Cynarctoides acridens is an extinct species of Cynarctoides

Cynarctoides

Cynarctoides is an extinct genus of terrestrial canine of the family Borophaginae and tribe Phlaocyonini which inhabited most of North America during the Whitneyan stage of the Early Oligocene to the Barstovian stage of the Middle Miocene 33.3—13.6 Mya existing approximately .-Origin:Cynarctoides...

, belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae

Borophaginae

The subfamily Borophaginae is an extinct group of canids called "bone crushing dogs" that were endemic to North America during the Oligocene to Pliocene and lived roughly 36—2.5 million years ago and existing for approximately .-Origin:...

 and tribe Phlaocyonini

Phlaocyonini

Phlaocyonini † is a hypocarnivorous clade or tribe of Borophaginae. This is an extinct group of canids that were endemic to North America and which lived during the Oligocene epoch to the Miocene living ~33.3–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . PhlaocyoniniThe clade includes Cynarctoides and...

, a canine

Canidae

Canidae is the biological family of carnivorous and omnivorous mammals that includes wolves, foxes, jackals, coyotes, and domestic dogs. A member of this family is called a canid . The Canidae family is divided into two tribes: Canini and Vulpini...

 which inhabited most of west central North America

North America

North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...

 from the Miocene

Miocene

The Miocene is a geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about . The Miocene was named by Sir Charles Lyell. Its name comes from the Greek words and and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern sea invertebrates than the Pliocene. The Miocene follows the Oligocene...

 epoch (Harrisonian

Harrisonian

The Harrisonian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology , typically set from 24,800,000 to 20,600,000 years BP, a period of . It is usually considered to overlap the Chattian and Aquitarian stages...

 stage to Early Barstovian

Barstovian

The Barstovian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology , typically set from 16,300,000 to 13,600,000 years BP, a period of . It is usually considered to overlap the Langhian and Serravallian...

 stages) living 24.8—13.6 mya

Anum

Anum is an Akan town in the Asuogyaman District of Eastern Ghana, across from the Volta Lake.an...

 and existed for approximately .

Description

Borophaginae

Borophaginae

The subfamily Borophaginae is an extinct group of canids called "bone crushing dogs" that were endemic to North America during the Oligocene to Pliocene and lived roughly 36—2.5 million years ago and existing for approximately .-Origin:...

were short-face, heavy-jawed canines. Cynarctoides acridens shared part of its period of time with a variety of bear dog

Bear dog

Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of large terrestrial carnivores belonging to the suborder Caniformia and which inhabited North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa from the Middle Eocene subepoch to the Pleistocene epoch 46.2—1.8 Mya, existing for approximately .-Taxonomy:Amphicyonidae was named...

s like Aelurodontina, Tomarctus

Tomarctus

Tomarctus is a canine of the extinct subfamily Borophaginae which inhabited most of North America during the late Early Miocene to the Early Barstovian age of the Middle Miocene . Tomarctus existed for approximately ....

and the giant mustelid genus of bone-crushing canidae.

Origin

Cynarctoides acridens is synonymous with Cynarctus mustelinus and was named by E. H. Barbour and H. J. Cook in 1914. Its discovery was in a Harrisonian terrestrial horizon in the Upper Harrison Beds Formation of Nebraska

Nebraska

Nebraska is a state on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. The state's capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha, on the Missouri River....

. Cynarctoides acridens was recombined as Notharctus acridens by William Diller Matthew

William Diller Matthew

William Diller Matthew FRS was a vertebrate paleontologist who worked primarily on mammal fossils....

 in 1932. Under subsequent study, it was recombined as Cynarctoides acridens by P. O. McGrew in 1938 followed by Galbreath in 1956, J. Munthe in 1988, and Xiaoming Wang

Xiaoming Wang

Xiaoming Wang is a noted paleontologist and geologist born in People's Republic of China living in the United States.-Area of expertise:Dr. Wang specializes in the fossil evolution, systematics, and phylogeny of mammals of the Cenozoic...

 in 1999.

Morphology

Two specimens were examined by Legendre and Roth for body mass.

• Specimen 1 was estimated to weigh 1.42 kg (3.1 lb).
• Specimen 2 was estimated to weigh 1.48 kg (3.3 lb).

Fossil distribution

• Hidalgo Bluff Site, Oakville Formation, Washington County, Texas ~23.0—5.3 Ma.
• Nambe Site, Tesuque Formation, Santa Fe County, New Mexico
  Santa Fe County, New Mexico
  -2010:Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:*76.2% White*0.9% Black*3.1% Native American*1.2% Asian*0.1% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander*3.6% Two or more races*14.9% Other races*50.6% Hispanic or Latino -2000:...
  
   ~23.0—5.3 Ma.
• Split Rock, Arikaree Formation, Natrona County, Wyoming, ~20.6—16.3 Ma.
• Yermo Site, Barstow Formation
  Barstow Formation
  The Barstow Formation is a series of limestones, conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones and shales exposed in the Mojave Desert near Barstow, California. It is early to middle Miocene in age, and lends its name to the Barstovian North American land mammal age...
  
  , San Bernardino County, California
  San Bernardino County, California
  San Bernardino County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,035,210, up from 1,709,434 as of the 2000 census...
  
  ~16.3—13.6 Ma.