- mGluR3Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM3 gene.-Ligands:Though truly mGluR3 selective agents still await their discovery, mixed mGluR2/3 ligands with selectivity over other mGluR-subtypes are known...
- mGluR4Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM4 gene.Together with GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8 it belongs to group III of the metabotropic glutamate receptor family. Group III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade.Activation of GRM4 has...
- mGluR5Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM5 gene.- Function :The amino acid L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors...
- mGluR6Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 6, also known as GRM6, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GRM6 gene.- Function :L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors...
- mGluR7Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM7 gene.-Agonists:*AMN082: allosteric agonist; induces rapid internalization; non-glutamatergic binding component-Interactions:...
- mGluR8Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM8 gene.-Further reading:...
- mGluR1
RAIG
- Retinoic acid-inducible orphan G protein-coupled receptorRetinoic acid-inducible orphan G protein-coupled receptorThe Retinoic Acid-Inducible orphan G-protein-coupled receptors are a group of four closely related G protein-coupled receptors whose expression is induced by retinoic acid....
s (RAIG)- RAIG1GPRC5ARetinoic acid-induced protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRC5A gene.-Further reading:...
- RAIG2GPRC5BG-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRC5B gene.-Further reading:...
- RAIG3GPRC5CG-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRC5C gene.-Further reading:...
- RAIG4GPRC5DG-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRC5D gene.-Further reading:...
- RAIG1
Taste receptors
- Taste receptorTaste receptorA Taste receptor is a type of receptor which facilitates the sensation of taste.Examples include TAS2R16 and TAS2R38.They are divided into two families:* Type 1, sweet, first characterized in 2001: –...
- Taste receptor, type 1, member 1TAS1R1Taste receptor type 1 member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS1R1 gene.-Further reading:...
- Taste receptor, type 1, member 2TAS1R2Taste receptor type 1 member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS1R2 gene.A mutation in this gene gives cats the inability to taste sugar.-Further reading:...
- Taste receptor, type 1, member 3TAS1R3Taste receptor type 1 member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAS1R3 gene.-Further reading:...
- Taste receptor, type 1, member 1
Orphan
- Class C Orphan receptorOrphan receptorAn orphan receptor is an apparent receptor that has a similar structure to other identified receptors but whose endogenous ligand has not yet been identified. If a ligand for an orphan receptor is later discovered, the receptor is referred to as an "adopted orphan".-Examples:Examples of orphan...
s
Other
- Bride of sevenless protein
- Vomeronasal receptorVomeronasal receptorPheromones have evolved in all animal phyla, to signal sex and dominance status, and are responsible for stereotypical social and sexual behaviour among members of the same species...
, type 2