Cydia
Encyclopedia
Cydia is a large genus
of tortrix moths, belonging to the tribe
Grapholitini
of subfamily Olethreutinae
. Its distinctness from and delimitation versus the tribe's type genus
Grapholita
requires further study.
Moths in this genus are generally small and dull brown; their caterpillars are yellow or white and wormlike. Cydia includes many species
of economic importance due to the damage their caterpillar
s inflict as pests of agricultural crop
s, especially fruit
and nut
trees. On the other hand, some Cydia species have been used for biological control
of invasive weeds, and many of these small moths and their caterpillars are an important food source for other animals. A few species from the Hawaiian Islands
are suspected to be extinct due to disappearance of their foodplants
.
The iPhone
/iPod Touch
application Cydia
, which allows third-party
software to be downloaded and installed, was named after Cydia pomonella (Codling Moth). Its name refers to the fact that this species' caterpillars develop inside an apple
, just as the application allows non-App Store-approved software to be deployed to the Apple hardware. Another well-known species is the Jumping Bean Moth (C. deshaisiana), whose caterpillars live in Sebastiania
seeds, turning them into the famous "Mexican jumping bean
s".
are currently recognized in Cydia, though as noted above, the list is provisional:
In addition to the uncertain relationship of Cydia and Grapholita
already mentioned above, the synonymy of the present genus has been subject to some confusion with its close relative Pammene
: Eucelis, Trycheris and Orchemia are sometimes listed as junior synonyms of Cydia. But the type species
of the former two is Tortrix mediana (a junior synonym of P. aurana
), and that of the third is Orchemia gallicana (a junior synonym of P. gallicana).
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of tortrix moths, belonging to the tribe
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...
Grapholitini
Grapholitini
The Grapholitini are a tribe of tortrix moths.-Genera:The Grapholitini are a tribe of tortrix moths.-Genera:The Grapholitini are a tribe of tortrix...
of subfamily Olethreutinae
Olethreutinae
Olethreutinae is a subfamily of moth in the family Tortricidae.-Genera incertae sedis:This tortricine genus has not been assigned to a tribe yet:...
. Its distinctness from and delimitation versus the tribe's type genus
Type genus
In biological classification, a type genus is a representative genus, as with regard to a biological family. The term and concept is used much more often and much more formally in zoology than it is in botany, and the definition is dependent on the nomenclatural Code that applies:* In zoological...
Grapholita
Grapholita
Grapholita is a large genus of tortrix moths . It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.-Taxonomy and systematics:G.F...
requires further study.
Moths in this genus are generally small and dull brown; their caterpillars are yellow or white and wormlike. Cydia includes many species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
of economic importance due to the damage their caterpillar
Caterpillar
Caterpillars are the larval form of members of the order Lepidoptera . They are mostly herbivorous in food habit, although some species are insectivorous. Caterpillars are voracious feeders and many of them are considered to be pests in agriculture...
s inflict as pests of agricultural crop
Crop
Crop may refer to:* Crop, a plant grown and harvested for agricultural use* Crop , part of the alimentary tract of some animals* Crop , a modified whip used in horseback riding or disciplining humans...
s, especially fruit
Fruit
In broad terms, a fruit is a structure of a plant that contains its seeds.The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state,...
and nut
Nut (fruit)
A nut is a hard-shelled fruit of some plants having an indehiscent seed. While a wide variety of dried seeds and fruits are called nuts in English, only a certain number of them are considered by biologists to be true nuts...
trees. On the other hand, some Cydia species have been used for biological control
Biological pest control
Biological control of pests in agriculture is a method of controlling pests that relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms...
of invasive weeds, and many of these small moths and their caterpillars are an important food source for other animals. A few species from the Hawaiian Islands
Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and undersea seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some 1,500 miles from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll...
are suspected to be extinct due to disappearance of their foodplants
Coextinction
Coextinction of a species is the loss of a species as a consequence of the extinction of another. The term was originally used in the context of the extinction of parasitic insects following the loss of their specific hosts...
.
The iPhone
IPhone
The iPhone is a line of Internet and multimedia-enabled smartphones marketed by Apple Inc. The first iPhone was unveiled by Steve Jobs, then CEO of Apple, on January 9, 2007, and released on June 29, 2007...
/iPod Touch
IPod Touch
The iPod Touch is a portable media player, personal digital assistant, handheld game console, and Wi-Fi mobile device designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The iPod Touch adds the multi-touch graphical user interface to the iPod line...
application Cydia
Cydia
Cydia is a large genus of tortrix moths, belonging to the tribe Grapholitini of subfamily Olethreutinae. Its distinctness from and delimitation versus the tribe's type genus Grapholita requires further study....
, which allows third-party
Third-party software component
In computer programming, a third-party software component is a reusable software component developed to be either freely distributed or sold by an entity other than the original vendor of the development platform...
software to be downloaded and installed, was named after Cydia pomonella (Codling Moth). Its name refers to the fact that this species' caterpillars develop inside an apple
Apple
The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family . It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits, and the most widely known of the many members of genus Malus that are used by humans. Apple grow on small, deciduous trees that blossom in the spring...
, just as the application allows non-App Store-approved software to be deployed to the Apple hardware. Another well-known species is the Jumping Bean Moth (C. deshaisiana), whose caterpillars live in Sebastiania
Sebastiania
Sebastiania is a plant genus in the Euphorbiaceae family, comprising about 100 species. These are shrubs found in tropical and warm areas.Species include:*Sebastiania alpina*Sebastiania crenulata*Sebastiania fasciculata...
seeds, turning them into the famous "Mexican jumping bean
Mexican jumping bean
A Mexican jumping bean is an occurrence native to Mexico, where it is known as Frijoles saltarines . Physically, Mexican jumping beans resemble small beans, tan to brown in colour. They are a seed pod through which the larva of a small moth has chewed. The bean "jumps" because when it gets in a...
s".
Species
Roughly 215 speciesSpecies
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
are currently recognized in Cydia, though as noted above, the list is provisional:
Synonyms
Obsolete scientific names (junior synonyms and others) of Cydia are:- Adenoneura Walsingham, 1907
- Carpocampa Harris, 1841 (unjustified emendation)
- Carpocapsa Treitschke, 1829
- Cerata Stephens, 1852
- Coccyx Treitschke, 1829
- Collicularia Obraztsov, 1960
- Crobilophora (lapsusLapsusA lapsus is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking. According to Freud's early psychoanalytic theory, a lapsus represents a missed deed that hides an unconscious desire....
) - Crobylophora Kennel, 1910 (non Meyrick, 1880: preoccupiedCrobylophoraCrobylophora is a genus of moths in the family Lyonetiidae.-Selected Species:*Crobylophora chrysidiella Meyrick, 1880 *Crobylophora daricella Meyrick, 1881*Crobylophora metallifera...
) - Danilevskia Kuznetzov, 1970
- Dicraniana Diakonoff, 1984
- Erminea Kirby & Spence, 1826
- Erminia (lapsus)
- Hedulia Heinrich, 1926
- Kenneliola Paclt, 1951
- Lasperesia (lapsus)
- Laspeyresia Hübner, 1825 (non R.L., 1817: preoccupiedLaspeyriaLaspeyria is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family and only genus in the subtribe Aventiina.-Selected species:* Laspeyria flexula - Beautiful Hook-Tip Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775-References:*...
) - Lespeyresia (lapsus)
- Melisopus (lapsus)
- Melissopus Riley, 1882
- Melliopus (lapsus)
- Mellisopus (lapsus)
- Mellissopus (lapsus)
- Phanetoprepa Obraztsov, 1968
- Pseudotomoides Obraztsov, 1959
- Semasia Stephens, 1829
- Strobila Sodoffsky, 1837 (non Sars, 1829: preoccupied)
In addition to the uncertain relationship of Cydia and Grapholita
Grapholita
Grapholita is a large genus of tortrix moths . It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.-Taxonomy and systematics:G.F...
already mentioned above, the synonymy of the present genus has been subject to some confusion with its close relative Pammene
Pammene
The tortrix moth genus Pammene belongs to the tribe Grapholitini of subfamily Olethreutinae.-Synonyms:Obsolete scientific names of Pammene are:* Encelis * Eucelis Hübner, [1825]...
: Eucelis, Trycheris and Orchemia are sometimes listed as junior synonyms of Cydia. But the type species
Type species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...
of the former two is Tortrix mediana (a junior synonym of P. aurana
Pammene aurana
Pammene aurana is a moth of the Tortricidae family. It is found in most of Europe and adjacent Asia.The wingspan is 9-13 mm. Adults are on wing from June to August. There is one generation per year.The larvae feed on Heracleum sphondylium....
), and that of the third is Orchemia gallicana (a junior synonym of P. gallicana).