Cyclitol
Encyclopedia
Cyclitols are cycloalkane
s containing one hydroxyl
group on three or more ring atoms. They are cyclic polyol
s. Cyclitols are one of the compatible solutes
which are formed in a plant as a response to salt or water stress. Some cyclitol (e.g quinic
or shikimic acid
) are parts of hydrolysable tannin
s.
Cycloalkane
Cycloalkanes are types of alkanes that have one or more rings of carbon atoms in the chemical structure of their molecules. Alkanes are types of organic hydrocarbon compounds that have only single chemical bonds in their chemical structure...
s containing one hydroxyl
Hydroxyl
A hydroxyl is a chemical group containing an oxygen atom covalently bonded with a hydrogen atom. In inorganic chemistry, the hydroxyl group is known as the hydroxide ion, and scientists and reference works generally use these different terms though they refer to the same chemical structure in...
group on three or more ring atoms. They are cyclic polyol
Polyol
A polyol is an alcohol containing multiple hydroxyl groups. In two technological disciplines the term "polyol" has a special meaning: food science and polymer chemistry.- Polyols in food science :...
s. Cyclitols are one of the compatible solutes
Osmoprotectant
Osmoprotectants or compatible solutes are small molecules that act as osmolytes and help organisms survive extreme osmotic stress. Examples include betaines, amino acids, and the sugar trehalose. These molecules accumulate in cells and balance the osmotic difference between the cell's surroundings...
which are formed in a plant as a response to salt or water stress. Some cyclitol (e.g quinic
Quinic acid
Quinic acid is a cyclitol, a cyclic polyol. It is a crystalline acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee beans, and other plant products and made synthetically by hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid. Quinic acid is also implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee...
or shikimic acid
Shikimic acid
Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower shikimi , from which it was first isolated....
) are parts of hydrolysable tannin
Hydrolysable tannin
A hydrolyzable tannin or pyrogallol-type tannin is a type of tannin that, on heating with hydrochloric or sulfuric acids, yields gallic or ellagic acids....
s.
Naturally occurring cyclitols
- BornesitolBornesitolBornesitol is a cyclitol. It can be found in the gentianaceae and menyanthaceae plant families. Chemically, it is a methyl ether of D-myo-inositol....
- ConduritolConduritolConduritol or 1,2,3,4-cyclohexenetetrol is any of six isomeric organic compounds with chemical formula C6H10O4, that can be seen as derivatives of cyclohexene with four hydroxyl groups replacing hydrogen atoms on the four carbon atoms not adjacent to the double bond...
- InositolInositolInositol or cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol is a chemical compound with formula 6126 or 6, a sixfold alcohol of cyclohexane. It exists in nine possible stereoisomers, of which the most prominent form, widely occurring in nature, is cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol, or myo-inositol...
- OnonitolOnonitolOnonitol is a cyclitol. It is a 4-O-methyl-myo-inositol and is a constituent of Medicago sativa....
(4-O-methyl-myo-inositol) - PinitolPinitolPinitol is a cyclitol, a cyclic polyol. It is a known anti-diabetic agent isolated from Sutherlandia frutescens leaves. Gall plant tannins can be differentiated by their content of pinitol....
(3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol) - PinpollitolPinpollitolPinpollitol is a cyclitol. It is a di-O-methyl--chiro-inositol that can be isolated from Pinus radiata....
(di-O-methyl -(+)-chiro-inositol) - QuebrachitolQuebrachitolQuebrachitol is a naturally occurring optically active cyclitol, a cyclic polyol. It can be found in Allophylus edulis and in the serum left after the coagulation of the Hevea brasiliensis latex. It is also found in Cannabis sativa and in seabuckthorn.It was first isolated by Tanret in 1887 from...
(2-0-methyl-chiro-inositol) - Quinic acidQuinic acidQuinic acid is a cyclitol, a cyclic polyol. It is a crystalline acid obtained from cinchona bark, coffee beans, and other plant products and made synthetically by hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid. Quinic acid is also implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee...
- Shikimic acidShikimic acidShikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower shikimi , from which it was first isolated....
- ValienolValienolValienol is a C-7 cyclitol similar in structure to valienamine....
- ViscumitolViscumitolViscumitol is a cyclitol. It is a dimethyl-ether of muco-inositol that can be isolated from Viscum album....
(dimethyl-ether-muco-inositol)