Cycling in London
Encyclopedia
Cycling in London has enjoyed a renaissance since the millennium. London's cyclists enjoy a cheaper, and often quicker, way around town than those by public transport or car, and as many trips in London are local, these can easily be done by bike. As London's public transport system is over-stretched at peak times making cycling a cheaper, quicker and more pleasant alternative. Though a quality bike and accessories can be expensive overall it may be cheaper than a year's fares on public transport, and a bike should last many years: good condition secondhand bikes would make this even cheaper.
Over one million Londoners own bicycles but around 2 per cent of all journeys in London are by bike: this compares to Cardiff
(4.3 per cent), Berlin (13 per cent), Munich (15 per cent), Amsterdam (37 per cent of all journeys) Copenhagen
(23 per cent of all journeys / 36 per cent of commutes) and Groningen (57 per cent of all journeys). In 2007 there were more than 500,000 cycle journeys each day in the capital - a 91 per cent increase compared to 2000 - even though 2007 was England's wettest summer since 1912. Nevertheless, it rains less in London than in Amsterdam which, along with Copenhagen, is the most bicycle-oriented European major city.
From July 2010, 6,000 bicycles are available for short-term rental from Transport for London
under the Barclays Cycle Hire
at 400 docking stations in nine central London boroughs.
due to increasing wealth and affordability of motor vehicles and the favouring of vehicular traffic by planners. Cycling's comeback began in the 1970s when cycling advocates
gained more concessions for cyclists and voiced ecological and social concerns about car use
.
Cycle paths include routes through the royal parks (St. James's Park
, Hyde Park
, Regent's Park
and Green Park
), along the Thames Path
and London's canals and waterways
. There is a code of conduct for riding on London's towpaths.
Cyclists can legally cycle in London's Bus lanes.
that bedeck many London corners and streets. Because of all these factors London's cyclists need considerably more experience and skill to ride in such a challenging environment.
Vehicular cycling
tactics such as don't hug the kerb are important: cyclists need to stay out of the left-most side of the road. Many deaths have occurred when vehicles pass kerb hugging cyclists and crush them against the pedestrian railings.
Rather, cyclists need to hold their ground by riding in the middle of their lane and maintain a good pace; by doing so the cyclist maintains a high visibility and it also helps prevent vehicles overtaking within the same lane and thereby forcing the cyclist to the left of the lane.
believes the actual number closer to 60,000.) secure bicycle parking facilities
in London boroughs are needed.
Bicycle parking is available at many Tube, mainline, tram or DLR stations.
. The DLR
and most inner London tubes
do not carry bicycles; they are generally permitted on National Rail
, Circle and District Line
trains outside the rush hour
, and certain other tube lines in outer London. However, folding bicycle
s are allowed on all tube lines, trains and trams; they are also allowed on buses at the driver's discretion.
As mentioned above bicycle parking facilities
are available at many public transport hubs.
and Transport for London write, the risks are negligible if certain rules are followed.
According to Andrei Morgan et al. (2010), "the biggest threat remains freight vehicles, involved in more than 4 out of 10 incidents, with over half turning left at the time of the crash."
Hence the London Cycling Campaign and others strongly recommend that cyclists should never undertake a lorry, especially in front of red lights. The correct positioning on the road is also important.
Between 1986 and April 2011, 439 cyclists have been killed in traffic accidents in Greater London. The yearly numbers of cyclists killed in London vary considerably. On average, from 1986 to 2010, 17.2 cyclists died per year. In more recent years, the numbers have declined slightly. The average from 1986 to 1999 was 18.3 while from 2000 to 2010 it was 15.9. However, there is a large yearly variation. For example, in 2004 only 8 cyclists died. One year later the number rose to 21. The worst year was 1989 with 33 fatalities.
According to Andrei Morgan et al. (2010) "the number of cyclists killed in London remains small, meaning that even if trends were present, they may not have been detected."
The absolute numbers of deaths have to put into perspective with regard to the number of cycles on the road. The absolute number of bike journeys in London has roughly doubled since the 1990s. According to Transport for London in 1993 300,000 daily journeys were made by bicycle. In 2007 the number of daily trips has increased to 500,000.
Andrei Morgan et al. (2010) estimate a "death rate per 100,000 cyclists per kilometre per year". This number came down significantly in recent years: In 2006 it was 11.1, while the average between 1992 and 1999 was 15.5. Morgan et al. estimate that this figure declined by 2.7% per year.
A map showing all cycling fatalities in Greater London since 2006 is available on the internet, as well as a spreadsheet containing publicly available information about the crashes.
Growth is assisted by governmental encouragement of cycling and the construction of improvements to enable safe and efficient cycling. Other conditions are:
In 2009 London real estate agents reported that close-by bike paths and on-site bike parking facilities were influencing the decisions of prospective property buyers and tenants.
Ken Livingstone
set a target of a 400% increase in cycling between 2008 and 2025. On 9 February 2008 Livingstone announced an estimated £400 million of initiatives to improve and increase cycling and walking. To be co-ordinated by the TfL and London boroughs the aims include having 1 in 10 Londoners making a round trip by bike each day and five per cent of all daily trips by bike by 2025.
These initiatives include:
London Mayor Boris Johnson
is considering schemes to allow cyclists to turn left at red traffic lights.
Over one million Londoners own bicycles but around 2 per cent of all journeys in London are by bike: this compares to Cardiff
Cycling in Cardiff
Cycling in Cardiff, capital of Wales, is facilitated by its easy gradients and large parks. In 2005, 4.3% of people commuted to work by cycling, compared to 2% in London and 5% in Berlin...
(4.3 per cent), Berlin (13 per cent), Munich (15 per cent), Amsterdam (37 per cent of all journeys) Copenhagen
Cycling in Copenhagen
Cycling in Copenhagen is - as with most bicycling in Denmark - an important means of transportation and a dominating feature of the cityscape, often noticed by visitors. The city offers a variety of favorable cycling conditions — dense urban proximities, short distances and flat terrain...
(23 per cent of all journeys / 36 per cent of commutes) and Groningen (57 per cent of all journeys). In 2007 there were more than 500,000 cycle journeys each day in the capital - a 91 per cent increase compared to 2000 - even though 2007 was England's wettest summer since 1912. Nevertheless, it rains less in London than in Amsterdam which, along with Copenhagen, is the most bicycle-oriented European major city.
From July 2010, 6,000 bicycles are available for short-term rental from Transport for London
Transport for London
Transport for London is the local government body responsible for most aspects of the transport system in Greater London in England. Its role is to implement the transport strategy and to manage transport services across London...
under the Barclays Cycle Hire
Barclays Cycle Hire
Barclays Cycle Hire is a public scheme bicycle sharing scheme that was launched on 30 July 2010 in London, United Kingdom. The scheme's bicycles are informally referred to as Boris bikes, after Boris Johnson, who was the Mayor of London at the time of the official launch.BCH commenced operations...
at 400 docking stations in nine central London boroughs.
History
Starting in the 1960s, Britain experienced a decline in utility cyclingUtility cycling
Utility cycling encompasses any cycling not done primarily for fitness, recreation such as cycle touring, or sport such as cycle racing, but simply as a means of transport...
due to increasing wealth and affordability of motor vehicles and the favouring of vehicular traffic by planners. Cycling's comeback began in the 1970s when cycling advocates
Cycling advocacy
Cycling advocacy consists of activities that provide greater safety, comfort, and convenience for bicyclists by educating cyclists and motorists, improving road quality on bike routes, establishing more and better bicycle parking, providing legal protections for cyclists by including cycling...
gained more concessions for cyclists and voiced ecological and social concerns about car use
Effects of the automobile on societies
Over the course of the 20th century, the automobile rapidly developed from an expensive toy for the rich into the de facto standard for passenger transport in most developed countries. In developing countries, the effects of the automobile have lagged, but are emulating the impacts of developed...
.
Cycle lanes and paths
On-road cycle lanes vary. Some have raised concrete kerbs that separate the cyclist from the traffic, whilst others are defined by lines painted on the road surface. The Cycle Superhighways went into use in May 2010.Cycle paths include routes through the royal parks (St. James's Park
St. James's Park
St. James's Park is a 23 hectare park in the City of Westminster, central London - the oldest of the Royal Parks of London. The park lies at the southernmost tip of the St. James's area, which was named after a leper hospital dedicated to St. James the Less.- Geographical location :St. James's...
, Hyde Park
Hyde Park, London
Hyde Park is one of the largest parks in central London, United Kingdom, and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers' Corner.The park is divided in two by the Serpentine...
, Regent's Park
Regent's Park
Regent's Park is one of the Royal Parks of London. It is in the north-western part of central London, partly in the City of Westminster and partly in the London Borough of Camden...
and Green Park
Green Park
-External links:*...
), along the Thames Path
Thames Path
The Thames Path is a National Trail, opened in 1996, following the length of the River Thames from its source near Kemble in Gloucestershire to the Thames Barrier at Charlton. It is about long....
and London's canals and waterways
Waterways in the United Kingdom
Waterways in the United Kingdom is a link page for any waterway, river, canal, firth or estuary in the United Kingdom.-Related topics:*Waterway, water power, navigable, navigable aqueduct, navigable river, navigable waters, navigability, Waterway society, List of waterway societies in the United...
. There is a code of conduct for riding on London's towpaths.
Cyclists can legally cycle in London's Bus lanes.
On road conditions
London's main roads often have heavier and quicker-moving traffic than other major European cities such as Amsterdam and Copenhagen — though there is a push for 20 miles per hour (8.9 m/s) maximum speed limits across London. There are also dangers on and along the roads such as the pedestrian railingsGuard rail
Guard rail or guardrail, sometimes referred to as guide rail or railing, is a system designed to keep people or vehicles from straying into dangerous or off-limits areas...
that bedeck many London corners and streets. Because of all these factors London's cyclists need considerably more experience and skill to ride in such a challenging environment.
Vehicular cycling
Vehicular cycling
Vehicular cycling is the practice of riding bicycles on roads in a manner that is visible, predictable, and in accordance with the principles for driving in traffic.The phrase vehicular cycling was coined by John Forester in the 1970s to characterize the...
tactics such as don't hug the kerb are important: cyclists need to stay out of the left-most side of the road. Many deaths have occurred when vehicles pass kerb hugging cyclists and crush them against the pedestrian railings.
Rather, cyclists need to hold their ground by riding in the middle of their lane and maintain a good pace; by doing so the cyclist maintains a high visibility and it also helps prevent vehicles overtaking within the same lane and thereby forcing the cyclist to the left of the lane.
Bicycle parking
As 15,000 bikes are reported stolen each year in London (though the Metropolitan PoliceMetropolitan police
Metropolitan Police is a generic title for the municipal police force for a major metropolitan area, and it may be part of the official title of the force...
believes the actual number closer to 60,000.) secure bicycle parking facilities
Bicycle parking
Bicycle parking involves the infrastructure and equipment to enable secure and convenient parking of bicycles...
in London boroughs are needed.
Bicycle parking is available at many Tube, mainline, tram or DLR stations.
Cycling and London's public transport
A major disadvantage of cycling in London is that (unlike some other European cities) bicycles are not allowed on many forms of public transportPublic transport
Public transport is a shared passenger transportation service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as taxicab, car pooling or hired buses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement.Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams...
. The DLR
Docklands Light Railway
The Docklands Light Railway is an automated light metro or light rail system opened on 31 August 1987 to serve the redeveloped Docklands area of London...
and most inner London tubes
London Underground
The London Underground is a rapid transit system serving a large part of Greater London and some parts of Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Essex in England...
do not carry bicycles; they are generally permitted on National Rail
National Rail
National Rail is a title used by the Association of Train Operating Companies as a generic term to define the passenger rail services operated in Great Britain...
, Circle and District Line
District Line
The District line is a line of the London Underground, coloured green on the Tube map. It is a "sub-surface" line, running through the central area in shallow cut-and-cover tunnels. It is the busiest of the sub-surface lines. Out of the 60 stations served, 25 are underground...
trains outside the rush hour
Rush hour
A rush hour or peak hour is a part of the day during which traffic congestion on roads and crowding on public transport is at its highest. Normally, this happens twice a day—once in the morning and once in the evening, the times during when the most people commute...
, and certain other tube lines in outer London. However, folding bicycle
Folding bicycle
A folding bicycle is a bicycle designed to fold into a compact form, facilitating transport and storage. When folded, the bikes can be more easily carried into buildings and workplaces or onto public transportation or more easily stored in compact living quarters or aboard a car, boat or plane...
s are allowed on all tube lines, trains and trams; they are also allowed on buses at the driver's discretion.
As mentioned above bicycle parking facilities
Bicycle parking
Bicycle parking involves the infrastructure and equipment to enable secure and convenient parking of bicycles...
are available at many public transport hubs.
Safety
Cycling in London is sometimes perceived as unsafe. However, as London Cycling CampaignLondon Cycling Campaign
The London Cycling Campaign is an independent membership charity lobbying for better conditions for cyclists in London. Its vision is to make London "a world-class cycling city"...
and Transport for London write, the risks are negligible if certain rules are followed.
According to Andrei Morgan et al. (2010), "the biggest threat remains freight vehicles, involved in more than 4 out of 10 incidents, with over half turning left at the time of the crash."
Hence the London Cycling Campaign and others strongly recommend that cyclists should never undertake a lorry, especially in front of red lights. The correct positioning on the road is also important.
Between 1986 and April 2011, 439 cyclists have been killed in traffic accidents in Greater London. The yearly numbers of cyclists killed in London vary considerably. On average, from 1986 to 2010, 17.2 cyclists died per year. In more recent years, the numbers have declined slightly. The average from 1986 to 1999 was 18.3 while from 2000 to 2010 it was 15.9. However, there is a large yearly variation. For example, in 2004 only 8 cyclists died. One year later the number rose to 21. The worst year was 1989 with 33 fatalities.
According to Andrei Morgan et al. (2010) "the number of cyclists killed in London remains small, meaning that even if trends were present, they may not have been detected."
The absolute numbers of deaths have to put into perspective with regard to the number of cycles on the road. The absolute number of bike journeys in London has roughly doubled since the 1990s. According to Transport for London in 1993 300,000 daily journeys were made by bicycle. In 2007 the number of daily trips has increased to 500,000.
Andrei Morgan et al. (2010) estimate a "death rate per 100,000 cyclists per kilometre per year". This number came down significantly in recent years: In 2006 it was 11.1, while the average between 1992 and 1999 was 15.5. Morgan et al. estimate that this figure declined by 2.7% per year.
A map showing all cycling fatalities in Greater London since 2006 is available on the internet, as well as a spreadsheet containing publicly available information about the crashes.
Recent changes
The number cycling in the city of London has grown in recent years. For example, the introduction of two new "cycle superhighways" led to an increase of cycling numbers on those routes by 70% overall (one of the two routes actually double in numbers) within one year to 2010.Growth is assisted by governmental encouragement of cycling and the construction of improvements to enable safe and efficient cycling. Other conditions are:
- Bicycle advocacy
- cost of public transport and running private cars, including the London congestion chargeLondon congestion chargeThe London congestion charge is a fee charged for some categories of motor vehicle to travel at certain times within the Congestion Charge Zone , a traffic area in London. The charge aims to reduce congestion, and raise investment funds for London's transport system...
and petrol price increases. - safer roads for cyclists, this includes allowing cycling in bus lanes, 20 miles per hour (8.9 m/s) default limits, and redesign of roads to make cycling safer.
- better support facilities, including parking spaces
- better bicycles and gear, including waterproof bags and panniers, better lighting
- concern over terrorism on public transport networks since the 2005 bombings7 July 2005 London bombingsThe 7 July 2005 London bombings were a series of co-ordinated suicide attacks in the United Kingdom, targeting civilians using London's public transport system during the morning rush hour....
In 2009 London real estate agents reported that close-by bike paths and on-site bike parking facilities were influencing the decisions of prospective property buyers and tenants.
Future plans
Former Mayor of LondonMayor of London
The Mayor of London is an elected politician who, along with the London Assembly of 25 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Greater London. Conservative Boris Johnson has held the position since 4 May 2008...
Ken Livingstone
Ken Livingstone
Kenneth Robert "Ken" Livingstone is an English politician who is currently a member of the centrist to centre-left Labour Party...
set a target of a 400% increase in cycling between 2008 and 2025. On 9 February 2008 Livingstone announced an estimated £400 million of initiatives to improve and increase cycling and walking. To be co-ordinated by the TfL and London boroughs the aims include having 1 in 10 Londoners making a round trip by bike each day and five per cent of all daily trips by bike by 2025.
These initiatives include:
- Barclays Cycle HireBarclays Cycle HireBarclays Cycle Hire is a public scheme bicycle sharing scheme that was launched on 30 July 2010 in London, United Kingdom. The scheme's bicycles are informally referred to as Boris bikes, after Boris Johnson, who was the Mayor of London at the time of the official launch.BCH commenced operations...
: From 2010, 6,000 bicycles were available for rental. The scheme, run by MontrealMontrealMontreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...
-based BIXIBIXIBixi is a public bicycle sharing system developed by the Public Bike System Company , which itself was set up by the parking authority of Montréal to create a modular bicycle sharing system for Montréal....
, will initially cover about 17 square miles (44 square kilometers) over nine central LondonCentral LondonCentral London is the innermost part of London, England. There is no official or commonly accepted definition of its area, but its characteristics are understood to include a high density built environment, high land values, an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally,...
boroughLondon boroughThe administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. Inner London comprises twelve of these boroughs plus the City of London. Outer London comprises the twenty remaining boroughs of Greater London.-Functions:...
s, and will include 6,000 bikes and 400 docking stations. The docking stations will be at every 300m and mainly at key destinations and tube stations (but not at train station) in Central London. There will be a charge for hire but there will be free use to encourage the scheme. The scheme was designed based on the feasibility study produced by German Dector-Vega and Charles Snead in Nov 2008.
- Extra cycle parking : There will be thousands of new bike parking facilitiesBicycle standA bicycle stand,also called a bike rack, is a device to which bicycles may be securely attached. It may be free standing or securely attached to the ground or some stationary object such as a building. Indoor bike racks are commonly used for private bicycle parking, while outdoor bike racks are...
at train and tube stations. - Cycle routes: New cycle routes from inner and outer London and cycle zones around urban centres will be established, the first by 2009. This will include 12 Cycle Superhighways across central London.; The firsts two pilot routes will be implemented by July 2010 and will go from Barking to Tower Hill in the East of London and from Colliers Wood to Bank in the North. The concept was designed by German Dector-Vega and will include the trial of cycle lanes through junctions (as in Denmark), convex mirrors at traffic signals to reduce the blind spot between lorries and cyclist (as used in Switzerland), new signage, and the re-design of some traffic junctions to improve safety among other things.
- Bike Zones: Throughout Greater London 15 Bike Zones will be created for shoppers and children going to school around "urban town centres". These areas will have cycle priority streets, 20 mph limits and "quick, clear and simple" routes along roads, through parks and alongside waterways. This will complement TfLTFLTFL may refer to:* Tasmanian Football League, an Australian rules football competition* Tensor fasciae latae muscle, a thigh/hip muscle* Transport for London, a public transport organisation in the London area* The Flaming Lips, an American rock band...
's school cycle parking programme which was to add 5,000 cycle parking spaces in schools by 2005.
London Mayor Boris Johnson
Boris Johnson
Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson is a British journalist and Conservative Party politician, who has been the elected Mayor of London since 2008...
is considering schemes to allow cyclists to turn left at red traffic lights.
Regular events
- Mayor of London's SkyrideMayor of London's SkyrideThe Mayor of London's Sky Ride is a major cycling event in London, England, aimed at cyclists of every age and ability...
: an annual event launched as London Freewheel in September 2007, for which certain roads in central London are closed to motor vehicles for several hours on a Sunday
- Critical MassCritical MassCritical Mass is a cycling event typically held on the last Friday of every month in over 300 cities around the world. The ride was originally founded in 1992 in San Francisco. The purpose of Critical Mass is not usually formalized beyond the direct action of meeting at a set location and time and...
, which leaves the National Film Theatre on the South BankSouth BankSouth Bank is an area of London, England located immediately adjacent to the south side of the River Thames. It forms a long and narrow section of riverside development that is within the London Borough of Lambeth to the border with the London Borough of Southwark and was formerly simply known as...
around 6.30 on the last Friday of each month
- World Naked Bike RideWorld Naked Bike RideWorld Naked Bike Ride is an international clothing-optional bike ride in which participants plan, meet and ride together en masse on human-powered transport , to "deliver a vision of a cleaner, safer, body-positive world."The dress code motto is "Bare as you dare"...
, held annually in 70 cities in 20 countries, including London every June since 2004,
- Bike Week, an annual UK celebration of cycling with many local events in June
- London to BrightonLondon to Brighton eventsThe route along the A23 from London to Brighton in south-east England is popular for races, tours, charity rides and rallies...
ride for charity each summer; about 30,000 cyclists take part
- London to Paris rides for various charities
- Dunwich DynamoDunwich DynamoThe Dunwich Dynamo is an annual semi-organised, through-the-night bicycle ride from London Fields park in Hackney, London, England to Dunwich on the Suffolk coast. The distance is approximately 120 miles ....
, annual midsummer overnight ride to SuffolkSuffolkSuffolk is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south. The North Sea lies to the east...
since 1993
- London Cycling Awards: the London Cycling CampaignLondon Cycling CampaignThe London Cycling Campaign is an independent membership charity lobbying for better conditions for cyclists in London. Its vision is to make London "a world-class cycling city"...
celebrates some of the best improvements for cyclists each year with the London Cycling Awards. 2008 winners included cycle parking at Frampton Park Estate in HackneyLondon Borough of HackneyThe London Borough of Hackney is a London borough of North/North East London, and forms part of inner London. The local authority is Hackney London Borough Council....
and at Shadwell DLR stationShadwell DLR stationShadwell DLR station on the Docklands Light Railway is between the terminals of Bank and Tower Gateway to the west and Limehouse to the east. The 1991 Bank extension joins the main DLR line just to the west of Shadwell.-History:...
; Kingston CouncilRoyal Borough of Kingston upon ThamesThe Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames is a borough in southwest London, England. The main town is Kingston upon Thames and it includes Surbiton, Chessington, New Malden and Tolworth. It is the oldest of the three Royal Boroughs in England, the others are Kensington and Chelsea, also in London,...
and Metropolitan PoliceMetropolitan policeMetropolitan Police is a generic title for the municipal police force for a major metropolitan area, and it may be part of the official title of the force...
for the Recycling Bikes Back Into The Community scheme; Newham University Hospital NHS Trust for the Well at Work project; STA Bikes and Hackney Council for Family Cycle Clubs; and Jenny JonesJenny Jones (Green politician)Jenny Jones is an English politician and prominent member of the Green Party of England and Wales. She currently represents the Green Party in the London Assembly, and is standing to be Mayor of London in the 2012 elections. She was Deputy Mayor of London from May 2003 to June 2004...
for services to cycling.
See also
- Cycleways in LondonCycleways in LondonFor those cycling in, around or across London a network of cycleways called the London Cycle Network exists within the London Metropolitan Area as well as an emerging network of "Cycle Superhighways"...
- Transport in LondonTransport in LondonLondon's transport forms the hub of the road, rail and air networks in the United Kingdom. It has its own dense and extensive internal private and public transport networks, as well as providing a focal point for the national road and railway networks...
- Cyclists' Touring ClubCyclists' Touring ClubCTC and the UK's national cyclists' organisation are the trading names of the Cyclists' Touring Club.CTC is the United Kingdom's largest cycling membership organisation. It also has member groups in the Republic of Ireland...
- Bicycle transportation engineeringBicycle transportation engineeringBicycle transportation engineering is the study of transportation engineering as it affects bicycles and cycling. It includes the design of dedicated transport facilities for cyclists, but also the study of how mixed-mode environments Bicycle transportation engineering is the study of...
Further reading
- Creating a Chain Reaction, The London Cycling Action Plan, February 2004
- Ballantine, RichardRichard BallantineRichard Ballantine is a cycling writer, journalist and cycling advocate. Born in America the son of Ian and Betty Ballantine of Ballantine Books fame, he now principally resides in London, England. He is most famous for his 1972 book titled Richard's Bicycle Book and its subsequent editions...
(2007). City Cycling. London: Snowbooks Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905005-60-4
External links
- Cycling | Transport for London
- Free local cycle guides from Transport for London
- Sustrans
- The London Cycle Network
- London Cyclist Blog
- Cyclists in the City, critiques on the implementation of new bicycle infrastructure in London.
- London Cycling Campaign
- Central London CTC
- Cycle Training in London
- Survey results: the truth about bikes in London, Time Out London, 18 July 2006