Cryomodule
Encyclopedia
A cryomodule is that section, or sections of a linear particle accelerator
composed of superconducting RF
cavities used in a linear accelerator, or linac.
The cryomodule is a complex, state-of-the-art supercooled component in which particle beams are accelerated for scientific research.
The niobium cavities are cooled with liquid helium
to an operating temperature
of 2 kelvin
to supercool this section of the accelerator
specifically tuned for RF at the low temperatures.
The cryomodule section of the linac section is a superposition
of normal conducting and superconducting radio-frequency cavities that accelerate the beam and a magnetic lattice that provides focusing and steering.
Linear particle accelerator
A linear particle accelerator is a type of particle accelerator that greatly increases the velocity of charged subatomic particles or ions by subjecting the charged particles to a series of oscillating electric potentials along a linear beamline; this method of particle acceleration was invented...
composed of superconducting RF
Superconducting Radio Frequency
Superconducting Radio Frequency science and technology involves the application of electrical superconductors to radio frequency devices. The ultra-low electrical resistivity of a superconducting material allows an RF resonator to obtain an extremely high quality factor, Q...
cavities used in a linear accelerator, or linac.
The cryomodule is a complex, state-of-the-art supercooled component in which particle beams are accelerated for scientific research.
The niobium cavities are cooled with liquid helium
Liquid helium
Helium exists in liquid form only at extremely low temperatures. The boiling point and critical point depend on the isotope of the helium; see the table below for values. The density of liquid helium-4 at its boiling point and 1 atmosphere is approximately 0.125 g/mL Helium-4 was first liquefied...
to an operating temperature
Operating temperature
An operating temperature is the temperature at which an electrical or mechanical device operates. The device will operate effectively within a specified temperature range which varies based on the device function and application context, and ranges from the minimum operating temperature to the...
of 2 kelvin
Kelvin
The kelvin is a unit of measurement for temperature. It is one of the seven base units in the International System of Units and is assigned the unit symbol K. The Kelvin scale is an absolute, thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all...
to supercool this section of the accelerator
Linear particle accelerator
A linear particle accelerator is a type of particle accelerator that greatly increases the velocity of charged subatomic particles or ions by subjecting the charged particles to a series of oscillating electric potentials along a linear beamline; this method of particle acceleration was invented...
specifically tuned for RF at the low temperatures.
The cryomodule section of the linac section is a superposition
Superposition principle
In physics and systems theory, the superposition principle , also known as superposition property, states that, for all linear systems, the net response at a given place and time caused by two or more stimuli is the sum of the responses which would have been caused by each stimulus individually...
of normal conducting and superconducting radio-frequency cavities that accelerate the beam and a magnetic lattice that provides focusing and steering.