Dangdut
Encyclopedia
Dangdut is a genre of Indonesia
n popular music
that is partly derived from Malay, Arabic, and Hindustani
music. It developed in the 1970s among working-class
Muslim
youth, but beginning in the late 1990s reached a broader following in lower class Indonesians, Malaysia, and the southern Philippines
.
A dangdut band typically consists of a lead singer, male or female, backed by four to eight musicians. Instruments usually include a tabla
, mandolin
, guitar
s, and synthesizer
s. The term has been expanded from the desert-style music to embrace other musical styles. Modern dangdut incorporates influences from Middle Eastern pop music, Western rock, house music
, hip-hop music, contemporary R&B
, and reggae
.
onomotopoeia for the sound of the tabla
(also known as gendang) drum, which is written dang and ndut.
, have one or more venues that have a dangdut show several times a week. The concerts of major dangdut stars are also broadcast on television.
Beginning in 2003, certain dangdut musicians became the focus of a national controversy in Indonesia regarding performances by singer Inul Daratista
that religious conservatives described as pornography. Street protests called for Daratista's banning from television, and legislation was passed in 2008 by the People's Consultative Assembly
that introduced a broad range of activities described as pornography
.
Because the popularity of the genre, some movies and TV show have dangdut-centered themes, such as Rhoma Irama's movies and Rudy Soedjarwo
's Mendadak Dangdut.
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
n popular music
Popular music
Popular music belongs to any of a number of musical genres "having wide appeal" and is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry. It stands in contrast to both art music and traditional music, which are typically disseminated academically or orally to smaller, local...
that is partly derived from Malay, Arabic, and Hindustani
Hindustani classical music
Hindustani classical music is the Hindustani or North Indian style of Indian classical music found throughout the northern Indian subcontinent. The style is sometimes called North Indian Classical Music or Shāstriya Sangeet...
music. It developed in the 1970s among working-class
Working class
Working class is a term used in the social sciences and in ordinary conversation to describe those employed in lower tier jobs , often extending to those in unemployment or otherwise possessing below-average incomes...
Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
youth, but beginning in the late 1990s reached a broader following in lower class Indonesians, Malaysia, and the southern Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
.
A dangdut band typically consists of a lead singer, male or female, backed by four to eight musicians. Instruments usually include a tabla
Tabla
The tabla is a popular Indian percussion instrument used in Hindustani classical music and in popular and devotional music of the Indian subcontinent. The instrument consists of a pair of hand drums of contrasting sizes and timbres...
, mandolin
Mandolin
A mandolin is a musical instrument in the lute family . It descends from the mandore, a soprano member of the lute family. The mandolin soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. A mandolin may have f-holes, or a single...
, guitar
Guitar
The guitar is a plucked string instrument, usually played with fingers or a pick. The guitar consists of a body with a rigid neck to which the strings, generally six in number, are attached. Guitars are traditionally constructed of various woods and strung with animal gut or, more recently, with...
s, and synthesizer
Synthesizer
A synthesizer is an electronic instrument capable of producing sounds by generating electrical signals of different frequencies. These electrical signals are played through a loudspeaker or set of headphones...
s. The term has been expanded from the desert-style music to embrace other musical styles. Modern dangdut incorporates influences from Middle Eastern pop music, Western rock, house music
House music
House music is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago, Illinois, United States in the early 1980s. It was initially popularized in mid-1980s discothèques catering to the African-American, Latino American, and gay communities; first in Chicago circa 1984, then in other...
, hip-hop music, contemporary R&B
Contemporary R&B
Contemporary R&B is a music genre that combines elements of hip hop, soul, R&B and funk.Although the abbreviation “R&B” originates from traditional rhythm and blues music, today the term R&B is most often used to describe a style of African American music originating after the demise of disco in...
, and reggae
Reggae
Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. While sometimes used in a broader sense to refer to most types of Jamaican music, the term reggae more properly denotes a particular music style that originated following on the development of ska and rocksteady.Reggae is based...
.
Etymology
The term dangdut is a Javanese-languageJavanese language
Javanese language is the language of the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. In addition, there are also some pockets of Javanese speakers in the northern coast of western Java...
onomotopoeia for the sound of the tabla
Tabla
The tabla is a popular Indian percussion instrument used in Hindustani classical music and in popular and devotional music of the Indian subcontinent. The instrument consists of a pair of hand drums of contrasting sizes and timbres...
(also known as gendang) drum, which is written dang and ndut.
Culture
Most major cities, especially on JavaJava
Java is an island of Indonesia. With a population of 135 million , it is the world's most populous island, and one of the most densely populated regions in the world. It is home to 60% of Indonesia's population. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is in west Java...
, have one or more venues that have a dangdut show several times a week. The concerts of major dangdut stars are also broadcast on television.
Beginning in 2003, certain dangdut musicians became the focus of a national controversy in Indonesia regarding performances by singer Inul Daratista
Inul Daratista
Inul Daratista is a dangdut singer and performance artist from Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. Her husband's name is Adam Susilo. She became nationally famous in 2003, and is known for her suggestive style of dancing that has caused major controversy in Indonesia. Inul is a corrupted version of...
that religious conservatives described as pornography. Street protests called for Daratista's banning from television, and legislation was passed in 2008 by the People's Consultative Assembly
People's Consultative Assembly
The People's Consultative Assembly is the legislative branch in Indonesia's political system. It is composed of the members of the People's Representative Council and the Regional Representative Council. Before 2004, and the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, the MPR was the highest governing...
that introduced a broad range of activities described as pornography
Pornography
Pornography or porn is the explicit portrayal of sexual subject matter for the purposes of sexual arousal and erotic satisfaction.Pornography may use any of a variety of media, ranging from books, magazines, postcards, photos, sculpture, drawing, painting, animation, sound recording, film, video,...
.
Because the popularity of the genre, some movies and TV show have dangdut-centered themes, such as Rhoma Irama's movies and Rudy Soedjarwo
Rudy Soedjarwo
Rudianto Soedjarwo is an Indonesian film director. He became popular after directed a teens movie What's Up with Love? .-Filmography:* Falling Star * Tragedy...
's Mendadak Dangdut.
Selected artists
Leading dangdut artists include the following:- Rhoma IramaRhoma IramaRaden Irama , most commonly known as Rhoma Irama, is an Indonesian dangdut musician and occasional actor...
(The "King of Dangdut") - Elvy SukaesihElvy SukaesihElvy Sukaesih is one of the most popular singers in Java, Indonesia, and has been dubbed the Queen of Dangdut. Sukaesih has a significant fanbase in other Asian countries such as Japan. She has been a prolific recording artist since the late 1960s...
(The "Queen of Dangdut") - Inul DaratistaInul DaratistaInul Daratista is a dangdut singer and performance artist from Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. Her husband's name is Adam Susilo. She became nationally famous in 2003, and is known for her suggestive style of dancing that has caused major controversy in Indonesia. Inul is a corrupted version of...
(Creator of Goyang Inul, which sparked an anti-pornography controversy) - Evie TamalaEvie TamalaEvie Tamala is a popular Indonesian dangdut singer-songwriter.-External links:*...
- Iis Dahlia
- Mansyur S.Mansyur S.Mansyur S. is an Indonesian singer. He is a star of the dangdut style of Indonesian music. He sings with an ensemble called Dangdut Manis, or "Sweet Dangdut". He appears on the Smithsonian Folkways collection, Indonesian Popular Music: Krongcong, Dangdut, & Langgam Jawa....
- A. RafiqA. RafiqA. Rafiq is a prominent Jakarta-based dangdut artist. He has been active in the Indonesian music industry since the 1970s. He launched his first single, Pandangan Pertama in 1978. The single was a huge hit and propelled his career in the Indonesian 70's dangdut scene. Rafiq, along with Rhoma Irama...
- Dewi PersikDewi PersikDewi Muria Agung , better known by her stage name Dewi Persik and nicknamed Depe after her monogram, is an Indonesian dangdut singer. She has been embroiled in several scandals, related to her stage persona and personal life.-Biography:Persik was born Dewi Muria Agung in Jember, East Java on 16...
- Fahmy ShahabFahmy Shahab- References :...
- Meggy Z.
- Abiem Ngesti
- Camelia Malik
- Dorce GamalamaDorce GamalamaDorce Gamalama is an Indonesian transsexual pop singer, actress, presenter, and comedian....
- Ikke Nurjanah