Creole
Encyclopedia
Languages
A Creole languageCreole language
A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable natural language developed from the mixing of parent languages; creoles differ from pidgins in that they have been nativized by children as their primary language, making them have features of natural languages that are normally missing from...
is a stable, full-fledged language that originated from a pidgin
Pidgin
A pidgin , or pidgin language, is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common. It is most commonly employed in situations such as trade, or where both groups speak languages different from the language of the...
or combination of other languages.
Creole languages subgroups may include:
- Arabic-based creole languagesArabic-based creole languagesAn Arabic-based creole language, or simply Arabic creole is a creole language which was significantly influenced by the Arabic language.The main Arabic creoles are:...
- Dutch-based creole languagesDutch-based creole languagesA Dutch creole is a creole language that has been substantially influenced by the Dutch language.Most Dutch-based creoles originated in Dutch colonies in the Americas and Southeast Asia, after the 17th century expansion of Dutch maritime power...
- English-based creole languagesEnglish-based creole languagesAn English-based creole language is a creole language that was significantly influenced by the English language...
- French-based creole languagesFrench-based creole languagesA French Creole, or French-based Creole language, is a creole language based on the French language, more specifically on a 17th century koiné French extant in Paris, the French Atlantic harbors, and the nascent French colonies...
- SingdarinSingdarinColloquial Singaporean Mandarin, also known as Singdarin is an interlanguage native to Singapore. In Taiwan, this language variety is known as Singnese . It is based on Mandarin but has a large amount of English in its vocabulary. For this reason, Singdarin is sometimes known as "Anglo-Chinese"...
, Chinese-based creole languages - German-based creole languagesGerman-based creole languagesA German creole, more properly a German-based creole language, is a creole language with a significant influence from the German language....
- Malay-based creole languagesMalay-based creole languagesThe Malay language, through its history has experienced both pidginization and creolization. This occurred mostly through inter-island trading and interaction where people from various ethnic groups, languages and backgrounds met....
- Ngbandi-based creole languages
- Portuguese-based creole languages
- Spanish-based creole languagesSpanish-based Creole languages-Chavacano:Chavacano is a Spanish-based Creole language and the name of the Six Dialects of Spanish evolved words turned into a Creole language spoken in the Philippines...
Specific creole languages include:
- Haitian Creole languageHaitian Creole languageHaitian Creole language , often called simply Creole or Kreyòl, is a language spoken in Haiti by about twelve million people, which includes all Haitians in Haiti and via emigration, by about two to three million speakers residing in the Bahamas, Cuba, Canada, France, Cayman Islands, French...
, French-based, an official language of Haiti - Mauritian CreoleMauritian CreoleMauritian Creole is a French-based creole language spoken in Mauritius. In addition to the French base of the language, there are also some words from English and from the many African and Asian languages that have been spoken on the island.- Sociolinguistic Situation :Mauritian Creole is the...
, French-based, spoken in Mauritius - Louisiana Creole FrenchLouisiana Creole FrenchLouisiana Creole is a French Creole language spoken by the Louisiana Creole people of the state of Louisiana. The language consists of elements of French, Spanish, African, and Native American roots.-Geography:...
, spoken in Louisiana - Belizean Kriol languageBelizean Kriol languageBelizean Creole English, known as Kriol by its speakers, is an English-based creole language most closely related to Miskito Coastal Creole, Limón Coastal Creole, Colón Creole, San Andrés and Providencia Creole, Guyanese Creole, Jamaican Patois and English creoles of the Caribbean show similarity...
, spoken in Belize - Cape Verdean Creole, spoken on the islands of Cape Verde
- Krio Dayak languageKrio Dayak languageThe Krio Dayak or Keriu is a Kayan language of the Krio Dayak people in West Kalimantan, Indonesia.-External links:* in a linguistic thesaurus by the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies ....
, spoken by Krio Dayak people in West Kalimantan, Indonesia - Liberian Kreyol languageLiberian Kreyol languageKreyol is an English-based creole language spoken in Liberia. It is spoken by 1,500,000 people as a second language . It is historically and linguistically related to Merico, another creole spoken in Liberia, but is grammatically distinct from it...
, spoken in Liberia - Seychellois CreoleSeychellois CreoleSeychellois Creole, also known as Kreol or Seselwa, is the French-based creole language of the Seychelles. It shares official language status with English and French ....
, French-based, spoken in the Seychelles - Guinea-Bissau Creole, spoken in Guinea-Bissau
- NegerhollandsNegerhollandsNegerhollands is a Dutch-based creole language that was once spoken in the Danish West Indies, now known as the U.S. Virgin Islands. Dutch is its superstrate language with Danish, English, French, Spanish, and African elements incorporated...
, a Dutch-based creole, once spoken in the U.S. Virgin Islands - Bislama, an English-based creole, spoken in Vanuatu
- LlanitoLlanitoLlanito or Yanito is an Andalusian Spanish based creole spoken in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. It consists of an eclectic mix of Andalusian Spanish and British English, marked by a great deal of code switching and loanwords from many other Mediterranean languages.Gibraltarians also...
, a Spanish- and English-based creole, spoken in Gibraltar - BajanBajanBajan is an English-based creole language spoken on the Caribbean island of Barbados. Bajan, like many other English-based Caribbean creole languages, consists of a West African substrate and an English superstrate...
or Barbadian Creole, English-based, spoken in Barbados - Antillean CreoleAntillean CreoleAntillean Creole is a creole language with a vocabulary based on French. It is spoken primarily in the Lesser Antilles. Its grammar and vocabulary also include elements of Carib and African languages. Antillean Creole is related to Haitian Creole, but has a number of distinctive features; they are...
or Créole Martiniquais, French-based, spoken in the Lesser Antilles - Tok PisinTok PisinTok Pisin is a creole spoken throughout Papua New Guinea. It is an official language of Papua New Guinea and the most widely used language in that country...
, an official language of Papua New Guinea - Torres Strait CreoleTorres Strait CreoleTorres Strait Creole is an English-based creole language spoken on several Torres Strait Islands , Northern Cape York and South-Western Coastal Papua...
or Brokan, spoken in Far-North-East Australia, Torres Strait, and South-West Papua - PatoisPatoisPatois is any language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics. It can refer to pidgins, creoles, dialects, and other forms of native or local speech, but not commonly to jargon or slang, which are vocabulary-based forms of cant...
, French based, spoken in Saint Lucia - Nagamese creole, based on AssameseAssamese languageAssamese is the easternmost Indo-Aryan language. It is used mainly in the state of Assam in North-East India. It is also the official language of Assam. It is also spoken in parts of Arunachal Pradesh and other northeast Indian states. Nagamese, an Assamese-based Creole language is widely used in...
, used in in NagalandNagalandNagaland is a state in the far north-eastern part of India. It borders the state of Assam to the west, Arunachal Pradesh and part of Assam to the north, Burma to the east and Manipur to the south. The state capital is Kohima, and the largest city is Dimapur...
, IndiaIndiaIndia , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
People
Creole peoplesCreole peoples
The term Creole and its cognates in other languages — such as crioulo, criollo, créole, kriolu, criol, kreyol, kreol, kriulo, kriol, krio, etc. — have been applied to people in different countries and epochs, with rather different meanings...
– various distinct ethnic groups; mix of culture:
- Louisiana Creole peopleLouisiana Creole peopleLouisiana Creole people refers to those who are descended from the colonial settlers in Louisiana, especially those of French and Spanish descent. The term was first used during colonial times by the settlers to refer to those who were born in the colony, as opposed to those born in the Old World...
- Belizean Kriol peopleBelizean Kriol peopleThe Belizean Creoles, locally known as Kriols, are Creole descendants of English and Scottish log cutters, as well as Black African slaves brought to Belize. Other small minorities include Creoles and the Miskito from Nicaragua, Jamaicans, and other West Indians who assisted in the logging...
- Sierra Leone Creole peopleSierra Leone Creole peopleThe Sierra Leone Creoles, or Krios, are an ethnic group in Sierra Leone, descendants of West Indian slaves from the Caribbean, primarily from Jamaica; freed African American slaves from the Thirteen Colonies resettled from Nova Scotia; and Liberated Africans from various parts of Africa...
- Krio Dayak peopleKrio Dayak peopleThe Krio Dayak are a Dayak ethnic group in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. They live on the upper course of the Krio River and speak the Krio Dayak language.-History:...
, an ethnic group in West Kalimantan, Indonesia - Mauritian Creole peopleMauritian Creole PeopleMauritian Creole people are the people of African and Malagasy origin who live in Mauritius. However, the Creole people today also includes minorities of people that have both African and Malagasy origins with Indian, Chinese, French and/or British backgrounds....
- Surinamese Creole peopleSurinamese Creole peopleSurinamese Creole people are the inhabitants of Suriname with one or more ancestors of Black African descent. The Surinamese Creole culture is a fusion of various African cultures with indigenous and European influences. The traditional garment of the Creoles in Suriname, the koto with the anjisa...
- Haitian Creole peopleHaitian Creole peopleHaiti is one out of six Francophone countries and territories in the Americas that has a population which refers to themselves as Créole.The term Créole as used in Haïti and the rest of the French West Indies refers to the natives of these areas. Créole natif natal is a term used in Haiti to refer...
Other uses
- Louisiana Creole cuisineLouisiana Creole cuisineLouisiana Creole cuisine is a style of cooking originating in Louisiana which blends French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Greek, Asian Indian, Native American, and African influences, as well as general Southern cuisine...
, a style of cooking of the New Orleans area, Louisiana that blends many influences. - "Creole Love CallCreole Love Call"Creole Love Call" is a jazz standard, most associated with the Duke Ellington band.Ellington first recorded it in 1927 and was issued a copyright for it as composer the following year. However the main melody appears earlier in the Joe "King" Oliver composition "Camp Meeting Blues" which Oliver...
", a composition by Duke Ellington - "Creole" (song), a song by Beyoncé
- The Creole caseCreole caseThe Creole case was the result of a slave rebellion in 1841 on board the Creole, a ship involved in the United States coastwise slave trade.-The revolt:...
, an international dispute about the Creole, a US slave-trade ship. - Creole RecordsCreole RecordsCreole Records was a UK record label that found most of its success in the disco and reggae genres in the mid 1970s to early 1980s.Creole released the debut singles of both Boney M. and Amanda Lear in 1975...
, a record label - Creole PigCreole PigThe Creole Pig is a breed of pig indigenous to the Caribbean nation of Haiti.Creole pigs are well adapted to local conditions, such as available feed and conditions needed for their management as livestock, and were popular with the Haitian peasant farmers until an extermination campaign in the 1980s...
, a breed of pig from Haiti - ZydecoZydecoZydeco is a form of uniquely American roots or folk music. It evolved in southwest Louisiana in the early 19th century from forms of "la la" Creole music...
, Louisiana Creole folk music - CREOLE, a component model of the General Architecture for Text EngineeringGeneral Architecture for Text EngineeringGeneral Architecture for Text Engineering or GATE is a Java suite of tools originally developed at the University of Sheffield beginning in 1995 and now used worldwide by a wide community of scientists, companies, teachers and students for all sorts of natural language processing tasks, including...
text processing system - CréolitéCréolitéCréolité is a literary movement first developed in the 1980s by Martinican writers Patrick Chamoiseau, Jean Bernabé and Raphaël Confiant. The trio published Eloge de la créolité in 1989 as a response to the perceived inadequacies of the négritude movement...
, a Martinican literary movement - Creole (markup)Creole (markup)Creole is a lightweight markup language for formatting wikitext, aimed at being a common markup language for wikis, enabling and simplifying the transfer of content between different wiki engines....
, a common wiki markup language to be used across different wikis - Ponce CreolePonce CreolePonce Creole is an architectural style created in Ponce, Puerto Rico in the late 18th and early 19th century. This style of Puerto Rican buildings is found predominantly in residential homes in Ponce that developed between 1895 and 1920...
, an architectural style unique to Ponce, Puerto Rico, born in the late eighteenth century - Creole sheep, a sheep breed
- Creole QueenCreole QueenThe paddlewheeler Creole Queen is a 1,000 passenger riverboat operating out of the Port Of New Orleans. She is operated by New Orleans Paddlewheels, Inc. She was built by Halter Marine at Moss Point, Mississippi along the lines of a turn-of-the-century sternwheeler and was christened into service...
, a 1,000 passenger sternwheel riverboat